علی اکبر صالحی

Friday prayer is one of the political and social acts of worship in Islam. Due to the cultural, devotional, political and social functions of Friday prayer, in addition to being emphasized in the Holy Quran, it has been confirmed and emphasized in Islamic traditions by Imam Huda (peace be upon him). Cultural and political influences are the basis for the connection of religion with the social system, which as a result will greatly influence the actions and reactions of the Islamic society. In this article, with the descriptive-analytical method, we came to the conclusion that in the thought and intellectual system of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, the most important functions and achievements of Friday prayer can be counted as cultural and social political achievements. Among the cultural works, we can mention the attention to God, the descent of collective blessings, avoiding secularist thoughts, cultural guidance in the form of political demand, political enlightenment and explanation jihad. The socio-political effects of Friday prayer for the society and people can be explained in the form of the political insight-enhancing effects of Friday prayer, which include distinguishing and recognizing right from wrong, responding to social political doubts of the day, informing about surrounding events, increasing unity. And he pointed out the sense of collective authority that can be found in the words of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution

The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges of citizenship education based on the perception of Afghan immigrant students, with the aim of describing and interpreting the lived experiences of the components of citizenship education. The research method included the community of parents and students in the primary level of the 4th district of Alborz province, including 6 immigrant girls and 10 immigrant boys. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that has been continued until data saturation and analyzed using the Strabert and Carpenter method. After analyzing the data and removing the common codes, a conceptual code that expressed the experiences of the participants was extracted and categorized into 10 main themes. The findings of the present research indicate that the responses of the interviewees can be classified in the areas of environmental protection, based on the analysis of the interviews, indicating the themes of environmental protection, rights and duties of citizenship, empathy, responsibility, respect for the rights of others, cooperation, discrimination, the spirit of seeking justice, criticizing and accepting criticism, and establishing communication are the themes. The themes of discrimination, empathy, cooperation, communication are the themes that the interviewees had the most challenges regarding the quality and quantity of it, according to the experience in education in Iran, is significant based on the analysis of the above themes, gender bias in favor of men and the marginal role of women is one of the distinct distinctions of the interviewees.

According to the correct religious traditions, the guardianship of the Islamic Ummah during the absence of the Imam of the Asr (the souls of the departed souls) is necessarily on the shoulders of the Islamic jurist, and the leadership of the Islamic community cannot be realized except with the guardianship of the jurist. An important question that is raised in this regard is, to what extent are the powers of the jurist, and is the velayat-efaqih in the Islamic society absolute or is it considered limited and bound? In this regard, there is a fundamental difference of opinion among religious elders, each of whom considers evidence and works for their claims. Despite the many similarities between the views of the Supreme Leader and the late Allameh Misbah Yazdi (may God have mercy on him) on the theory of velayat-e-faqih, the differences of opinions can be found in this regard as well as being natural. The current method of writing is descriptive and analytical using library sources, which finds eight results from the works of absolute jurisprudence according to the theory of Supreme Leader and Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi (may God bless him and grant him peace) and is expressed in three disagreements: disagreements such as: 1. Acceptability is a part of legitimacy from the point of view of leadership, unlike Allameh Misbah who thinks acceptability is a process to realize government. 2. According to Ayatollah Misbah, the vote and allegiance of the people is in line with the interests of the society, and in itself, a special Shariah position cannot be imagined for it; But the leadership gives legitimacy to votes and opinions. 3. According to Ayatollah Misbah (may God have mercy on him), giving role to the people does not . mean giving legitimacy to their vote in laws and governance.

The purpose of this research was to identify the relationship between media diplomacy and dimensions of the tourism industry from the viewpoints of experts and media proprietors.

To achieve the mentioned purpose, this research was conducted through quantitative approach using statistical regression tests. The statistical population included official experts and media proprietors. The sample size consisted of 250 individuals, and the sampling method was non-probability and purposive.

Based on the results, six indicators of the tourism industry including foreign investment, health tourism content creation, urban symbols branding, soft power, feeling of security and urban identity have been counted. The results of data analysis show that most dimensions of the media diplomacy influence the tourism industry.

Originality: 

This research develops the existing literature in the field of tourism by presenting a media diplomacy evaluation model based on the indicators of the tourism industry and helps to identify the characteristics of media diplomacy effectiveness.

Implications:

 Rrecommendations of the current research include the preparation of tourism re-education texts on the bases of media indicators, the establishment of a tourism university and related fields such as tourism journalism, and the development of tourism knowledge of tourism officials and planners based on media approaches.

To increase the performance of a gas centrifuge, it is necessary to stabilize an axial flow inside the rotor. For this purpose, computer simulation is an effective method. In the present work, a specific solver (ICDB) was developed in OpenFOAM to simulate the gas flow in the rotor. Creating a solver is important because OpenFOAM is free and open-source software. According to a study carried out by a research group, high-speed airflow is considered on a flat plate to assess the accuracy of this solver. To validate the ICDB, the results are compared with those of Fluent software and other researchers. It is found that the results corresponding to ICDB solver are in good agreement with other effects. Moreover, using the ICDB solver and the fluent software, the uranium hexafluoride gas flow inside the axisymmetric rotor was simulated considering different drives such as the thermal drive (wall and caps) and the mechanical drive (scoop). The obtained results show that the developed solver in OpenFOAM can simulate the uranium hexafluoride gas flow inside the rotor.

In order to increase the performance of a gas centrifuge used in the uranium enrichment industry, the gas flow field inside it is studied and simulated. In the present work, the full Navier-Stokes equations using the CFD method are used to simulate the gas flow inside the rotor. For the CFD method, a density-based implicit coupling solver was developed in OpenFOAM software, which was used to simulate the gas flow inside the rotor. The separation power was improved in a sample rotor by adjusting feed flow parameters, wall pressure, wall temperature gradient, and scoop drag force. The results show that the process variable had an optimal value in which the separation power is maximum. In order to achieve the maximum separation power of 12.87 kg UF6 SWU/year, the optimum rotor conditions were determined at a feed rate of 90 g/h, wall pressure of 44 torr, the temperature gradient of 25 K, and drag force of 1557 dyne. This study can be considered an important step in improving the performance of centrifuge separation.

The performance of a uranium gas centrifuge which is used in the uranium enrichment industry depends strongly on the gas flow field. The computer simulation is vital to examine the gas flow field. Therefore, in the present study, the capabilities of OpenFoam software for simulating the gas flow inside the rotor for total reflux thermal drive-in axisymmetric mode has been investigated. The results corresponding to the OpenFoam ssimulation have been validated with those of analytical Olander’s model, numerical solution of the Harada’s study, and simulation using Fluent. The simulation results for gas flow inside the rotor of centrifuge showed that the density-based solver was properly chosen and the number of cells, 160×170, was compatible with mesh. The numerical results show that OpenFoam software was capable to examine the gas flow inside the rotor. Also, the simulation of the distribution of Knudsen number confirms the presence of the molecular region near the axis of rotation. OpenFoam is open-source software and there is the ability to solve the molecular region as well as the coding for coupling the continuous and molecular region, the feature which does not exist in the fluent software. The use of open foam is therefore recommended to simulate gas flow inside the rotor.