علی جانفزا

The Infallibles (Masūmūn) as clarifying the revelation of the noble Quran are responsible to acquaint the followers of the glorious Islam with necessities and prohibitions of life (living). Man as a social being is inevitable to create relationship with their fellow creatures and for this regard if he wants to have an effective relationship with their fellow creatures he must apply some effective factors and avoiding from some parts of hindrances. This note with aim to extract and sort some of obstacles and hindrances of effective relationship in speeches and behaviors of Imam Reza (peace be upon Him) has been codified. These hindrances can be seen not only in his moral (ethic) traditions (ahadith) but also in different chapters of his traditions (aha). Variousness of these tree periods in his Imamate (imāmah)) and specific look to his traditions (ahadith) from the viewpoint of relationship can be a pattern for behavioral method of the managers and also all interested people to the family of Ahl al-Bayt (the people of the House of the prophet Muhammad). The hindrances are sorted in two general inward and outward groups. This paper is arranged in library method. Schematically the hindrances are: evil, the inciting nafs (an-nafs al-ammārah), contempt, jealousy, lies, miserliness (niggardliness, being pride, false accusation, hostility, aggression, fear and obscenity. Excessive joking, argument, insulting, anger, quarreling, limiting relationship, negligence (inattention) to the feelings of his partner, differences in facing (relationship), companion with wicked persons, inappropriate non-verbal messages, excessive admiration (adulation) of addressee and excessive advices are of other hindrances of relationship which we have found in traditions (ahadith) of Imam Reza (peace be upon Him).

Impeccable Imams (AS) as those who are in charge of explaining revelation, have communicated in an effective way in speech and behavior with their audiences. Surveying their traditions, we can inferand classify these methods in different situations of communicating messages. The purpose of this paper is to extract and classify some behavioral factors of effective communications in the speech and conduct of Imam Reza (AS). These factors not only can be found in moral chapters of traditions of Imam Reza(AS) but also in all other chapters. It is emphasized that the era of leadership of Imam Reza (AS) especially with the variety of the three different eras and variety of audiences can be as an example for the behavior of authorities. In this article which is written in the library style, several factors such as the use of non-verbal cues, transfer the indirect message, courtesy and mutual respect, company, harmony of word and deed, tactfulness in deed, speaking and silence and close communication can be noted. Company, preparing background for main message, the priority of the situation and classifying communication are other Behavioral factors in Razavi traditions.

As those clarifying the divine revelation, Infallible Imams (AS) have been tending to communicate to the audience in an influential manner, both in sayings and doings. The communication methods can be deduced and categorized by studying their hadiths. This article aims to deduce and categorize some of the factors and internal infrastructures for effective communication in Imam Reza’s sayings and deeds. The factors can be found in his various hadith subjects, not merely in hadiths on manners. It is noted that the age of Imam Reza’s Imamate, especially being in three different situations with their own different audiences, can be an example for leaders’ behavior in our age. Under a few subtitles, the article takes elements such as faith and trust in God, creating spiritual and inner preparedness to communicate with the audience, and intention as infrastructures for communication. Then we dealt with getting previous knowledge and information which includes sub-categories. Some infrastructures are internal, arising from each person’s characteristics, while some others can be obtained through positive thinking, considering values, creating confidence, saying good words, active listening and appropriate use of blame and anger.

Infallibles (Masūmān) as interpreting the words of the revelation employ methods in their speech and conducts to transmit the concept of the religious training. with the examination of their traditions, these methods can be obtained and grouped in the different situations of the transmitting messages. The purpose of codifying this writing is to take and group some of these methods of transmit ion of training concepts according to the words and conducts of Imam Reza (p.b.u.h) with respect to this point that these methods have been mentioned in the different chapters of the imam's traditions. This point should be emphasized that the period of his Imamah (shii doctrine) specially three different periods and consequently different listeners can be a pattern for the manner of contemporary managers. This note aims to point out the methods such as supplications (duaa), using poet media and arguing method and also questions and answerswithlisteners. There are points in his manner which help this effective transmission like recommendations for prevention from excess and a few in people manner, recommendations for determining the relations to Shiites,patience in the relations in order to complete this process, imam's attention to the level of the listener's perception and clarifying gradual data to them.