علی ملک زاده

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of emotion management training on teachers' ineffective attitudes and job burnout. The method of this research is semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population in this research was all the teachers of primary schools in Kermanshah city in 1402. Among the primary school teachers, 30 people were divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) using the available sampling method. ) were chosen. The tools used in this research were Jung's Ineffective Attitudes Questionnaire (1990) and Meslash's Job Burnout Questionnaire (1981). The results of the research showed that emotion management training has reduced the ineffective attitudes of the experimental group teachers compared to the average of the control group. The effect of ineffective attitudes in the field of disconnection and rejection is equal to 0.46, ineffective attitudes in the field of impaired self-management is equal to 0.38, ineffective attitudes in the field of impaired limitation is equal to 0.45, ineffective attitudes in the field of other-orientation Equal to 0.33, ineffective attitudes in the field of eavesdropping is equal to 0.41. Also, the emotion management training, according to the average burnout of the teachers of the experimental group in the post-test compared to the average of couples in the control group, has reduced the burnout of the experimental group. The effect of job burnout was 0.39.

Decades of environmental conservation experience have shown that Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of human society is an essential part of conservation. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the KAP of Mashhad citizens towards biodiversity and related factors. This research was conducted with a mixed quantitative and qualitative method. The statistical population of the study, using Cochran's formula, 384 samples of people over 15 years old living in different areas of Mashhad, was determined based on clustering. The data collection tool was a localized EU questionnaire whose validity and reliability were 0.73 for 5 items of variable attitude, 0.77 for 7 items of variable and 0.71 of 5 items of variable behaviour. Descriptive statistics and results from Exell2016 and SPSS16.0 software as well as distribution and frequency tables and related graphs were applied to describe the data. SPSS16.0, t-test, test hypotheses from t-test, variance analysis and Spearman correlation test were applied to analyse the data and hypothesis test. The results showed that less than a third of people had heard of the biodiversity term. University education contributes to the improvement of the term biodiversity. There is also a significant relationship among the variables of gender, income and education's type of citizens' attitudes toward biodiversity. In addition, there is a positive and significant correlation between environmental knowledge and attitude. In fact, with the increase in the level of knowledge, the attitude of citizens towards biodiversity has been raised to a higher level. As a result, their behaviours are directed towards the protection of the environment. There is also a significant difference between the KAP of citizens living in different areas. Finally, by analysing the biodiversity profile in the KAP of Mashhad citizens and referring to the Delphi panel, a conceptual model of the research was presented.

Knowing human being and his relation to Allah is the key mystical issue in Hinduism and Islamic mysticism. “Atman and Brahman” in Vedanta and “Allah and soul” in Sadra’s transcendent theosophy and their graded stages are among the concepts to be studied in the course of explanation of such a relation. In addition to those factors, the constituents of intuitive or higher knowledge and self-knowledge in Allah-man unification play a major role which is explained and interpreted by the commentators of both transcendent theosophy and Vedanta school. In their research here, the authors have tried to explain those common factors and to study the obstacles of acquiring true knowledge and self-knowledge. Knowing those factors is the prerequisite to achieve that noble and lofty aim. From among common obstacles of acquiring such knowledge are: reliance on exoteric and sensory knowledge, bodily actions, wishes, and material belongings. In these two schools, the aim of such subjective and esoteric journey takes its meaning through different stages of the soul from the exoteric stages to the esoteric ones, and to the union with divine stages. Having referred to the Hindu texts particularly Upanishads and Sadra’s works, we have tried to examine the issue by a descriptive-analytic method .

Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the present paper studies the views adopted by the Shiite and Bahaism about the "the Return". The idea of "the return" is one of the ideological issues in Shiite culture, and many traditional and rational proofs have been offered to support it. In Shiite culture and according to Quranic verses and traditions, "the Return" strictly means the return the life of a number of dead people when Imam Mahdi reappers; some from among the sincre and pure to help him and some from among the enemies to receive punishment in return for there crimes.However, the straying sect of Bahaism, which attempt to introduce itself as a new religion, does not accept the Shiite view of the Return and interprets the Quranic verses according to its own view. Baha’ism holds that some of the characteristics of the bygone prophets and saints will return to the prophet who will come later.

Individual originality usually is utilized along with society originality including many meanings; one of those concepts used about this word is the status of being reality for something called origin, and the other one regarded as its subsidiary. Since human is considered as being called animal capable of talking, as a being possessing wisdom and will, and deciding through thought and wisdom in order to live, historical and ancient findings show prove that human initially possesses social life which is due to more wellbeing and security but occasionally social life has bought him/her many limitations that has been faced with two theories of sociologists, i.e. individualism and socialism. Since Imam Ali ideology originated by Islam and in Islam it is the individual addressed by God, and he/she should precisely apply God's commands in his/her individual or social life, thus society and individual position is discussed in the political ideology of Imam Ali concluding that though society plays a special role in this theory, in His vision, any individual possesses originality since it is because of individuals that form a society and it is his/her request resulting in different traits in the various societies.

Cities are increasingly aware that they need to take a proactive role in making their local economy competitive and in improving the quality of life for all residents. Experience in developed countries indicates that local government economic and social development efforts are more successful if guided by a strategic process. In between visioning as a heart of strategic process and as a strategic thinking before strategic planning is important in planning for urban development.

This paper followed two principal goals: first purpose is to provide community residents with a process for thinking about and planning for their shared future. The second purpose is guides a community through the process of arriving at a shared vision for urban development planning and an action plan that supports and leads the Maragheh toward its goals.

The methodology is practical at the purpose of research and descriptive- analytic at the course of research. Responder for this study was 305 citizens, 62 elites (in one of two focus groups) and 36 city authorities. A nonrandom selection process was used to obtain focus groups and city authorities and random selection for citizen.

It combines input from citizen, focus groups and city authorities to positively influence urban development planning initiatives. This process result will culminated in the creation of a vision that will guide urban development and invigorate city’s action plan.

The necessity of improving academic and higher education quality, particularly in Medical Sciences Universities and increasing the efficiency of Health care and Remedy programs are obvious. Medical Educational Development Centers try to achieve their goals in the areas of curriculum planning, teacher training, continuing education, evaluation and research in education. The aim of this study was to investigate the views of the faculty members of Kerman Medical Sciences University about the activities of Medical Educational development center. This cross-sectional study carried out in 2003. The sample consisted of the faculty members of Kerman Medical Sciences University (N=307) of which about half (n=145) were selected by simple random sampling. Data were gathered through a researcher – made questionnaire that rated by experts for validity and computed internal consistency reliability with cronbach’ alpha coefficient of (r=0.79). According to the results, the most accepted activities of the center were “Designing and carrying out clinical skills educational programs for medical students” (96.6%), “active participation in the revision of medical educational programs” (93.1%), “cooperation with educational departments in designing lesson plans based on new materials and resources” and “Holding educational workshops for the familiarization of the faculty members with new medical softwares and their applications” (each 92.4%). While the least accepted activities were providing “facility for lectures”, “access to resources, gathering and symposiums on medical education” and “taking advantage of the experienced instructors in designing programs for the center” (each 61.4%), “participation in the evaluation of research projects and dissertations” and “helping the medical society to have a better understanding of the changing medical needs of the community” (each 67%). In whole by obtaining 78.7% of the total score, the faculty members showed a relatively positive view towards current activities of the center. From all subjects, 87.5% showed tendency for participating in the activities of the center. The positive view of the faculty members towards current activities of the center is a turning point in further expansion of the center and establishing the same units in all colleges to improve medical education goals.