فهرست مطالب علی اکبرکریمی زارچی

Survival rate is one of the main prognostic indicators in cancer related topics. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival rate and related factors in breast cancer patients referred to a military hospital in Tehran, Iran.

In a longitudinal epidemiologic study of a historical cohort type, the recorded data of all women with breast cancer who referred to radiotherapy center of a military hospital between 2012 and 2017 were selected by the census method and were evaluated in terms of five-year survival rate. The survival rate curve was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier statistical method, and Cox-regression was used to examine the variables affecting survival.

In the minimum 6-year follow-up of 249 patients, 237 (95.2%) were alive. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates in all study patients were 100%, 98% and 96%, respectively. There were significant relationships between mortality rate and age, number of children, education, menopausal status, lymphatic involvement, clinical stage and grade, underlying disease, and family history of bearst cancer (p<0.05). Among the variables included in the Cox model, lymphatic involvement and underlying disease had the greatest impact on reducing survival.

Public education at the time of patients’ visits and during the golden times of diagnosis and treatment has been effective in reducing deaths and increasing survival.

Hydatidosis is an important parasitic disease, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. It is a major health problem in different parts of the world including Iran. The disease can lead to serious complications in several organs, especially in liver and lungs. It seems that the military forces have a high risk of infection due to their presence in different missions in various climatic, geographical, and security conditions. This study aimed at determining the sero-prevalence of hydatidosis in the personnel of a military unit.

During a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020, antigen B (AgB) was prepared from sheep hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) by Oriol method. Two hundred and five sera samples were prepared and evaluated by AgB-ELISA.

Out of 205 examined samples, 30 cases (14.6%) showed a positive response by AgB-ELISA. The most positive cases were observed in personnel aged 30-39 years (63.3%), working in the operational category (76.7%), with 11-20 years of service (43.3%), with university education (96.7%) and living in urban areas (80%). Furthermore, individuals consuming spring/boiled/mineral water (53.3%), who used salt and vinegar (50%) to wash vegetables, had the highest percentage of seropositivity. According to the statistical analysis, there was no significant relationship between the variables and the positivity of AgB-ELISA (P>0.05).

High sero-prevalence of antibodies (IgG) against AgB of hydatid cyct in military forces demonstrated the importance of high-quality health educational programs in such communities. Screening and following up of the persons with positive sera are also recommended.

Psychosocial problems of breast cancer patients, such as anxiety, depression, anger, sadness and despair, along with spiritual distress like a misunderstanding of illness as divine punishment, despair of God's mercy, and dissatisfaction with destiny, should be considered in oncology health services. More than 90% of Iranians are Muslims. They believe in God, the management of the world by God, the existence of the soul in man and the universe, life after death, and the feedback of their verbal and non–verbal behaviors. The Sound Heart spiritual care model is designed and validated based on religious evidence. This model is in harmony with the religious culture of the patients. In third–wave psychotherapy, mindfulness, as the result of combining Eastern spiritual traditions such as meditation techniques with traditional cognitive–behavioral therapy, seeks to draw the patient's attention from dysfunctional thoughts and feelings to the body and the nature around him. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of spiritual therapy based on the Sound Heart Model and Mindfulness training based on Kabat–Zinn perspective on the resilience of patients with breast cancer.

This quasi–experimental research was carried out with a pretest–posttest design with two experimental groups in 2019. The samples consisted of women with breast cancer treated in Baqiyatollah Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, to investigate the effect of two types of interventions on patients' resilience. In this study, due to the type and duration of intervention, the type of disease and to avoid creating moral ambiguities, there was no external control group. Thirty eligible volunteer patients were included in the study by the available sampling method. Samples were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (1 and 2). The inclusion criteria were as follows: being able to communicate and understand the taught material; lacking a history of chronic mental illness in the past and present; not taking psychotropic drugs or having a history of drug addiction; lacking familiarity with the Persian language; not having other diseases or complications leading to hospitalization in the intensive care unit; being 35–55 years old; scoring the degree of disease level between 1 and 3; having education more than a high school diploma. The exclusion criteria were unwillingness to continue the research, simultaneous participation in another research, and the occurrence of an important crisis in life in addition to the crisis of the disease during the study. After explaining the purpose of the research and obtaining informed written consent, for each group, the intervention was performed in eight sessions, face to face, 30–45 minutes, once a week, with prior coordination for each patient. The samples completed the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor and Davidson, 2003) before and after the intervention. The collected data were entered into the SPSS version 22 and described using centrality and dispersion indices. The paired t test was used to compare the results before and after the interventions. To compare the two intervention methods in the posttest, covariance analysis was used.

The results of the paired t test to compare before and after the interventions showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the resilience variable in the pretest and posttest stages in the experimental groups (p<0.001). The analysis of covariance showed that the mean resilience in the posttest was significantly different between the two spiritual therapies based on sound heart and mindfulness training, after eliminating the effect of the pretest (p<0.001). Due to the high average resilience in spiritual therapy based on a sound heart (57.33) compared to mindfulness training (52.26), this treatment was more effective than mindfulness training.

Based on the findings of this study, spiritual therapy and mindfulness training has a positive and greater effect on patients' resilience. So, spiritual therapy based on a sound heart model which is in harmony with the culture and values of the Muslim people of Iran is recommended for the treatment of cancer patients.

Changes in human lifestyle are the most important factor in the occurrence of the third epidemiological transition and one of the indicators of this transition is the increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and the resulting deaths. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of health-promoting behaviors of employees of one of the universities of medical sciences in Tehran.

In a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 387 university staff were surveyed. Demographic information form and Health Promoting Behaviors Questionnaire (HPLP-II) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software ( version 16.0).

The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 37.1 years (8.8 years), 253 (65.4%) were male and the majority of participants, 120 (31%) had a bachelor's degree. The body mass index of most participants was 194 (55.4%) in normal condition.Mean (standard deviation) score of health-promoting behaviors in total 52.05 (21.01) and under the scales of health responsibility 8.85 (3.77), physical activity 8.66 (3.64), nutrition / 85 8 (4.02), spiritual growth of 8.17 (4.07), interpersonal relationships were determined to be 8.55 (4.26) and stress management was determined to be 8.97 (3.52). The relationship between all subscales of health-promoting behaviors except the subgroup of health responsibility and nutrition with age groups was significant (p = 0.045). Regarding the participants' body mass index, only the relationship between stress management subgroup and body mass index was significant (p = 0.021).

The results of this study showed that in general, the average score of the most important elements of health-promoting lifestyle including nutrition, physical activity, health responsibility, stress management, interpersonal relationships and spiritual growth is higher than the median index, but in some subgroups, Measurement values are average. Since the promotion of these promotional behaviors leads to the improvement of a health-promoting lifestyle, educational interventions are recommended, especially in the dimensions of interpersonal relationships and spiritual growth.

Improving the quality of life in cancer patients requires holistic and community-based interventions. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of spiritual counseling based on the sound heart model and mindfulness training in improving the quality of life of women with breast cancer.

This clinical trial was performed with two experimental groups on women with breast cancer at Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran. Thirty eligible volunteer patients were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to either spiritual counseling or mindfulness training. The interventions were performed in 8 sessions, 30 to 45 minutes, face to face. The quality of life questionnaire was completed by the subjects before and after the intervention. Data were entered in SPSS software (version 22.0). Because the normality of data distribution was not met, the Wilcoxon nonparametric test was used to compare the baseline and postintervention data in each group. In order to compare the effectiveness of the two methods of intervention, we calculated the mean difference in quality of life for each group and used the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the data.

The Wilcoxon test showed that both interventions were effective in improving quality of life (P < 0.001). The Mann-Whitney U test showed that spiritual counseling had a greater effect on quality of life than mindfulness training (P < 0.001).

Considering the greater effect of spiritual counseling on the patients’ quality of life, in comparison with mindfulness training, it is recommended that spiritual therapy be used in the treatment of cancer patients as a means of strengthening the adaptation ability, reducing spiritual distress, and increasing the quality of life of patients.

Cardiovascular diseases cause 17.9 million deaths annually and the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for this disease in one of the universities of medical sciences in Tehran in 1397. 

 In a cross-sectional study, 617 employees of one of  the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1397 were surveyed. Data were collected through a questionnaire of demographic characteristics and lipoprofile values ​​of participants from the measurements made in the staff health monitoring plan. The collected data were entered into SPSS Version19.0 software. Atherogenic Index (ATI) with the formula log10 (TG / HDL-C) was calculated. Central and dispersion indices were used to describe the data and independent t-test, analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for analysis.

485 (78.6%) of the participants were male and the rest were female. Mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 45.2 years (7.8 years), service history 19.7 years (9.6 years), fasting glucose (mg / dl) 100.8 (23.3), triglyceride (mg / dl) 4/163 (116.5), low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) (mg / dl) 2/117 (31.7), high density lipoprotein (good cholesterol) mg / dl) 2 / 43 (3/10), total cholesterol (mg / dl) 4/192 (1/34), body mass index (Kg / m2) 1/27 (3.7), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) participants 116.1 (12.4) and 74.4 (0.9) were determined, respectively. Difference between mean age (year), length of service (year), fasting glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol), total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index Were not statistically significant in both sexes (P = 0.052). One-way analysis of variance showed that the difference between the mean values ​​of total cholesterol (P = 0.000), low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.003) and high-density lipoprotein was statistically significant (P = 0.000) and It was not significant in other variables (P = 0.944). Tukey post hoc test showed that only the age group under 39 years were lower than total two cholesterol groups, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (P = 0.000).

All variables measured in this study are strongly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and all of them can be used individually or in combination to predict the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The results show that the studied risk factors and especially atherogenic index are very suitable for screening populations.

Electromagnetic waves consist of a combination of two perpendicular magnetic and electrical fields that do not require a material environment to propagate. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation in different occupations can increase tissue heat and damage to the health of individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a protective layer made of aluminum metal in the sheet and net mode to reduce electromagnetic radiation.
This study was a descriptive-interventional study with a laboratory method in 2016. In this study, a non-ionizing radiation generator used to create electromagnetic waves at 900 MHz to radiate on the aluminum layers in sheet and net shapes in the same laboratory conditions. The wavelength of the aluminum metal was measured using anelectromagnetic radiation measuring apparatus. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software.
The findings showed that electromagnetic waves in laboratory conditions of aluminum are less than that of the lattice. The aluminum network with a 1 mm pore size is more potent than the ratio of the network with 5 mm pores in reducing the transmission of waves with a frequency of 900 MHz.
The behavior of radio waves varies in different frequencies. In general, with increasing thickness, the ability to protect against the passage of waves increases very slightly. The aluminum network has less power compared to its laminar mode for electromagnetic waveguide protection at a wavelength of 900 MHz.

Prevention is a necessary and urgent task due to the widespread prevalence of various acute and chronic diseases. Nurses, in order to play their professional role and responsibility, need to know the choices, needs and abilities of patients in reality, their communication and their social context. The present review was conducted with two 1. determining the effect of a continuous care model on the outcomes of acute and chronic diseases, and, 2. describing and assessing the quality of methodology of published papers in this field.
This is a systematic review conducted on 2017. A systematic search was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to retrieve all national and international studies using a Continuous Care Model.
In the initial search, 3074 papers were retrieved, and following PRISMA screening guide, 51 relevant articles were identified. The final studies were classified and reviewed based on the authors, year, type of research with the number of studied groups, the aim of the research, the sampling method, the characteristics of the research samples in terms of the number of people and the type of disease, the method of data collection and final conclusion.
According to the review of the studies carried out with the continuous care model and the effectiveness of all of them on the different outcomes of the study, it can be stated with certainty that this indigenous model corresponds with the culture of Iran is an effective, simple, efficient and reliable model and can be used in promoting and improving the various aspects of acute and chronic diseases. The quality of conducting intervention studies using this Continuous Care Model was relatively good, but the reporting style and quality of the studies are inadequate.

This study has considered the relationship between RULA ergonomic assessment score and musculoskeletal disorder syndrome in the administrative personnel of a military center. In this descriptive study, the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among 145 male military personnel working in administrative departments were investigated using ergonomic evaluation RULA method and medical examinations. Analysis was conducted with SPSS 17 software. There was a significant relationship between the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic assessment factor of RULA (P=0.016) and also wrist disorders (P=0.049). In addition, the mean of BMI for the employees was 25.57, meaning that about 58% of them were overweight. The RULA ergonomic Assessment techniques can be used to predict musculo­skeletal disorders and obesity among military personnel working in the office of military centers.

Purpose of this study was determined knowledge and attitudes of health managers in one of the Military Center's tasks management (planning، organizing، coordination and control). This study was a quasi-experimental، before and after the 60 health managers working in a military facility in Iran. Valid and reliable questionnaire was completed before and after training. Data collected using SPSS software and were analyzed using paired t-test. Results showed that the mean knowledge and attitude of the managers of the management functions of planning، organizing، coordination and control of education has increased. The maximum increased in knowledge related to the organization (from 2/38 to 6/11) and in attitude related to the organization (from 18/9 to 21/9) (p≤0. 000). Training managers can promote health awareness and attitudes toward management tasks effectively. Therefore، the training of military leaders in the field of management tasks to be performed periodically.

Today, the most common type of headache is a tension which its cause has not yet been well understood. The purpose of this study was to family performance components in patients with Tension-type headaches and patients without Tension type headaches. This research was a case-control study in which 120 patients (including two groups with and without tension headaches) referred to the headache clinic and public center of Baqiyatallah in 2013. The cases were selected by a convenience sampling method and the controls were selected randomly. In order to collect data family functioning devices were used (FAD). Data analysis showed that there are significant differences between family functioning in patients compared to the Controls. Results also showed that there are significant differences among the factors of problem solving, communication, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behavior control, and general functioning. It can be concluded that one of the factors that can cause or maintain family functioning are tension-type headaches. By improving all the aspects of family functioning we can reduce the incidence and severity of tension-type headaches.

The use of technology has increased occupational diseases. People in work zone may be exposure to various harmful agents such as physical, chemical, ergonomic, biological and psychological agents. These factors can lead to many of occupational and work related diseases. This study aimed to determine the work related diseases among staff of a hospital in Tehran.This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 233 hospital`s staff. Job records and the check list of work related diseases were used to collect data. Descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS version 16 were applied for analysis. The results showed that 62.7 % of workers had musculoskeletal disorders. These disorders were more reported among people aged 30 to 39, females, paramedics and people with more than 10 years of work history. Prevalence of mental disorders was 18% and working age group of less than 29 years had the highest frequency among them. Skin diseases related to work with a prevalence rate about 24.1% among people aged more than 40 years was considerable. Work-related diseases in hospital are common especially musculoskeletal that caused by ergonomic agents. Regarding to high prevalence of work related diseases especially musculoskeletal disorders, among participants, applying educational interventions adjusted to job type of personnel could be a practical suggestion.

Study of environmental health status of storages and fridges and comparing it with ideal situation is incredibly important. This study aimed to determine the environmental health status of food storages and fridges in one of the military forces of Tehran province. In this Analytic Cross-sectional study, the situation of environmental health of the study centers was evaluated by the reliable and valid self-made checklist. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean, percent and t-test using SPSS15 software. The results showed that 9.1, 72.7 and 18.2 percent of the fridges and 9.1, 54.5 and 36.4 percent of the storages were evaluated in good, moderate and weak levels, respectively. From the view point of temperature control 9.1 and 27.3, sanitary 9.1 and 45.5, site selection 36.4 and 90.9, shelf-life 18.2 and 81.8 and staff hygiene 45.5 and 36.4 percent of fridges and storages, respectively, was evaluated in good level. Storage and fridge management have significant difference in scores, among 11 environmental health variables (P<0.05). According to the present study’s results, the environmental health situation of storages and fridges in this military force is not desirable. Correction of commander’s attitude, sanitation, staff training, regular health control and surveillance and sanitation engineering principles are necessary for promotion of environmental health situation in these centers.

Military forces need to achieve knowledge about first aid and critical principles for protecting themselves and their comrades too. So learning the principles of self-aid and buddy are necessary for all military personnel. the present study has been conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge and attitudes of military officers through training aid and aid it. Descriptive cross-sectional study has been conducted on 388 employees of a Military Center. stratified random sampling method was used to select the employees. Data collected from valid and reliable Self-designed questionnaire. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics، chi-square test and ANOVA analysis with software spss18 done. The mean knowledge score of personnel، and the average percentage of self-aid and buddy attitude training were15. 56 ± 2. 38 and 83. 81± 7. 5، respectively. 56. 2 and 65. 7 percent of employees participated in the study had a good level of education، knowledge، and the attitudes towards self-aid and buddy. According to present study، knowledge of more than43 percent of employees is not desirable، so self and buddy aid in military style training using modern methods of teaching with regard to future threats at a regular time intervals is highly recommended.

physical activity at teenage time is known as Health determinant at adolescence and elderly. The aim of this study is determining of Intended level of physical activity and effective factors in boy high school students advice on a housing town in Tehran.

A cross-sectional study done on 179 boy students. Data was collected through researchers made questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested by content validity technique and –Cronbach''s Alpha respectively. SPSS and descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the Collected Data. Finally، based on the results، strategies for promoting physical activity for students was provided.

36/3 percent، 34/1 percent and 29/6 percent of students respectively were low، moderate and severe physical activity level.  The research community access to sports facilities were in the home respectively 54/2 percent low، 27/4 percent moderate and 18/4 percent high، and in the school، respectively، 55/3 percent low، 43 percent moderate and 1/7 percent high have evaluated. 74. 3 percent of the students were not support enough and 25/7 percent had good support by their family. The level of physical activity had a significant relationship with BMI، class basis، and age. However it had no significant relations with parent’s education levels and job.

To increase physical activity among students، school- based interventions and increased use of family support is essential. Creating and facilitating access to sports facilities in schools and homes should be. And the benefits of regular physical activity to be taught students and families.

Leadership is the very factor playing a significant role in improving the efficiency of any organization. It is in fact the variable distinguishing a creative and innovative organization from other ones. The present study was an attempt to examine the management style in some selected military hospitals and its relationship with hospital performance indicators in 2011. This was a cross-sectional descriptive–analytical study. Seven hospitals were selected using stratified sampling from among the military hospitals in Tehran، Iran. The leadership style questionnaire with Likert scale was used for data collection. Data analysis was done using Mann-Whitney test، Chi square، and Spearman correlation coefficients using SPSS 19 software. Results showed that 56. 1، 22. 7، and 21. 2 percent of senior managers’ leadership styles were consultative، participative، and benevolent-authoritative respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between leadership style and hospital performance indicators. The results showed that approximately 10 to 15 percent of hospital beds are not being used، and in order to increase the efficiency of a hospital، managers need to move towards participative leadership styles.

Osteoporosis is considered as a silent disease. Having knowledge and correct health beliefs can be effective on preventive behaviors in osteoporosis disease. This study aimed to determine the impact of educational intervention on knowledge، perceptions and self-efficacy among adolescent girls. this quasi-experimental study was performed on 45 adolescent girls from one town of Tehran. The data collection instrument was a validated and reliable questionnaire in 3 sections: demographic; health belief model component; and self-efficacy that was used before & after the education. The educational intervention based on health belief model with direct and indirect methods was conducted. The data was analyzed by SPSS 15 software and we used paired t-test for statistical analysis of the data. The findings of this study and comparing the means showed a significant difference between the mean scores of students، Knowledge before and after the educational intervention (p<0/05) and so also on the mean scores of health belief model structures، perceived susceptibility، perceived barriers of physical activity، self efficacy of calcium intake، self- efficacy of physical activity before and after the intervention (p<0/05). The educational intervention based on health belief model، may lead to increased knowledge، perceived susceptibility، increased elimination of perceived barriers of physical activity، increase in the self efficacy of calcium intake and physical activity. Therefore in order to prevent osteoporosis، we suggest the educational intervention based on health belief model in promoting knowledge، perceptions، and self-efficacy.

Effective communicating is not only one of the patient’s most important needs, but also is the base of nursing work. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of solution-focused communication techniques on nurse communication skills. In this quasi-experimental [before-after] study, one group of 71 male and female nurses from medical-surgical departments of a hospital in Tehran participated. Solution-focused Communication techniques in a one-day workshop [8 hours] were trained. Nurse’s communication skills were assessed by questionnaire at pre-test and post-test [two months after the intervention]. Reliability was confirmed with correlation coefficient [α=0.86] through inter-rater reliability. For any participant, three questionnaires were completed [by themselves, their head nurse & their colleagues]. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The mean score of nurse's communication skills before and after the intervention found statistically significant differences [P= 0/001]. Statistically significant differences were also observed between mean scores of the four subscales of nurse's communication skills before and after the intervention [P=0/001]. Solution-focused communication training [SFCT] for nurses could have a positive effect on different aspects of their communication skills, containing; general and therapeutic communication, spiritual supporting and their attitudes toward communicating with patients.

Organizational environments in modern times are increasingly engaged in different kinds of change. Hence، Organizations have to adapt themselves with environmental changes result in various changes in contents of gobs, social grouping، social status, income, workplace, employment conditions, beliefs, values and ideas of employee. These in their turn will affect organizational health indicators, including employees spirit, team work and cooperation among them, correct planning & effectiveness. The present study has been a descriptive one, carried out in 2010. In this study, two independent organizational units both somehow affiliated with Baseej, underwent organizal changes and indicators of organizational health, before and after these changes, were assessed. The results showed that in these conditions indicators change، but the effects vary in different units depending on kind, content and methods of implementing changes. Hence it seems neccssary that after organizational changes, these indicators be assessed in order to final probable discrepancies and provide solution for correcting them.

Random sampling and performing bacteriological tests are of the most important methods for examining the bacteriological quality of food s. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriological quality of ready-to-use food s and salad s in four restaurants affiliated to a military center in Tehran.

T his cross-sectional study was carried out in 2009. 288 food and salad samples from four restaurants affiliated to a military center were cho sen randomly and examined for Total Bacterial Count, Coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella using standard methods. Results were analyzed by SPSS 15 software using descriptive statistical indices and A N OVA test.

The highest Total Bacterial Count was detected in the samples of restaurant B and the highest Coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus contamination was detected in the samples of restaurant A. 5 samples had Escherichia coli contamination, but no salmonella contamination was observed in tested samples.

Bacterial contamination in some served foods and salads of the studied restaurants is more than standard level and regular control of these restaurants along with complementary studies is essential.

Providing ideal therapeutic services and improving the hospital processes highly depends on staff’s team-work and managers’ leadership styles and leadership styles affects the effectiveness and efficiency. This study was performed with the aim of determining managers’ leadership style from staffs’ viewpoints in one of Tehran’s hospitals and its relationship with hospital indicators. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was done on 394 staffs of a hospital in Tehran who were selected by proportionate and simple random sampling method in 2009. Demographic characteristics’ questionnaire and Likert leadership style questionnaire (after confirming its validity and reliability) were used for data collection and data analysis was done by Chi-square and ANOVA tests using SPSS 16 software. 13.7% of staff state d that their managers’ leadership style was exploitative-authoritative, 56.1% benevolent-authoritative, 28.2% consultative and 2 % of them considered it participative. There was a significant relationship between leadership style of managers and BOR, ALOS, BT and BTI indicators with the significance levels of 0.003, 0.006, 0.003 and 0.002, respectively. Although choosing the authoritative leadership style from the staffs’ viewpoint is not far from mind regarding the organizational environment, use of consultative and participative leadership styles and using training methods for applications of the mentioned styles is suggested in order to improve the organizational efficiency.

Organizational changes have consequences and each organization undergoing changes should confront these consequences properly. The purpose of this study was to assess changes’ effects on organization al health indicators and its relationship with organization al effectiveness.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in 2010 on 59 military sub-officers who were selected by census sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire used in a similar study that was applied after confirming its validity and reliability. The organizational indicators were evaluated before and after the changes and their changes were assessed and the relationship between the organizational effectiveness index and organizational health indicators was evaluated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, paired T-test and Spearman correlation by SPSS 18 software.

Healthy work environment 4.7%, organizational effectiveness 6.4%, staff’s mood 6.6% and employees’ participation 16.08% showed a significant reduction (p= 0.041, 0.013, 0.003 and 0.048, respectively). Also organizatio n al effectiveness had a high and significant positive correlation with organization al health indicators.

Organizational changes may affect organizational health indicators and reduce the following indicators: staff’s mood, healthy work environment, organizational effectiveness and employees’ participation. It seems necessary to measure organizational health indicators after organizational changes and remove the shortages.

Pattern of cutaneous diseases in military centers is different from the society due to presence of predisposing factors in these centers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate and related factors of common cutaneous diseases in a non-educational military center.

In this cross-sectional study a sample of 809 persons were selected by census sampling method and examined in year 2008. Subjects with suspicious lesions were referred to laboratory. Data was analyzed using SPSS 15 by descriptive and analytical statistical methods including Chi square and logistic regression.

26.2% of the study subjects suffered from skin diseases. The disease distribution pattern was as follows: acne (8.9%), dermatitis (8.8%), pityriasis (3.1%), warts (1.9%), psoriasis (0.7%) tinea versicolor (0.7%), hair loss (0.5%), urticaria (0.4%) leishmaniosis (0.4%) burning scar (0.4%) and cutaneous tuberculosis (0.1%). The prevalence rate of cutaneous diseases was significantly different regarding the bathing frequency and residence place (p<0.05)

According to the high proportion of contagious cutaneous diseases among the observed diseases, it is strongly recommended to examine soldiers at their first entry to military centers. Periodic physical examinations in order to control the contagious cutaneous diseases are also necessary.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of important malignancies in the world and is the most frequent gastro-intestinal cancer. There is limited data on epidemiologic features and related factors of this malignancy in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic features and survival analysis of colorectal cancer and some of its related factors in Iran.

This case series descriptive study was performed on 241 colorectal cancer patients who referred to a hospital in Tehran from 2004 to 2009. Data collection was based on medical records and phone calls. Survival analyses were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression methods in order to determine the survival and compare the survival rates in subgroups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 15 software.

Mean age of participants was 59.7 ± 14.7 years, 22.4% were smoker and 24.5% had family history of CRC. Rectum cancer was the most common anatomic site of CRC and cancer grading reported well differentiation in most cases. 83.8% of study units were alive till the end of study. The mean survival time was 56.5 ± 1.9 months. The lowest and highest mean survival time were 47.7±5.8 for secum cancer and 61.1±3.2 for non smokers respectively. The highest odds ratio of survival was 2.12 (95% CI: 0.28-15.87) and belonged to patients with rectum cancer.

The mean survival time for CRC is about 5 years and depends on some risk factors. Evaluation of these risk factors seems to be necessary in lower ages.