علی ندائی

One of the reasons for patients' resistance and the poor effectiveness of treatment approaches is the comorbidity of depression and anxiety disorder. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" on difficulties in emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty and thought fusion in people suffering from comorbid depression and anxiety.

The present research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all the people who had referred to psychological centers in Isfahan city with comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety in 2019. The samples were selected by convenience method from the counseling center of the 5th and 7th regions of Isfahan city. After passing a clinical interview according to DSM-5 and completing the "Beck Depression Inventory, Version 2" and "Beck Anxiety Inventory", finally, 32 people were eligible for the study. The samples were randomly assigned to intervention (16 people) and control (16 people) groups. Data collection was Done with demographic questionnaire, "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale", "Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale" and "Thought Fusion Instrument". Content validity and face validity were measured by qualitative method and reliability was also measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" was implemented for 10 sessions of 90 minutes for the intervention group and the control group was on the waiting list. The data was analyzed with SPSS .21.

“Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy” in the intervention group caused a significant improvement in the intolerance of uncertainty, difficulties in regulating emotions and mixing thoughts in the post-exam stage. However, the effectiveness of “Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy” was stable only on the uncertainty intolerance variable until the follow-up stage (P<0.05).

The effect of "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" has shown more lasting changes on the uncertainty intolerance variable than other variables. Considering the negative prognosis and the high complexity of  comorbid depression and anxiety, it is suggested that this intervention be combined and strengthened with complementary therapy for the long-term effectiveness of this intervention on other correlates of this disorder.

Patients with depression and comorbid anxiety experience more complicated and higher levels of psychological harm than the ones without comorbidity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on the intolerance of uncertainty and the difficulty of emotion regulation in people suffering from comorbid depression and anxiety.

This study was a quasi-experimental research, applying a pre-test and post-test control group design. After interviewing a group of patients with depression and comorbid anxiety who attended counseling centers in Isfahan in 2019, 32 women participants were chosen. Then they were randomly assigned to two groups, including an experimental group and a control group. Each group consisted of 16 participants. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (1994) and the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (2004) were used as the instruments of the study. The experimental group went through emotional schema therapy, which lasted for ten 90-minute sessions. The data analysis was performed through repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test, using SPSS-22.

The results of the study indicated that emotional schema therapy had a significant effect on uncertainty intolerance and emotion regulation difficulty in both intra- and inter-group status (P<0.01). The effect of this intervention lasted until the follow-up session. The effect size for uncertainty intolerance and emotion regulation difficulty were 0.324 and 0.430 respectively (P<0.01).

Emotional schema therapy as a unified treatment can improve trans-diagnostic factors of depression and comorbid anxiety. If proven in various studies in terms of applicability, this intervention can be pioneering in the treatment of depression and comorbid anxiety.

Considering the nature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the military profession, challenges in the effectiveness of psychological interventions on the symptoms of the disorder and sustainable recovery have been reported among the military population. The present research aims to identify effective psychological interventions for PTSD symptoms and compare their effectiveness as first-line therapy (trauma-focused) and second-line therapy (non-trauma-focused).

The systematic review method has been performed in the present research. Related studies from 2010-2022 were reviewed and 41 qualifying studies were selected. The database included Elmnet, Magiran, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, PsycINFO, and SID.

Focused first-line interventions included therapies based on mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral, long-term exposure, cognitive processing, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), which were applied in clinical trials. Other non-trauma-focused therapies had a significant effect on improving PTSD symptoms compared to the wait group. The risk of bias was low in clinical trials and higher in non-trauma-focused therapies. Nevertheless, when the conventional therapies and second-line therapies were performed on the control group, the effectiveness was often equal or with insignificant differences. Including continuous and intensive individual, written, online, and home-based sessions, particularly the integration of non-trauma-focused therapies played a special part in the effectiveness of interventions and reducing the dropout rate.

The first-line interventions to treat PTSD also have their pros and cons. Changes can be made to resolve these challenges, including the homogenization of subjects, shorter intervals between sessions, integration of the conventional and non-trauma focused therapies, using writing tools and smart phones, personalized interventions, and trust in second-line therapies in terms of clinical trials

The military structure of military occupations in comparison with civilian occupations puts employees in a variety of stressful situations related to the work, family, and organizational environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and stressful sources of militarism in a group of military personnel.

The present research method was descriptive with a cross-sectional design. The sample studied in this study was 300 active military personnel who were selected by the available sampling method. The instrument used in this study was the scale of Azad and Nedaei's (2020) Military Stress Factors Scale. The research questions were answered through statistical methods of frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation, and t-test.

The results showed that 61.3% of employees are moderately stressed and 19% of them are exposed to severe stress. Also, the result of the t-test indicates a significant difference between the mean stress of the sample group and the mean of the population.

Significant military stressors are ongoing among employees that endanger their mental health. Systematic interventions should be provided to prevent the aggravation of stressors and reduce stress among employees.

This study was aimed to investigate significant contribution of coping strategies by mediated emotion regulation cognitive styles in college student's quality of life.
The present research method was correlational .Statistical population was included all undergraduate and graduate students of Isfahan University in second semester of 2013-2014 academic years. Participants also were 340 male and female students that were selected by multistage cluster sampling method among 13 Faculties. Tools were Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Way of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ) and World health organization Quality of Life brief scale (WHO-QOL-BREF1). The data were analyzed by path analysis and structural equation modeling.
The findings showed that: a)Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies mediated by cognitive emotion regulation styles were considered powerful predictor and meaningful of quality of life for students. Standardized effects of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation styles on student's quality of life were significant. B) There was no significant relationshipbetween emotion based coping strategies and quality of lifeand problem-focusedcoping strategiesand quality of lifehavestatisticallysignificant relationship. C)Positive and negative style of cognitive emotion regulation showed significant relationshipwith quality of life.
Despite all the limitations which individuals were experienced in college, enhancement of emotional competence and skills could be possible through training in proper emotion regulation in form of authentic training packages of cognitive - behavioral style and styles of problem-focused coping with demands and constraints of environmental stresses to enrich quality of life of this influential segment of society.

The aim of this intervention study was to investigate the effect of emotional self-regulation based on communication patterns of couples in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest in two groups with a control group. The population included all couples having communication difficulties within 25-50 age range in 2013. The sample consisted of 18 couples and was selected by sampling method. Then, couples were randomly assigned to two groups: control (9 couples) and experimental (9 couples). Members of both groups took part in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up and completed Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Christiansen, 1984). Data were analyzed using multivariate variance analysis. The results showed that emotional self-regulation based intervention had a significant effect (P

No one can ignore the irreversible consequences of the accidents. It is one of the social threats that decimate people time to time. Corresponding organizations attempt to improve and reduce the rates of the accidents. For this aim, having an efficient and reliable predictive model may lead to making suitable decisions for reducing the accident rates. The current research addresses a predictive model for road accidents in Iran using a well-known classification technique, namely support vector machine with multiple error rate. Numerical experiments affirm the superiority of the proposed method and leads to some extracted rules for reducing the rates of the accidents.