علی بیات کشکولی

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating parallel strand lumber (PSL) made from reed waste and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) obtained from poplar wood that reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and epoxy resin.

The independent variable was LVL and PSL with FRP and their comparison control sample without FRP. The mechanical properties of the manufactured boards including bending strength (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in the width and edge of the test sample, shear strength, compression strength parallel to the grain, internal bonding and Screw Withdrawal Strengths were investigated as dependent variables. The obtained results were analyzed in the form of completely randomized design by SPSS software.

Results showed that of all of the studied mechanical properties, the use of FRP strengthened the PSL and LVL panels. For LVL, the effect of strengthening the samples with FRP was significant at the level of 1% and also for the modulus of rupture of the width and edge samples showed an increase of 93% and 59%, respectively. The value of MOE during reinforcement with FRP showed an increase of 89.6 and 132% for the width and length of the PSL samples, respectively. For LVL, the MOE value of the width and edge of the samples increased by 54 and 95.5% with reinforcement. Reinforced PSL samples have improved their shear strength by 31%, while this value is only 2.5% for LVL. in the internal bonding test, strengthening with FRP improved the internal bonding strength of the samples by 92%. Screw Withdrawal Strengths improved by 27% due to the strengthening of the test samples with FRP.

According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the use of glass fibers and epoxy resin has a significant positive effect on the mechanical resistance of PSL made of reed and LVL and it is possible to use low quality raw materials such as reed and waste poplar wood layers.

This research was conducted to enhance the strength and reduce the water absorption of gypsum board. Initially, the effect of unbleached fiber was examined, followed by an investigation into the impact of calcium carbonate modified with stearic acid, lignosulfonate, polyvinyl alcohol, corn starch, and tapioca on the flexural strength of the samples. These additives were incorporated into the plaster at varying levels to determine the most effective amount for improving the properties of the gypsum board, including bending strength, through trial and error. The compressive strength, water absorption, density, and microstructure of samples from optimal treatments were analyzed. The results revealed that stearic acid formed a coating layer on the calcium carbonate particles, reducing moisture absorption to approximately 1.1 times that of untreated fibers compared to the control samples. Furthermore, the compressive strength increased in all treatments with unbleached pulp compared to the control samples, with tapioca starch showing the most significant increase at 2.3 times that of the control samples. Electron microscope images displayed a uniform distribution of gypsum fibers and crystals, resulting in a homogeneous texture and proper connection between them. Despite falling into the low-density category (0.74 g/cm3), the optimal treatment samples exhibited higher compressive strength than the minimum standard value. The produced gypsum boards demonstrated standard resistance and appropriate water absorption.

The use of engineered wood products in the construction industry is constantly increasing due to various technical and economic reasons such as high strength-to-weight ratio, lack of restrictions in access to different dimensions, and the possibility of production using waste. I-shaped beams are one of the types of engineered wood products which Their properties can be controlled according to the design and the type of materials used in it.This study is done For the purpose of investigate the Reinforcement of I-shaped beams made with parallel strand lumber and laminated veneer lumber reinforced with glass fibers and epoxy resin. The variable factors of this research included the type of web and flange. The mechanical properties of the manufactured beams, including bending strength, modulus of elasticity, shear strength of the web, compressive strength parallel to the flange and compressive strength propertional limit of the flange were investigated and tested. The obtained results were analyzed in the form of a completely random design and Duncan's test was used to group the means. The results showed that the use of laminated lumber reinforced with glass fiber polymer in the web of beam compared with conventional laminated lumber Cause of improvement the modulus of rupture by 49.6%, the modulus of elasticity by 73.17%, the shear strength of the web by 55.55%, compressive strength parallel to the flange by 16/41% and 20.65% of the compressive strength propertional limit of the flange. Also, the use of laminated lumber reinforced with glass fiber polymer in the flanges of beams had a much better mechanical performance than conventional laminated lumber, parallel strand lumber and parallel strand lumber reinforced with glass fiber polymer.

The emission of volatile organic compounds, including formaldehyde, is one of the important and well-known disadvantages of wooden products. The aim of this study is to measure the amount of formaldehyde gas released from medium density fiber board and reduce its emission by adding a mixture of fibers and stabilizers. For this purpose, medium density fiber boards were made from the extracted residue of licorice root and two types of stabilizers. Then, using the desiccator method, the amount of formaldehyde gas released from each sample was calculated in micrograms of formaldehyde per milliliter of solution. The obtained results show that in the treatment where the mixing ratio of industrial fibers to licorice root residue fibers is 70 to 30 and urea formaldehyde glue is modified with traditional stabilizers (alum, tragacanth gum and walnut leaf extract), the lowest formaldehyde emission is measured. Also, the control treatment (100% industrial fibers and pure urea-formaldehyde glue) has the highest formaldehyde emissions. Therefore, if the waste fibers of the licorice root are combined with factory fibers and the urea formaldehyde glue is modified with traditional stabilizers of the first type (oak fruit extract, Copper sulfate, zedo gum) and the second type (walnut leaf extract, alum, tragacanth gum), the amount Formaldehyde gas emissions are reduced by more than 50%. As a result, modified treatment with traditional stabilizers is considered the most optimal type of treatment to reduce formaldehyde emission.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of heat treatment on the physical, chemical and anatomical properties of date palm tissue. After cutting the trunk of date palm, in order to choose the most optimal temperature, heat modification was done at 10 different temperatures between 120 and 210 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. In order to evaluate the changes made, microscopic examination and then standard tests of density, chemical properties and FTIR-spectroscopy were performed. Anatomical examination showed that after thermal modification at the optimal temperature (160 °C), cracks and black spots were observed in the vascular cavities. This modification leads to fundamental changes in the morphological structure of the tissue. Modification in the temperature range of 160 °C caused slight changes in the density of date palm wood. But with the increase of thermal modification at a temperature higher than that, the known amount decreased significantly. FTIR spectroscopic analysis of date palm tissue showed chemical changes after modification. The bands showed the changes in the amount of hydroxyl functional groups in cellulose and the progress of the lignin condensation reaction. Thermal modification of palm tissue improves its functional properties and can be called as an environmentally friendly modification method to make palm usable in the furniture industry.

Reinforcement of glulam beams to prevent an increase in the volume of the structural element and to reduce wood consumption is inevitable. The increased strength of these engineered products along with the limited use of other materials provides this issue. Comparing the strength of glulam beams with adhesive or screw connection was operated by making a variety of reinforcement designs. Glulam specimens of adhesives groups and screws were reinforced with straps and rebars. Prestressing was performed in one of the bolt screw treatments with an approximate amount of 5 kN. Calculations and statistical analysis show the significant effect of reinforcement designs and increase the strength of various types of adhesive beams. End holder sheets on glulam beams using steel straps play an effective role. Slip diagrams show that as the load increases, the slip increases almost uniformly. Next, the partial movement of the layers on each other is controlled by the end holder sheet and prevents the growth of the graph. However, the slip diagram of unreinforced glulam beams shows that the slip in the first part of the diagram has more growth than in the second area.

The properties of wood composite products are due to the control variables of factory machines. Identifying these sensitive places is of particular importance, because it allows the operator to be able to adjust the production line and product quality in a completely engineered way. Also, it allows operator to have a more detailed study of material and process behavior. Factory available data are including variables of moisture content of chips, chips density, density Mat, material temperature The amount of glue used in percent, the amount of glue used in kilograms, fiber moisture and press speed, and also properties of density, flexural modulus, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, board moisture and thickness swelling. The effect of input variables on each of the properties of fiberboard was determined by artificial neural network method. The results show that all of the input variables have affected on the output properties of fiberboard and the order in which the influential variables are depends on the type of properties. The effect of variables such as density Mat is almost greater than other variables. Some input variables, such as the, the amount of glue used in kilograms, have less effect on the properties of fiberboard with medium density, and this variable is considered constant in the production line of some factories. The high correlation between the prediction value and the actual value of the output and its low mean absolute percent error indicates the high validity of the prediction that have a high value of 0.9 and less than 9%, respectively.

Aesthetics has many components,the most important of which is design and color. One of the most beautiful elements in the kitchen is its cabinets.This beautiful element, in addition to its application, plays the most pivotal role in shaping the interior decoration of the kitchen with color and design.This study investigates the aesthetic effect of the design and color of wooden kitchen cabinets in its selection. The research method of this article is analytical-descriptive, survey and field.The statistical population and data collection and completion of the research questionnaire is the users and manufacturers of wooden cabinets in Ardabil province. In order to determine the effect of the independent variable of design aesthetics and color on the dependent variable of wood cabinet selection, linear regression equation has been used.The results showed that the value of multiple correlation coefficient of color aesthetics regression model in wood cabinet selection is equal to 0.941.The choice of color based on the natural texture of wood is 0.800 and most changes are dependent variables.The value of multiple correlation coefficient of the aesthetic regression model of the form is equal to 0.934.The variable of non-geometric shapes with the value of Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.679 is the first priority among the aesthetics of the design and it can also be said that there is a significant relationship between the two variables studied the study. The sign of the correlation coefficient is positive between the two variables and therefore they have a direct incremental relationship with each other.

Poplar is very important as a fast-growing species in the country's industry. So far, popular information such as level ٬ volume and harvest has been obtained using unscientific and weak methods. Due to the lack of comprehensive, up-to-date, and reliable information in the country about poplars, the study of identifying potential and actual facilities of poplar cultivation from different aspects such as area, volume, harvest, distribution, and species in four provinces (East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, Ardabil and Kermanshah) which have a great potential for poplar plantation was done. The cluster sampling method was used in two steps. The first stage was the collection of library information and semi-open interviews in the rural areas and the second stage was the field survey in the villages of these four provinces. The data obtained from the field survey were items such as poplar cultivation area, poplar stand volume, dominant species in each region, and volume estimation through volume and weight tables. The results show that the average annual harvest volume in the four studied provinces is 43156 cubic meters with the average error obtained based on the comparison between the two methods of interview and field method is 15%. The area of poplar in the four above-mentioned provinces (18039 hectares) is about 10% of the total area of ​​poplar in the country, which shows an 8% decrease in poplar in these four provinces compared with previous years.

The primary conversion of woodwork involves the sawing process is one of the most important indicators that applicating to evaluate the efficiency of wood processing companies. In today's Iranian wood industry, poplar species is play as important role in supplying primary material. Increasing efficiency with optimizing the important factors involves wooden species, machine and operators is necessary. The province of Ardebil, especially Khalkhal, is one of the important centers for poplar timber production. There are a large number of small and large workshops in the wood industry which 60 workshops were selected. In this descriptive study, survey analysis of effective indicators on the sawmills yields is based on the comparison of analysis with SPSS software units. For this purpose, Friedman test was used to rank the effective indices of sawmills in Khalkhal area. According to the results, the manpower with the average rating of 4.05 is the most important, after which the quality of timber with an average rating of 3.93 in the second rank, management with an average rating of 2.87 in the third rank, the quality of log with the average rating of 2.62 was in fourth place and finally the quality of machinery with the average rating was 1.53 in the last rank. Also, Chi-square test showed that training of manpower on the sawmills efficiency of poplar logs in workshops is very important. Efficiency of poplar sawmills is equal 71% that resulted the consideration important indicators.

In this research, urea melamine formaldehyde resin with the different ratio (90:10, 80”20 and 70:30) of sawdust and rubber waste with the ratio (100:0, 90:10, 80:20) and press temperature (160, 170 and 180 oC) sandwich panels was made. Populous layers with 2 mm thickness also were pressed on the surface of the panels. Flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding and compression parallel to the grain tests were used in accordance with the ASTM standard C393, D1037 and C364, respectively. The results of the mechanical tests were analyzed by analysis of variance and averages of groups with Duncan's multiple range test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that the temperature of 170 ° C was the best temperature in terms of mechanical properties of sandwich panels. Addition of 30% melamine formaldehyde resin increased the mechanical properties. Increasing the rubber up to 10% resulted in a maximum increase in compressive strength, flexural strength and internal bonding, and the samples without rubber increased the maximum elasticity modulus.

The glued laminated beam is one of the useful engineered wood products for building constructions. The glulam beam can be used in design of the large-scale composite structures. The main concern about using glulam beams is their resistance, stiffness, and displacement. In this paper, glulam beams with different designs were reinforced with a rebar in bottom, top or both, and their mechanical properties were investigated using four-point bending tests. The test results showed that the ultimate loads of the reinforced beams increased compared to the unreinforced ones. The increasing of the maximum loads was 22% to 49% in the glulam beams with entire layers and 11-85% in the control glulam beams. The absorption of energy in the samples reinforced at the tensile and pressure parts is higher than the specimens only reinforced at the tensile part and the control ones. The amount of MOR depended on the type of reinforcement methods, originally. The reinforced control beams had a greater loss of MOE compared to the reinforced beams with entire layers. Also reinforcing resulted in a significant increase in the ductility of the beams reinforced in the tensile and pressure areas. Consequently, this is particularly important in the designing of the earthquake resistant beams.

Wood farming and its sustainable development according to forest poverty, many environmental hazards and current climate is one of the fundamental strategies. Therefore, this study was aimed at determination and prioritization effective criteria for sustainable development of poplar wood farming in Iran by using pair comparisons method. For this purpose, after review and interviews, 25 key indicators were identified. These criteria were divided into four major groups as: economic and social issues, protection and support of farmers, planting method and infrastructure indices. Prioritize these indicators and sub-indicators whit hierarchical diagram, questionnaires and matrix of paired comparisons were done and the priority rates of these criteria were evaluated by using the Expert Choice software. The results indicated that among 25 effective sub-criteria in sustainable development of poplar wood farming in Iran, the sub-criteria of annual household livelihoods (0.162), liberation of importing and exporting of poplar wood (0.135), providing new varieties and efficient such as modified seedlings (0.093), use of potential prone areas poplar farming (0.079), guaranteed purchase of products (0.067), financial incentives and loans to poplar farmers (0.058) and investment return after the 8 to 10 years (0.049) had the highest priorities, respectively.

Wood industry creates the direct and indirect jobs, and has an added value, also requirements of Iran can be eliminated and then the trade balance is positive. The wood industry performed added value to other materials such as plastic, glasses and building materials, and also, wood products have revenues to Rial and foreign currency even without reliance on forest resources. The import, production and employment, exports and trade balance reflects the status of wood industry. The methodology of the research was analytical and descriptive, and the number of employments and productions values and also, tariffs and trade of various wood products were investigated by using the published data. Basic information is gained through library research, databases and interviews with entrepreneurs based on cluster sampling, and then quantity values of products, employment and trade calculated for each manufacturing section, province and Iran. The results of the research is showe that employments quantity of wood industry is 100513 man in 4204 firm, and furniture section has a 59026 man in 2197 firm that more than half of total employment in this industry, and the employments quantity of other sections are 41487 man in 2007 firm. In there, sections of composites doors and veneered panels have 16385 man in 685 firm and 6358 man in 250 firm, respectively. Provinces of Gilan, Tehran, Mazandaran, West Azarbaijan and Khorasan Razavi have the most employment and firm in this industry. The most of employment rate is performed at province of Gilan with 18030 man in 835 firm. Often, furniture sections of wood industry have a negative trade balance. But, some of furniture subsections are related to local technology such as inlay and woodcarving have a revenues and positive trade balance. The section of furniture with 27 man in each firm is relatively small. Production of wooden flooring has a employment rate in wood industry, only but 0.7 percent of the internal demand is produced in within country and other demend values imported. The government performed the proper import duty, a ban on exports of raw materials, the products exports with persuasive duties. In this way, wood industry has supported to creation of added value and employment, but the trade balance is negative in the most parts of the wood industry. The endemic productions and adding countries with Preferential Tariff will develop the efficient markets for Iran. The government performed the proper import duty, a ban on exports of raw materials, the products exports with persuasive duties. In this way, wood industry has supported to creation of added value and employment, but the trade balance is negative in the most parts of the wood industry. The endemic productions and adding countries with Preferential Tariff will develop the efficient markets for Iran.

In this study, compressed poplar wood was used to improve the strengths of wooden chairs. These chairs were compared to chairs made from uncompressed poplar wood. Wooden chairs were assembled with two types of traditional joints including mortise and tenon and wooden pins joints. The ultimate force was applied from the front to the back of the seat, were recorded according to American library association. The results showed that using of compressed poplar wood in manufacturing of the chairs led to a significant (95%) increase in strength properties. Compared to the chairs of raw poplar wood, strength was increased up to 57.5% and 64.12% at chairs manufacured with compressed poplar wood and joint of mortise-tenon and dowel joints, respectively. Joints of chairs made from raw poplar wood dislocated at back frames, but joint elements of chairs made with compressed poplar wood have lower move than other, and then the failure occurred at back frames. Generally, the chair made of compressed poplar wood and with mortise-tenon joint showed a highest mechanical strength. Moreover, wooden chair strength was improved by modification of wooden elements.

Light weight wood base sandwich panels have some special properties and their most important properties is high mechanical strength with its light weight. These panels can replace instead of traditional structural systems in Iran. The purpose of this paper is investigating the mechanical properties of light weight wood base sandwich panels that have made from sunflower stalk wastes and particles of poplar layers. So, Melamine Urea formaldehyde resin with ratio of (20:80, 35:65, 50:50), particles of sunflower stalk and poplar layers wastes with composition ratio of (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) and poplar layer with 1.8 millimeter was made for surfaces of panel and manufactured in one step press. Mechanical test such as modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, compression parallel to board plane were made according to ASTM standards. Results of tests were analyzed through the analysis of variance and classification of averages according with Duncan method tests with reliability of 95 percent was made. As a result, the mechanical strengths improve with increasing of melamine-urea formaldehyde ratio. Panels with pure sunflower and poplar obtain respectively the highest bending strength 19 and 25 MPa, modulus of elasticity 6003 and 8004 MPa and internal bond 0.31 and 0.43 MPa. In conjunction with the parallel pressure resistance, sandwich panels with a core of pure sunflower stalks with 6.9 MPa was the most resistant. Also strengths have reduced with increasing the sunflower stalks ratio to particles of poplar layers in core layers.

Trader countries of forest products have well profit. Commonly, these are developed countries that use the natural forest and tree plantation. One of the principles of trade effective is following; identification the effect of trade index such as price of export and import and also quantity of product, import and export on each others. Therefore, the basic of questions as fallow: how is the effect of some trades variables on each others? Since, econometric methods such as Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Impulse Response Functions (IRF) were used. VAR results were showed that mostly, the effect of price of export and import on the prices, quantity of import, export and product are significant in world forest products particularly; fiberboard and sawn-wood. IRF results were showed that the shocks effect of quantity of import on the quantity of export and product are divergent in wood based panel and fiberboard and also, the effects were confirmed by VAR. The increased production of fiberboard is showed in production of medium density fiberboard (MDF) Iran. Convergence of variables effects and the lack of significant variables effects on the each others could be because of production and import of forest products is required for resolve local needs.

This research with aim of evaluation the effect of chemical treatment of wood flour on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene-nano SiO2 hybrid nanocomposite were done. For this purpose, wood flour with sodium hydroxide and benzyl chloride to chemically treatment. For ensure the chemical treatment, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests was done on the treated and untreated wood flour. Wood flour at 60% weight ratio with polypropylene with 4% maleic anhydrate grafted polypropylene coupling agent in extrusion were mixed. Also Nano SiO2 with 0, 1, 3 and 5% as filler was used. The sample specimen were manufactured by using injection molding techniques. Then mechanical tests such as bending resistance and modulus and physical tests such as water absorption and thickness swelling according to the ASTM standard was done on the samples. Also for morphological investigation on the Nano composites from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used. Results showed that the bending resistance and modulus increased with effect of chemical treatment but water absorption and thickness swelling decreased. With increase of Nano SiO2 to 3% the mechanical properties increased but adding further amount Nano particles reduced the mechanical properties. With increase of SiO2 Nano particles to 5% the water absorption in Nano composites were increased, but thickness swelling was decrease. The results of SEM showed an improvement in interface between filler and matrix with effect of chemical treatment Also transmittance of Nano SiO2 to 3% levels was good.

This study with aim of investigation the effect of Nano SiO2 on the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of hybrid Nano composite from polypropylene-wood flour was done. For this purpose, wood flour at 60% weight ratio with polypropylene in extrusion were mixed and Nano SiO2 with 0, 1, 3 and 5% as variable agent were used. Also 4% of MAPP in all compounds as a coupling agent was used. Then Nano composites were manufactured by using injection molding techniques. Then mechanical tests such as tensile and bending and physical tests such as water absorption and thickness swelling in short time according to the ASTM standard was done on the samples. Also To determine how to dispersion of nanoparticles in polymeric matrix was used of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results showed that increase of SiO2 Nano particles, has positive effect on the mechanical properties and caused the improve them. With Increase in the amount of SiO2 Nano particles the water absorption in Nano composites were increased, but this process for thickness swelling was decrease.

Swelling percent is a very important physical property of the final product. Swelling test is timely and needed to cost. Therefore، swelling prediction of particleboard in production during can operate of the process line and consistent quality of production. In this research، variables such as moisture content of particle، the amount of adhesive، press time، press temperature، press pressure and swelling properties of particleboard were collected from Debalkhazae mill. The normalized data was analyzed by artificial neural network and fuzzy systems. Also، swelling percent was predicted by optimal model. The best model of swelling prediction is 5-5 basis of artificial neural networks، and the best function of fuzzy systems is Z-shaped curve membership function. Means absolute percent errors of the predictions are equal 5 and 22 percent، respectively. ANN method has better performance compared with fuzzy systems.

Small diameter timbers have many used in wood and paper industries such as; veneer and plywood, furniture industry, wood working and their particle for papermaking and particleboard. Diameter of small diameter poplar is between 15 to 35 cm and poplar trees are planted in excess of 23 provinces of Iran. Small diameter poplar are visual graded to lumber of sawmill. Since, small diameter poplars are graded on the basis of traditional rules of grading and then outputs of timber production are investigated by standard rules of lumber. Experimental results are showed that small diameter poplar and their timber production have more firsts and selects of grades than others grades on the basis of national grading of Iran (1275 and 8073), United State Forest Service and National Hardwood Lumber Association. Defects such as frost cracks in small diameter poplar and core in poplar timber are influence onto application usage and ranges of grades scales and effective defects are determined by average measured of defects, national standard rules and field research. Also, their application usages are very sensitive to the effective defects, in the practical condition.

In paper making process، different variables are measured to improve the product runnability. These variables affect the paper properties. The main question is، which one of these variables is the most effective variable on the newsprint tear strength in MD? Therefore، 145 variables of online data from 2009 to 2011 periods were chosen by modeling methods of liner regression and modeling of Gamma Test (GT)، M-Test (MT)، Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). 7 variables were selected on the base of liner regression of stepwise and then ANN models were created on the basis of these variables. Selected variables were as following; 1. Machine Cons. including additives and stock، 2. Slice open headbox، 3. Rush/Drug-wire، 4. No. 8-Vacuum pumps، 5. No. 10-Vacuum pumps، 6. Press 4-clothing tension، 7. Fan output-Heat recovery1. Generally، results of GT، MT and GA were showed that all of 7 variables have been the most effective on the newsprint tear strength. The best model of BFGS neural network has shown that mean absolute percent error and the correlation coefficient are equal 0. 011% and 0. 97، respectively.

Trend of product point of wood and paper products is showing economic status of wood and paper industry and future situation prediction of these products is essential. Two methods of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) were compared and monthly product point was forecasted for 2011. Performance evaluation criteria and MAPE was measured. Our results show that MAPE is low، especially in the ARIMA method، but predicted inflation rate of ARIMA is the same of past periods (2002 to 2010) and also، predicted inflation rate of ANN is similar to target periods. Approximately، the same product point is predicted by both methods and product point will increase، inconsequentially. But the monthly time series data of both product points are non stationary from 2002 to 2010. So probably، economics shocks as the subsidies scheme will affect product point and this subject will cause of upward product point.

The MOE and MOR are controlled by production variables of particleboard process. Now، the basic question is which of the particleboard variables is effective on bending strength property? 13 variables of internal scientific resources were measured with 100 repeats. The study steps include the following; liner regression or stepwise، Genetic algorithm، and Artificial Neural Network. The number of effective variables was selected from the output of the stepwise procedure and then modeling of these variables using WinGamma and Mathlab. The number of effective variables in the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture are equal to 10 and 9، respectively. As the results of Gamma test shows، effective variables of bending strength are as following: 1. Type of wooden raw material، 2. specific gravity of raw material by simple averaging، 3. specific gravity of raw material by weighted averaging، 4. UF percent، 5. particleboard density، 6،7، and 8. Time، tempreture، and pressure of press. In the other hand، particleboard thickness of MOR and also، percent mixture of wood and non-wood lignocellulosic materials and NH4CL percent for MOE are important. Results of Genetic algorithm and Neural Network were showed that some variables can be kept constant and particleboard properties are controlled by these effective variables، but specific gravity of raw material by weighted averaging for MOR and UF percent of MOE have the strongest effect. Result of BFGS Neural Network has shown that mean absolute percent error of MOR and MOE are equal 5. 644% and 4. 91%، respectively.

Flotting paper is applied for carton as intermediate product. The amount of carton consumption is a function of many different goods production. since the goods is needed to packaging، the amount of carton consuming is increasing generally. the huge potential of consumption of this product and the lack of applied studies increase the importance of determination of effective criteria for selection of optimum location for the factory. So، 31 indexes has been determined through of library references، interview with experts and industry owners. The importance level of these criteria and sub-branches are determined with AHP and Group Decision Making. Its concluded that supply of raw materials and products and economical criteria have the highest weight value. So the branch criteria such as cost of residuals supply، sources and the supply amount of residuals have the highest preferences for selection of suitable site for flotting paper factory of agriculture residuals with weight value as 0. 094، 0. 085، 0. 069، 0. 066.