علیرضا عبداللهی نژاد

In this article, the process of covering international events in national newspapers of Iran, Jam-e Jam, Shargh and Hamshahri have been addressed via analyzing the foreign structures and contents. The research method is quantitative content analysis and the foreign contents of newspapers have been analyzed in a statistical week in the first four months of 1399.Findings show that the main structure of foreign contents in Iranian newspapers focuses on the topics of "science, technology and health" and most of the contents have the news value of "conflict and conflict". The form of presenting foreign contents is more in the form of "news"; However, Hamshahri and Iran have also paid more attention to "reporting, analysis and interpretation" formats in publishing foreign contents.The results of statistical analysis as a whole indicate that newspapers pay modest attention to "news source writing" as a professional and ethical principle. However, the Iran newspaper has paid due attention to quoting the source in writing foreign news than other newspapers. Also, the studied newspapers are very dependent on the international media in terms of preparing and publishing foreign news, and the share of domestic news agencies in this regard is very small and negligible. In terms of focusing on news coverage around the world, most newspapers focus on "Europe and North America (USA).

The purpose of the upcoming research is to study the representation of the concept of lifestyle and its related components in the advertising content published on the Instagram pages of prominent automobile companies, which has been carried out using the qualitative research method with an emphasis on semiotics.The results of the research showed that the Automative Industries’ brands have paid special attention to themes such as “Environmental concerns”, “Compatibility with Nature”, “Earth protection”, “happiness, delight and adolescence”, “altruism and Support for disabled people”, “Comfort and Security and authenticity” and “Luxury Life”.The findings also show the focus of the three global brands Volkswagen, Hyundai and Mazda on the use of implicit and indirect connotations based on the natural environment and its beauty and animals but the Iranian brand of Bahman has benefited more from direct and simple references to the appearance and technical features such as power, speed, acceleration, balance and modern options of its product.

The purpose of this study was to understand and explain the competencies affecting the performance of university departments in the age of networking, which was done from the perspective of department chairs and with an interdisciplinary approach in the field of educational management and communication sciences. The research method was qualitative and a case study type. The department chairs of Allameh Tabataba'i University of Tehran are the research field of this study to collect information. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used in sample selection.  Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 10 department chairs was used to collected the required data.  Data were analyzed through open and  axial coding, which identified a total of 5 themes to improve the performance of the departments: "Leadership skills, information literacy, media literacy, digital intelligence and factors related to university strategy of universities and existing socio-cultural platforms in higher education" regarding the qualifications and factors needed to improve the quality of management and performance of the educational departments in the information society were identified. Presence and effective performance of academic elites in media educational environments has created the need for attention and acquisition of competencies related to the age of communication by the leaders of educational institutions. Therefore, higher education and university support programs and futurology studies will be effective to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of educational departments. The findings of this study can be the basis for the development of higher education future programs.

Social activists in the field have employed new communication technologies in order to change their surrounding environment. This article studies the social activism of the Kurds of Iraq in the cyberspace. This research was conducted by the combination of two methods cyber ethnography also known as virtual ethnography and In-deph interview. The results of this research have revealed that limitations such as pertaining to a part for media have caused Iraqi Kurd activists to not be able to utilize the main channels for achieving their objectives. These factors have led Iraqi Kurd activists to employ the alternative media which currently are the social networks for action. The main privileges of the social networks for Kurd activists of Iraq are promotion of citizen journalism, demolition of censorship and state control, the chance of resistance and political action, entanglement of online and offline dimensions and connecting with Kurd activists from other countries. The latter is the most significant characteristic of Iraqi Kurd activism in the communicative cyberspace is that they can find the Kurds of other countries and be able to execute joint actions related to their Kurdish identity.

This study is intended to discuss the development of Iran and the United States relations in the English-based international media by reading the related news material on CNN, Fox News, Al-Jazeera and Press TV websites. The quantitative content analysis has been used in this study and the statistical population includes 465 news materials during the first six months of 2019. In this study, the systematic random sampling method was used in alternate weeks, which resulted in 27 statistical days. The research findings show that most of the reviewed articles have a negative bias (64.5%). Among the reviewed websites, CNN has the highest negative bias (72.1%) according to the materials belong to Iran-US relations. In the other hand, Al-Jazeera website has the lowest negative bias (53.6%) in this regard. The research also shows that the news value of conflict was the highest among the surveyed websites with 75.3%. In the meantime, the Press TV website was the vanguard with 40.3% of all the published content. Finally, most of the reviewed websites have been focused on the news coverage related to “military, defense, war, missile capabilities and psychological operations” subjects. In this regard, Press TV was the vanguard of this category among other websites. The news about “sanctions and resolutions” was the second most used news item. In this respect, Press TV was also the vanguard.

The present research aims at analyzing the effects of occupational stress on Creative thinking of journalists and reporters.

The method of the survey is applied and correlation structural equation model. The statistical community consisted of reporters, chief editors, news editors and active personnels in two news agencies of university students of iran (ISNA) and inernational quran news agency (IKNA) . Cochran formula is used and 110 persons are selected randomly as samples.

The results of the article indicate the effectiveness of occupational stress on Creative thinking of journalists and reporters. The effectivness of promotion by the government is needed in this field.

The authors of the research conclude the following factors as important items in reducing the occupational stress and promoting the Creative thinking of journalists and reporters: promoting and support by government, cooperation among colleagues and partners, control, demand and other changes.

This article examines the policy of the national media in the field of health. To this end, and in order to answer the questions of: “What are the policies of health TV-programs (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting)?"; "Which aspect of health (physical, mental, social, and spiritual) are the programs focused on?"; and "Is the focus of health programs prevention and improvement of health or treatment of the disease?", mixed-method research will be used in two parts, quantitative (content analysis) and qualitative (comparative analysis). Moreover, theories of persuasive communication, cultivation theory and agenda setting will be used and applied to a random selection of television programs with health-related titles, out of which 10 episodes have been reviewed, and in total 100 shows has been analysed. In the quantitative part, through the use of the quantitative analysis software program SPSS, several tables have been extracted and analysed, and then compared to indicators derived from the Health Professional Council of the National Media, and will examine the extent to which the Council’s television health program guidelines are implemented. The results of this research show that the largest volume of health-related programs is concerned with physical health and most of these programs are primarily focused on both prevention and treatment. Additionally, in some instances one does not witness any consistency between the strategies of the council and the programs being produced.

The present study was aimed at examining verbal violence in the comments on popular Iranian Instagram pages. In the initial stage, the official Instagram pages of Iranian celebrities (who lives in Iran) with at least one million followers at the time that the present project was approved were identified. Then, the followers’ comments were analyzed in terms of verbal violence. In the present study, the Brown and Levinson's politeness theory (1978 & 1987) and the Impoliteness theory by Culpeper (2011) that are focused on the concept of face, and are related to the Goffman's theory of dramaturgy. The qualitative method of thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Finally, analysis of 1500 comments with verbal violence revealed 9 Global themes as follows: Celebrity’s personal and professional life, Welfare, Sexual, Gender, Politics, Religion, Ethnicity and Social concerns. In the next step, a thematic network of the global themes as the main and repeated patterns of the textual data was drawn, and subsequently, two other levels of themes, i.e. the Basic and Organizing themes were categorized, described, and analyzed in 9 tables.

The current study examines the effects of the social media, Facebook, Instagram and Telegram on the political participation of the students of Allameh Tabataba’i University in Iran’s Parliamentary Elections in 2016. We used Cochran test and surveyed 370 students from the 8569 people studying on the main campus of the university.
The results show that there are significant direct relations between the amount of time spent on the chosen media and the students’ political participation (0.413), trust in the media and the students’ political participation (0.318) and effectiveness in using media and the students’ political participation (0.523). Two other factors including respondents’ education level (-0.401) and age (-0.431) had significant reverse relation with political participation of the students.
The results of regression analysis show that five variables including media usage, trust, using effectiveness, educational level and age can predict the students’ political participation by 32 percent.

At the age of increasing competition among media, offering high-quality services and presence in media markets is considered as a crucial factor for news agencies in doing their job properly and professionally. Looking at the 180-year-old history of news agencies, from its beginning fromHavas (1835) to Associated Press (1846) and Reuters (1851) the owners and managers of the news agencies had an eye on valuable markets of information exchange and hoping for ample incomes of this market.
Since few decades ago, at the zenith of the establishment and work of national news agencies, especially after the Second World War,by patterning on the production, supplying and sale methods of successful news agencies,many national agencies have entered the national and international media markets. while, in Iran, more than 80 years after the establishment of official and national news agency (originally called Pars and now Islamic Republic News Agency), at the age of new agencies’ rivalryin producing and selling news and information, IRNA’s source of income isgovernment budget and its incomefrom its presence in media markets is insignificant.
This article performed a comparative study on IRNA (as Iran’s sole official news agency) and three international news agencies, Associated Press, France Press and Reuters and India’s national news agency, PTI and then asked the opinions of media experts in order to recognise the challenges that IRNA is facing, and also draw an ideal situation.
The research has used a qualitative method, including a combination of comparative research and in-depth interviews. The results suggest that IRNA should not publish all stories on its website for free and it should use specific ways to earn an income from selling various news productions. The solutions offered by the experts include publishing advertisements on IRNA’s website, creating an agency and investment holding in the field of multimedia productions, selling high-quality and archive news photographs, producing marketable high-quality news-films.

This paper studies the current situation of the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) as the only official news agency of Iran in the field of its ownership methods and management model adopting a comparative approach with three major news agencies of Associated Press (AP), Agence France Presse (AFP), and Reuters as well as the Indian national news agency (PTI). It collects the analytic views of the Iranian media experts and policy-makers for mapping the ideal pattern of IRNA. The results that reached by a qualitative methodology mixed with a comparative study and in-depth interviews, show the necessity of establishing a competent professional non-political management at IRNA and shifting the existing government leverage on policymaking at the agency. It is concluded that the existing government ownership of IRNA could continue under the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. However, two concurring simultaneous changes seem inevitable: introduction of the professional management as well as revival and consolidation of the role played by the agency's Supreme Supervising Council.

In the last two decades, the professional organization and operation of news agencies have been challenged and affected by 24-hour news TV channels and ever increasing web-based modern media. This has placed strong rivals before the professional operation of news agencies. In such a context, news agencies have adopted strategies to maintain status, survive, and compete as well as to be adaptable with the modern technology.Considering the necessity of employing modern technologies by the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA), the researcher has studied the position of IRNA in production and provision of modern multi-media services in comparison with the Associated Press (AP), Press Trust of India (PTI) and Reuters.The findings of the research, carried out based on a comparative model, suggest that like the news agencies under study, IRNA shall put on its agenda the production of quality news clips, multi-media news, graphic and info-graphic services and sending news packages on mobile phones.

Made in a meta-analytical way، the present article analyzes and evaluated grounds، fields، trends، and subjects of the interdisciplinary field of political communications in Iran based on the relevant articles published by authentic scientific journals (in the period between 1380/2001 and 1389/2010). The statistical society of the study consists of the articles published by scientific (scientific-research or scientific-promotional) journals in the field of communications and social sciences in Tehran University (Social Sciences Quarterly and Media International Bi-Quarterly)، Allameh Tabatabai University (Social Sciences Quarterly)، Research Center of Radio-TV (Communication Research Quarterly)، and Center for Studying and Developing Media (Media Quarterly) in the above period. The sample taken for the present study covers all articles published in various fields of political communications selected through a full-enumerating method from among their articles. Articles selected have been separately coded and analyzed. To make a meta-analysis of the existing Persian scientific articles in the field of political communications in Iran، a special form called «the all-covering form for summarization and extraction of data from articles selected for meta-analysis» was elaborated. Questions and issues to which attention has been paid in this form are as follows: «the main content»، «conceptual framework» and «methodology of research». The results of the study show that the researchers in the field of communications do not pay so attention to the new-emerged and interdisciplinary field of the political communications. Also، in terms of the contents discussed in the studies made in this field in Iran، elections and political participation are of the greatest frequency.