علیرضا بخشی زاده

The effect of supporter celebrity credibility on mall success will be discussed through mediator role of the brand credibility. This study is an applied research from the purpose perspective and is descriptive based on its data collection method. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's Alpha were used. In addition to completely browsing the literature and by selecting the statistical sample members using of available sample method, researchers have evaluated the research hypotheses by using of structural equation modeling (SEM) and regression methods. The sample members are selected among Almas Mall customers and clients in Tehran that identify this mall by Ali Daei. The results showed that supporter celebrities’ credibility has a significant positive effect on the mall success and credibility of malls. Brand credibility also has a positive significant effect on mall success. Finally the findings showed that brand credibility has a positive mediator role in the relationship between supporter celebrity credibility and mall success

This paper presents a model to explain the role of the welfare of shopping customers is conducted on the success of commercial complexes in the country. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. Moreover, to assess the validity of the study, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) was first calculated and the composite reliability (CR) was then applied to determine the reliability. Therefore, first the researchers reviewed the research literature, then, statistical sample of the population who were the customers of five commercial complexes in Tehran, were selected and the research hypotheses were tested using structural equations and regressions. The findings indicate a significant impact of variables of Functionality, ease of shopping and entertainment on shopping welfare and significant impact of variableof shopping welfare on complex commercial success, but the impact of the variables of Security and self-congruity on shopping welfare are not approved.

The purpose of the present research work was to explain the role of spirituality and transformational leadership on employee’s empowerment in theMinistry of Sport and Youth in Iran. Furthermore, the role of organizational citizenship behavior in moderating the relationship between these variables was evaluated.
The present study was considered as descriptive-correlation. The studied population included all employees of this ministry, out of which, 270 were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Validity of each part was estimated via the Cronbach’s Alpha method. Through analysis of construct validity, its validity was confirmed.
The results of path analysis showed the significant impacts of spirituality and transformational leadership on employee’s empowerment (R2 = 0.72). Likewise, the impacts of spirituality and transformational leadership on the organizational citizenship behavior (R2 = 0.53) as well as moderating the relationship between these variables were confirmed.
According to the research findings, should be followed spirituality, organizational citizenship behavior and development of transformational leadership style for the improvement of empowerment.

Outdoor advertising is one of the newest and the most important growing approaches to promote a brand in today's urban environmental graphics. Regarding the effectiveness of outdoor advertising compared to other types of advertising, it can play an important role in improving brand awareness and brand preference in the audiences and customer's minds and ultimately in brand loyalty. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. Moreover, to assess the validity of the study, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) was first calculated and the composite reliability (CR) was then applied to determine the reliability the researchers reviewed the research literature, then, statistical sample of The population of this research is composed of customers and clients of Palladium Mall in Tehran that were exposed to environmental advertising of this Mall were selected and the research hypotheses were tested using structural equations and regressions. The results showed that the visual aspects of outdoor advertising, including brand, logo, typography, color and outdoor advertising slogans have significant positive effect on brand awareness and brand preference. Also, commercial complex brand awareness and brand preferences have a significant effect on brand loyalty.

In order to improve customer attitude and loyalty the key elements and beliefs affecting on customer attitudes toward TV advertising must be recognized, so that for planning, they will be considered. Given the importance of this issue this research was conducted. The study aimed to evaluate the key beliefs influencing customer attitudes toward TV advertising and its impact on their loyalty to the commercial complexes in the country. This study is an applied research, and is descriptive in the term of data collection way. A questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Researchers after reviewing the theoretical foundations and sampling from a population of commercial complexes practitioners in Tehran evaluated the hypotheses using structural equation modeling (SEM) and regression. The findings suggested a significant influence of variables entertainment, being credible and repeated ad. On customer attitudes toward TV advertising and the variable TV advertisement on customer loyalty. But the impact of variables consisting benefit, time pressure, and harassment on customer attitudes toward television advertisement not confirmed.

In recent years, the construction of shopping malls is rising across the country. But only some of them were successful to accommodate a large number of visitors while the other ones are constantly changing the commercial units’ use. while the decline in demand for commercial units in form of multi-purpose complexes as well as the country recession have aroused this situation. Therefore, in this research proposed qualitative model for the shopping malls’ success is tested. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. The sample members were selected among the customers of five malls in Tehran, and the model dimensions and their relationships are tested based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate a significant impact of the variable of causal conditions on the process of achieving success model in shopping malls. Also, the study results indicate that the variables of intervening conditions and context conditions affect on the variable of strategies and related actions and this variable has impact on the variable of consequences.

The main aim of this paper is to present a new model in order to identify and investigate the role of commercial complexes and parameters affecting success. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. Moreover, to assess the validity of the study, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) was first calculated and the composite reliability (CR) was then applied to determine the reliability. Sample of 386 customers of five Successful commercial complexes in Tehran was selected. Also, Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and two software packages "SPSS and LISREL" are used for analyzing the data. The findings indicate a significant impact of variables of commercial complex physical environment and desire to stay in commercial complex on Their success and the effects of this variable on customer’s loyalty, but the impact of the variable of customer’s sensation on commercial complex success is not approved.

This study with aim of investigation and identification of most important determinant criteria in significant distributors selecting by retailer customers did in Iran steel market and Arvin steel distributor selected as case of study. This research is of survey type and for data collect, a questionnaire was developed from various sources in the literature, used. Sample of 107 customers of Arvin steel distributor in Tehran city was selected. Also, Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and two software package "SPSS and LISREL" are used for analyzing the data. in total, nine variable "managerial capability", "marketing capability", "relationship intensity", "logistics capability", "financial capability", "physical facilities", "market cover", "product line" and "reputation" of distributor identified as main determinant factors in distributor selecting. Study findings show that the effect of "managerial capability", "marketing capability", "Relationship intensity", "Logistics capability", "financial capability", "Physical facilities", "Market cover" and "reputation" on distributor choice were statistically significant.

The presence of organizations in highly competitive environments, requires managers to make empower most important competitive source themselves -namely, human resources-. Empowerment includes psychological and structural empowerment dimensions. The present study is a survey research that uses two-part questionnaire to collect data. This survey questionnaire contains 28 items (including 16 psychological, 12 structural empowerment) measuring two dimensions of empowerment. Validity of each part is estimated via Cronbach’s Alpha method and results in above 0.7. Through the analysis of construct validity, its validity was confirmed. To achieve research aims, a sample consisting of 319 staff members of an automotive manufacturer in Tehran (SAIPA) were selected. To analyze data and to test hypotheses, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as well as LISREL and SPSS software packages were used. Research findings revealed significant impacts of employees psychological on their structural empowerment. Likewise, the impacts of psychological empowerment Dimensions (including meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact) on structural empowerment Dimensions (including Delegation, sharing of information, participation in decision-making and control) is also significant and Hypotheses were accepted.

The costs of retaining an existing customer are one fifth of the costs of acquiring a new customer for a firm. This statement is considered as a predominant notion in marketing. According to this notion, existing customers switching of a firm leads to create lots of costs for that firm. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with the aim of finding the causes of the switching intentions and influential factors on the customers switching intentions in Iran Banking Industry.
This study is a descriptive-survey research carried out on Iran Banking Industry. 397 customers from five selected banks in Tehran were chosen for this research. In order to examine and analyze the [R1] data, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) have been used.
“Satisfaction”, “trust”, “loyalty” and “switching barriers” are considered as the main factors weakening “switching intention”. The findings confirmed that the variables of satisfaction, trust and loyalty have significant negative impacts on the switching intention, but the impact of the switching barriers on the switching intention in Iran banking was not significant. The present research has been conducted only on banking services industry and only in Tehran which reduces the generalizing effect of the study. Moreover, quantitative analysis methods were used in order to evaluate the subjective factors such as customer switching behavior.

Today، using counterfeits is remarkably common in clothing industry. On this basis، present paper is conducted in clothing industry at Tehran due to the impact of counterfeit on brand equity of original products’. It is a descriptive research. To achieve research aims، a sample consisting of 384 consumers in Tehran who bought counterfeits deliberately were selected. To analyze data and to test hypotheses، Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as well as LISREL and SPSS software packages were used. By studying existing literature، six variable including personal gratification، value averseness، price-quality perception، ethical issues، subjective norm and perceived risk were considered as affecting factors on customers’ attitude on counterfeits. To measure brand equity، four aspects of Aaker’s aspects (perceived quality، brand consciousness، brand association and brand loyalty) were used. Research findings indicate that personal gratification، value averseness، price–quality perception and perceived risk have a significant impact on attitudes towards counterfeits. Likewise، the impact of counterfeits on Brand Equity of Original products is also significant.

Bankruptcy is a challenge that, many companies are faced with. Therefore the analysis of bankruptcy is too important, especially for investors. Accordingly, the present study aims to use of two techniques of DEA–Additive analysis and Discriminant analysis in order to analysis and assessment of bankruptcy of the companies which are listed on Tehran Stock Exchange.
The study is descriptive- application and to assess the models of bankruptcy analysis, 110 companies listed on the stock exchange have been considered as statistical population and the DEA-Additive model and Discriminant Analysis model are used to bankruptcy analysis.
The study showed that the Discriminant Analysis model was 50% accurate in predicting the bankrupt companies and 72% accurate in predicting the successful companies while the DEA-Additive model was 64% accurate in predicting the bankrupt companies and 87% accurate in predicting the successful companies, so in total the DEA-Additive model is more accurate than the Discriminant Analysis model in the bankruptcy analysis, and therefore it is preferred.

One of the newest platform for advertising grown highly now is advertising through sport especially football as one of the most popular athletic fields. Regarding such importance, present study is conducted with three aims in telecommunication service industry. The first aim of this research is to identify beliefs which shape audiences’ attitudes on advertising through sport especially football. The second aim is that this research evaluates the impact of those identified beliefs which shape an attitude on football advertising on a general attitude on advertising. The ultimate aim is to study the impact of the attitude on advertising on brand equity. Present study is a survey. 386 users of Irancell who were exposed by football advertising as the sample. To analyze, structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. Research findings show the significant impact of such beliefs as “product information”, “social role and image”, “hedonism”, “annoyance factor”, “materialism”, “falsity”, “reputation” in football advertising on “attitude toward advertising” and the significant impact of “attitude toward advertising” in “brand equity”.

Brand is among the most valuable properties of an organization which its proper management can pave the ground for acquiring more market share and profitability in any industry including food industry. In this line, brand identity which is an intra-organizational factor and one of the most important discussions on marketing and brand has been considered in a few studies. On this basis, present study with the purpose of studying the impact of brand identity impact on brand loyalty development and brand equity is conducted in food industry (dairy and meat products). This is a survey – type research in which questionnaire is used to collect data.In present study, Kaleh brand (Kaleh Dairy and Meat Products Company) as a well – recognized brand in Iran is selected for studying. All customers of the company in Tehran Metropolitan are selected as research statistical population and finally a sample of 476 customers was chosen. To analyze and confirm data, Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) techniques are utilized.According to research findings, the impact of brand identity on both brand loyalty and brand equity in food industry was confirmed.

Present study is conducted to measure the effect of obligation to religious functions on pedagogy employees’ organizational commitment in Shahriar. For this purpose، the variables of two aspects namely “worship” and “ethics” are considered as the constituents of obligation to religious functions and their impact on employees’ organizational commitment is studied. Two questionnaires were used to measure obligation to religious functions and organizational commitment. To analyze data، Pearson correlation، regression analysis، structural equation modeling and Freedman ranking were used. In the meantime، SPSS and LISREL software were also applied. Research findings reveal that obligation to religious functions and organizational commitment have a significant relationship with confidence level of 99% and in such confidence level، religious functions impacts on pedagogy employees’ organizational commitment positively and directly. Finally، the results show that pedagogy employees pay more attention to “ethics of interaction with nature” & “individual worship” than other aspects.

The purpose of present study is to compare the relative efficiency of Iranian ports and identify the efficient ports in 2009 to 2011. Applied-analytical method was used and statistical population includes important Iranian ports. Data are gathered from Port and Maritime Organization of Iran. Data include the years 2009، 2010 and March to November 2011. CCR model is used to determine the efficiency ratio of ports and to distinguish efficient and inefficient ports. For the units that are identified as efficient by CCR model، Anderson–Pearson (AP) was used. For analyzing data، LINGO and SPSS software was used. Findings showed that in 2009، 36%، in 2010، 27% and in 2011، 27% of main Iranian ports have been efficient. In 2009 and 2010، Bahonar and in 2011، Rajaei ports were recognized as the most efficient Iranian ports. Finally، virtual ports were introduced as a pattern for inefficient ports. Inefficient ports will achieve efficiency if they can be promoted to achieve the conditions of their similar virtual ports.

The organization’s culture can be a huge challenge to any knowledge program being rolled out; and yet very little is known about how organizational culture contributes to or impedes knowledgemanagement. Therefore, this study with the purpose of feasibility a km implementation plan in the national Iranian drilling company, seeks to develop and test empirically a conceptual framework to investigate the effect of organizational culture on knowledge create process. Questionnaire and statistical analytical techniques by using spices and lisrel softwares applied to measuring the research variables. The results of the questionnaire analyses indicate that different types of organizational culture have positive and significant effects on the process of knowledge conversion and create organizational knowledge. Also, the complementary results indicate that democracy culture has the best role in the development of organizational knowledge creation and existing an innovation, and entrepreneurial culture is essential in the process of knowledge conversion and creating new knowledge.

In recent years, discussion and scrutiny about brand has found especial place in science and university assembly and place in a realm of trade too. Many of searchers and companies managers has conclude that certainly, brand and branding science is worthest asset for a company for improvement of marketing process. Yet, brand identity which is an intra-organizational factor and one of the most important discussions on marketing and brand is considered in a few studies. On this basis, present study with the purpose of studying the impact of brand identity impact on brand loyalty development is conducted in food industry (dairy products). In present study, Kaleh brand (Kaleh Dairy Products Company) as a well – recognized brand in Iran is selected for studying. All customers of the company in Tehran Metropolitan are selected as research statistical population and a sample of 475 customers was chosen. This is a survey – type research in which questionnaire is used to collect data. To analyze and confirm model, Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) techniques are utilized. According to research findings, the impact of brand identity on brand loyalty in food industry was confirmed. Brand with strong identity is the origin of forming long term relationships between customer and company, and it is result will be loyalty.