فهرست مطالب فاطمه اربابی کلاتی

Academic satisfaction covers a wide range of aspects of dental students' lives, and the realization of some or all of these aspects can improve the training process and improve the quality of education. One of these aspects is the personality type that may be the basis of dental students' academic satisfaction. In this study, we examined the relationship between personality type and academic satisfaction of dental students in Zahedan.Materials &

 In this descriptive-analytical study, 135 dental students studying in dental college of Zahedan university of medical science in person participated. The questionnaire included students' background information, JDI Academic Satisfaction Questionnaire and MBTI Personality Types Questionnaire, which was provided to students. The mean scores of personality types and academic satisfaction were compared by SPSS.22 software at different levels of contextual variables.

 In the present study, the most common personality types were ESTJ, ISTJ, ENTJ, INTJ. The rate of overall academic satisfaction in female students was 179.09 and in male students was 164.95 and girls' satisfaction was significantly higher than boys (P = 0.007).

It seems that dentists with personality types ENTP, ESTJ, ISTJ, ISTP, ENFJ, have more ability to learn and cope with the daily stress in the field of dentistry and as a result experience more academic satisfaction.

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease with an immunological base involving mucosal skin. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are still unknown. Zinc is one of the most essential elements needed by the body that acts as a cell membrane stabilizer and is necessary for boosting the immune system. Due to very limited studies with conflicting results, the present study was performed to compare serum zinc levels in patients having erosive and atrophic oral lichen planus with healthy individuals.

This case-control study was conducted on two groups (n=20 each), including patients with erosive and atrophic oral lichen planus and healthy volunteer subjects being similar in age and gender to the case group. After selecting patients based on the criteria for admission and obtaining informed consent from the candidates, individuals were referred to the Blood Transfusion Organization for the evaluation of zinc levels in the blood. The test results were then examined and delivered to the patient. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the data.

The mean age scores of the participants in the case and control groups were obtained as 46.7±16.9 and 41.5±10.1 years, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P=0.056). In the case and control groups, 6 and 5 individuals were men, respectively, and the rest participants were women in both groups. The mean serum zinc levels were estimated at 84.21±19.6 and 76.9±20.8 µg/dl in the case and control groups, respectively, which did not show a statistically significant difference with the Mann-Whitney test (P=0.2).

Despite lower serum zinc levels in patients with erosive and atrophic oral lichen planus, this element was still within normal limits and appeared not to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Lichen planus is a relatively common chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Dyslipidemia caused by chronic inflammation results in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques which is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. There is a dearth of studies with conflicting results in this regard; therefore, the present study aimed to compare the lipid profile as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease between patients with oral lichen planus and healthy people. This case-control study was conducted in 2019. Firstly, the aim of the study was explained to the patients and written consent was obtained. Thereafter, the patients' blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were recorded in the data collection form. The patients were referred to the laboratory to check their cholesterol (HDL, LDL) and triglyceride levels. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) using the Mann-Whitney U test to analyze the data and compare the indicators in the two groups. The mean age scores of the participants were obtained at 46.7±16.9 and 41.5±10.1 years in the Liken Plan oral and control groups, respectively, and they did not differ significantly (P=0.59). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of LDL and HDL, and the rates of LDL and HDL were higher in healthy people and OLP patients (P=0.036 and P=0.04, respectively); nonetheless, they were in the normal range in both groups. Dyslipidemia was normal in patients with OLP, and oral lichen planus did not appear to be a single risk factor for dyslipidemia.

At present cellular phones have become very popular, raising concerns about their effect on the health of users. Some studies have shown that use of cellular phones gives rise to a decrease in salivary antioxidative potential. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of lycopene on salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and the total antioxidative capacity (TAC) of the saliva in cellular phone users.

The present clinical trial was conducted on 20 volunteers with no oral diseases, who used cellular phones in Zahedan Dental faculty at 2017. The subjects’ salivary samples were collected before and one month after taking lycopene and the activities of salivary superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide and the total antioxidative capacity of the saliva were evaluated. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21. Wilcoxon signed rank was used to compare before and after measurmenrs.

The superoxide dismutase levels before and after taking lycopene were 108.37±16.18 and 138.16±20.8, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.001). The glutathione peroxidase levels before and after taking lycopene were 693.06±9.05 and 676.65±63.45 u/mL, respectively with a statistically significant difference (P=0.001), total antioxidant capacity before and after taking lycopene were 267.72±156.64 and 147.83±120.63 μmol/lit respectively with a statistically significant difference (P=0.001)

It seems that, use of lycopene in cellular phone uses resulted in an improvement of salivary antioxidative system, increasing the odds of elimination of free radicals by the saliva.

Faculty members are the most important resources of universities and responsible for training human resources in the health system and Promoting their satisfaction will improve the education of students and the health system of the country. Spiritual intelligence is the ability to apply spiritual values and qualities in a way that promotes daily functioning and physical and mental health. Increasing spiritual intelligence seems to improve faculty-student relationships and, ultimately, job satisfaction by enhancing faculty motivation and reducing anxiety. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the correlation between spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction of faculty members of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.

 The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study and the study population was faculty members of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and JDI Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and the statistical analysis software was SPSS 16.

 In this study, 100 faculty members were studied, 67 of which were basic science faculty members and 33 were clinical science faculty members. in this study an average work experience were 10.74 years.. There was no relationship between spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction in our study population. There was a significant difference between spiritual intelligence score and overall job satisfaction score between faculty members of basic sciences and clinical sciences. The mean score of spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction was higher among faculty members of basic sciences.

However, the average spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction were higher among the faculty members of the basic sciences. But spiritual intelligence did not have a significant effect on job satisfaction.

Lichen planus is an inflammatory mucocutaneous disease which involves 0.2‒4% of the population and has an unknown etiology. There is no definite treatment for the disease and current treatment modalities are palliative in nature. Although the exact cause of lichen planus is not clear, some scientists believe that free radicals and oxidative stress might have a role in causing this condition. The current study was conducted to assess the therapeutic effect of lycopene in treating erosive and atrophic oral lichen planus.
Thirty patients whose disease was confirmed by a pathologist were included in the clinical trial from January to July 2016 in the Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was treated with topical corticosteroid and 15 mg of systemic lycopene daily for a month and the second group received only topical corticosteroids. We recommended that the patients use the drugs (topical corticosteroids) four times a day, avoiding taking food for one hour after applying the drugs. Pain severity was recorded by numeric rating scale before and after the treatment and disease score was recorded by Thongprasom scale before and after treatment. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups.
In the case and control groups, pain scores before treatment were 5.4±1.2 and 5.7±0.9, with 3.01±1.8 and 3.2±1.5 after treatment, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P= 0.6, P= 0.4). Disease scores before treatment were 4.1±1 and 4±0.8, with 1.7±1.2 and 1.8±1.5 after treatment, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups (P= 0.7, P= 0.8).
In this study the use of systemic lycopene did not increase the effect of topical corticosteroid; in addition, the results showed that the systemic use of 15 mg of lycopene in addition to topical corticosteroid treatment had no significant effect on patients’ pain and disease scores in comparison to topical corticosteroids.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immunological disorder with unknown etiology. Some studies have reported an association between oral lichen planus and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with oral lichen planus and healthy persons. This case ‒ control study was performed on 50 patients with OLP and 50 healthy individuals. Diagnosis of OLP was confirmed by typical clinical and histopathological findings. The control group were selected randomly from healthy individuals after matching for age and sex. Blood samples were taken to achieve 5 mL for measuring fasting serum blood glucose and HbA1C. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test. In this case ‒ control study, 50 patients with OLP (39 females, 11 males) with a mean age of 44.5±13.24 years and 50 healthy individuals (33 females, 17 males) with a mean age of 41.3±11.44 years were evaluated. The mean fasting blood glucose and HbA1C levels in patient with OLP were 95.1 ± 8.1 and 5.1±1.3 mg/dL, and 89.1±7.7 and 4.6±1.1 mg/dL in healthy individuals (P=1). The frequency of diabetes mellitus was not significantly different between the case and the control groups. The results showed that diabetes mellitus does not have a direct role in the OLP etiology.

Given the increasing importance of saliva screening for various diseases and the seek for less risky and less costly ways to diagnose diseases; this study was designed to determine the relationship between oral dryness and osteoporosis. Twenty six postmenopausal women without osteoporosis and 27 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled in this cross sectional study. The standard questionnaire of xerostomia was filled for all patients. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected by spitting method in the same place and same time. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18. Independed t test, chi square. The mean volume of saliva in patients with osteoporosis was significantly lower than patients without the osteoporosis (P=0.01), while dry mouth feeling was higher in this group (P<0.01). it seems that there is a positive relationship between osteoporosis and oral dryness feeling in postmenopausal women.

Maintaining good oral hygiene is an important factor in health.Toothbrushes are commonly used to maintain oral health and prevent dental disease, but unfortunately how keeping the toothbrush is neglected. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between toothbrush keeping method and its microbial content. In this cross-sectional study, 60 volunteers were enrolled and divided into 3 groups based on the places of keeping their toothbrushes (bedroom, bathroom and lavatory). The participants were asked to brush once a day for one month using the first toothbrush which had been delivered; then the first toothbrushes were gathered and a second toothbrush was delivered. The participants were asked to brush once a day using the second toothbrush for 3 months. All toothbrushes were sent for culture and evaluation. All toothbrushes were evaluated by a blind microbiologist. Toothbrush bristles were washed in BHI broth medium; then the resulting liquid was cultured in MacConkey’s agar for gram-negative bacteria and in blood agar and chocolate agar for gram-positive bacteria. Colony counts of Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, S. aureus, and E. coli were determined and multiplied by one thousand. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 and using Kruskal-Wallis test. At the end of the study the results showed statistically significant differences in microbial load between the groups (p=0.014). Toothbrushes that were kept in bathroom had highest microbial load. Toothbrushes kept in the bathroom had the greatest microbial contamination after three months. According to the results of this study, bathroom is the worst place and bedroom is the best place for keeping toothbrushes.

Smoking is a harmful habit that causes adverse effects on oral health and plays the most important role in cancer, precancerous lesions and periodontal disease. Saliva is the first fluid that is exposed to cigarette smoke. Salivary antioxidant system plays an important role in its anti-cancer potential therefore; this study was designed to compare the antioxidant content of saliva of smokers and non-smokers. In this cross- sectional study unstimulated saliva of 50 male smokers and 50 male non-smokers who were free of oral disease were collected by spitting method and total antioxidant capacity of their saliva was evaluated by FRAP method. Data were analysed by SPSS software version 21 and independed t test was used to compare the two groups. The average total antioxidant capacity of saliva in smokers and non-smokers were 489.95±203.82 and 589.48±226.05, respectively which were significantly different (P=0.008). Based on the results, smoking can reduce the total antioxidant capacity of saliva.

Bone marrow suppression as a serious complication of chemotherapy induces leucopenia or neutropenia that results to hospitalization and antibiotic therapy. Several studies used zinc supplement for reduction of chemotherapy side effects’، these studies showed that zinc can prevent metastasis، local recurrence and increases survival rate، so this study conducted to evaluate preventive effect of oral zinc sulphate on hematologic changes induced by chemotherapy. This double blind randomized controlled trial enrolled 50 adult patients who were under chemotherapy during 2008-2009. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. By the beginning of chemotherapy، the patients in each group received three 220 mg zinc sulphate capsules daily (Alhavi Co.) or placebo capsules provided by zinc sulphate manufacturing company، which were similar in shape، taste and color to zinc sulphate capsules. This diet followed up to end of study. Then data was analyzed by SPSS17 software using independent sample T-test. There was no statistically significance between white blood cell count (p=0. 7)، red blood cells count (p=0. 4) and hemoglobin (p=0. 9) in zinc sulphate and placebo groups (CI=95%). It can be concluded that zinc sulphate cannot prevent hematologic changes induced by chemotherapy.

The habit of smokeless tobacco chewing is one of the known risk factors for oral cancer among the residents of southeast of Iran. Most likely, the antioxidant defense system in dealing with free radicals induced paan and prevention of oral cancer is important. In this study, the activity of super oxide dismutase is compared in the saliva of paan consumers and non-consumers. In this study, Unstimulated saliva of 87 subjects (47 paan consumers and 40 non-consumers) who referred to the Oral Medicine Department of Dentistry School of Zahedan was collected. The activity of super oxide dismutase enzyme was measured by standard biochemical methods (Mc Cord and Fridovich) and the obtained data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS-15 through non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The mean activity of super oxide dismutase was significantly higher in the paan consumers group (4.4±1.6 u/mg) compared to non-consumers (3.59±1.8 u/mg, p=0.027). The results of this study demonstrate that consumption of paan leads to increased activity of salivary super oxide dismutase.

There are different methods for evaluation of effective factor on learning. One of these methods, which have been applied in large universities of the world, is asking view of students who have experience full parts of teaching process during the course. The aim of this study is evaluation of viewpoint of Zahedan’s dental students about factors affecting theoretical learning. 86 students were enrolled from the dental school with census method in 201. Their viewpoints about factors affecting in learning were collected using questionnaires, containing questions about classrooms condition, educational facilities, training facilities, interpersonal communication and personal factors. The collected data was presented with descriptive statistics, and analysis of the related factors. In this study, 58 (67.4%) of unbroken students and 28 (32.6%) discontinuous students participated. In studentsviewpoints, interpersonal communication, personal factors, and educational facilities are the most influential factors in learning process of theoretical lessons. Gender, years of education and educational status had no significant relationship with standpoints of students. In students’ viewpoints, interpersonal communication, including the presence of a counselor, sympathetic relationship between the authorities, good interaction between lecturers and students is crucial for effective learning process.

Candida Albicance is one of the most common oral opportunistic infection. Antifungal drugs have several side effects as well as bad taste. Licorice is one of the oldest drugs in Iranian traditional medicine. It has antibacterial and antiviral effects; however, there are a few studies about its antifungal. Therefore, this study was designed for in vitro evaluation of the antifungal effect of licorice. Candida Albiance (TIMM 2640) was cultured. After licorice extract was prepared, its antifungal effect was compared with that of nystatin using agar diffusion method. Diameter of inhabitation zone was 32.60±0.84 mm in nystatin group and almost zero in licorice groups. There was statistically significant difference between nystatine and licorice extract (P=0.002). Based on the result of this in vitro study, licorice extract did not show any antifungal effect.

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic immunologic disorder with unknown etiology. Stress and anxiety are risk factors for OLP and Vitamin B12 and Folic acid have been proved to be effective micronutrients for prevention of anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to assess the serum levels of Vitamin B12 and Folic acid in patients with Oral Lichen Planus

This descriptive- analytic study selected 64 subjects (32 patients with OLP and 32 healthy samples) in whom the serum levels of folic acid and Vitamin B12 were measured with Elexis 2016 and electro-chemi-luminsence method. The results were analyzed with SPSS software (version 16) and for each individual the T-test was used for data analysis.

Serum levels of vitamin B12 in healthy subjects was 284.7±99.5 Pg/ml compared to 288± 165.7 Pg/ml in patients with oral Lichen Planus. Serum levels of folic acid in healthy subjects was 12.4±4.2 ng / ml whereas in patients with OLP it was found to be 9.45±4 ng / ml. The T-Test showed that there is no statistically significant difference in B12 levels between healthy subjects and patients with OLP.(P=0.93) However, the serum levels for Folic Acid was significantly lower in patients with OLP compared to healthy subjects. (p=0.03).

Folic acid deficiency may have a role in the pathogenesis of OLP. More studies are needed to prove such relation.

Advances in Science and considerable attention to health issues has led to an increase in use of medications. In recent years, plant extracts have been the focus of attention due to less side effects and higher cost effectiveness compared to chemical therapeutic products. The aim of this invitro study was to compare the inhibitory effects of plant extracts containing thyme, clove and cinnamon with nystatin on candida albicans. This experimental study assessed the antimicrobial effect of 3 plant extracts on Candida Albicans. Thyme, Cinnamon and Clove extracts were selected based on previous researches and traditional use. C.Albicans was cultured on sabouraud dexterose agar containing chloramphenicol. On each plate, one plant extract disc, one nystatin disc (aspositive control), one methanol and one blank disc (as negative controls) were placed. The mean diameter of non-growth halo around each plant extract was compared with the mean diameter of non-growth halo of positive control discs after 24 hours.Data analysis was done by ANOVA statistical test. There was significant different between the diameter of non-growth halo around the plant extracts and nystation discs. (P<0.05). The diameter of non-growth halo in cinnamon discs (31/3) was smaller than that for nystatin discs (32/6) (p<0.000). Non-growth halo in discs containing Clove (27/4) and Thyme (13) were also smaller than Nystatin discs (32/6) (p<0.000). Thyme, Clove and Cinnamon exhibited antifungal effects on C. Albincans.

Teaching of clinical skills is one of the most important aspects in training medical students. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of videotaped and live demonstrations for applying fissure sealant on permanent molar teeth at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (2010-2011).

Thirty 8th-semester dental students were randomly assigned in two groups (n = 15). In group 1, fissure sealant placement was taught using live demonstration; while, in group 2, education was performed by videotaped demonstration. Then, each student applied fissure sealant on the patient's permanent molar tooth. The procedure of fissure sealant placement was assessed and scored by a pedodontist. The students were subsequently asked to rate how helpful the videotape or live demonstration had been. The data were analyzed using T-test and Chi-square test.

The mean student's scores for videotaped and live demonstration were 16.5 and 16.53, respectively. There was no significant difference between the teaching methods according to student's scores (P>0.05). 33% of students rated videotaped demonstration as "good" for its helpfulness and 66% as "very good". However, live demonstration was rated as "good" and "very good" by 66% and 33% of students, respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05).

Both teaching methods were equally effective. Therefore, videotaped demonstration can be used in combination with live demonstration or as an alternative for it.

Autonomic neuropathy is a rare disorder inherited as insensitivity to pain and temperature. It has been divided into five groups, the fourth of which named congenital insensitivity to pain with anhydrosis, (CIPA) is the most common type of this disorder. CIPA is a recessive inherited condition with courses of idiopathic fever, reduction of sweat glands secretion despite having normal glands, insensitivity to pain and temperature changes, and mild mental retardation. Oral symptoms due to their severe abuse in these patients are considerable. Gas shock tongue, lips and other oral mucosa have been reported.Case Report: Examination of a 15 month old boy revealed severe oral ulcers and burns in the fingers of both hands due to contact with the heater. Pathological studies and special attention to specific aspects of the patient revelead that he was insensitive to pain and thermal stimulation and was diagnosed as a possible case of CIPA. CIPA is a autosomal recessive disorder which is very rare in childhood, as insensitivity to pain or the incidence of abuse and lack of objective response to pain in people with peripheral and central nervous system are normal. Tyrosine gene defect related to gene code provided membrane tyrosine has been identified in these patients. Mutation in this gene results in insensitivity to pain, anhydrosis, self abuse, and mental retardation and is associated with cancer. More than half of the patients die before the age of three. Oral manifestations of this syndrome are the characteristics of the disorder and can help to make an early diagnosis.

Oral disease is a significant burden to all countries of the world. Since there is little know about this in Iran we decided to identify of oral mucosal disease in patients referred to Oral Medicine Center affiliated to Tabriz Dental School. A consecutive sample of admitted patients to OMC between April to June 2007 were included in this study. We employed a standard questionnaire in order to Eight hundred two patients were completed the requested questionnaire. Seventy percent was female. The mean age of the study sample was 32. 68 (SD=12. 25) years. Approximately 70% of subjects had oral lesion، %19. 2 had normal mucosa and %21. 60 of patients had oral mucosal lesions that need to follow and control. The most common lesions were ankiloglossia (%29. 7) then fissural tongue (%25. 7) and coated tongue (%23. 7). Many patients attending the center were unaware of oral lesions in their soft oral tissue which needed to follow up. This emphasizes that examination of soft oral tissue should be considered by health policy makers in oral health agenda at national level.

Oral cancer is one of the ten most frequent cancers worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), may play a key role in human cancer development. Inflammation occurs in cancers and increases oxidative stress agent COX2 over expression in oral premalignant lesions. Several studies showed COX2 inhibitors con improve antioxidant system. The aim of this study is the evaluation the effect of topical and systemic celecoxib on serum antioxidant in induction of tongue neoplasm in rat. m aterials and Fifty male Sprague Dawley adult 3-3. 5 month's old rats were used as animal model in this study. The tongue SCC was induced by a daily administration of 30 ppm 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), in drinking water, for 8 months. The rats in case groups received dietary or topical CCB. CCB powder was added to powdered basal diet and e ach rat received CCB with daily food. Adhesive Gels were prepared by mixing the base plasty with oral paste including two different dose of CCB. These groups include: group A» 30 ppm 4-NQO treatment; group B» 30 ppm 4-NQO+dietary CCB treatment; group C» 30 ppm 4-NQO+topical low dose CCB treatment; group D» 30 ppm 4NQO+high dose topical CCB treatment and group E» dietary CCB as control+water. Statistical analysis showed significant differens between groups in total antioxidant, hemoglobin and nutrophilic count. Topical CCB can use as adjuvant treatment for premalignant lesions

Mercury is a natural-occurring metallic substance. There are quantities of mercury found in air, water, soil, and all living matters. It is considered as one of the harmful metals to human being. Study of normal mercury content in human internal organs, blood, urine and saliva can be useful in assessing the level of environmental exposure. Such information may be useful and contributes to medico-legal expert opinions. The present study was conducted to determine the un-stimulated whole saliva mercury content in high school students in Tehran.

This cross sectional study recruited 130 volunteer high school students (65 male, 65 female). They were selected randomly from 5 different geographical sites in Tehran. All examinations conducted in this study were undertaken during the day from 9AM to 12PM, at least 2 hours after last intake of food and drink. By using spilling method, about 5CC of saliva was collected in a specially prepared test tube. Mercury was measured by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CVAAS). SPSS software and Man-Whitney U test were used for data analysis.

The average student age was 16.5 and the average saliva mercury concentration was 0.17 µ g/dl, with 0.20 µ g/dl in males and 0.16 µ g/dl in females. No significant difference was detected between males and females saliva mercury levels.

This study showed that a trace of mercury is detectable in saliva of people who have no amalgam fillings. Such information may be useful for relevant studies conducted in future.

Hematologic deficiency appears to be an etiologic factor in some patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The aim of this study was to investigate serum Iron Zinc and Ferritin levels in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis referring to oral medicine department of Zahedan dental school. In this cross sectional analytical study 30 individuals with aphthous lesions 17 female and 13 male (case group) and 30 subjects without aphthous lesions 17 female and 13 male (control group) were selected. All of patients referring to Oral Medicine Department of Zahedan Dental Faculty examined by Oral Medicine Specialist and diagnosis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis were conducted based on clinical criteria including round and symmetrical ulcers that covered by a yellowish white removable membrane and are less than 1 cm in diameter and heal without scarring and encircled by an erythematous halo. 10 cc blood samples were taken from all the individuals and Iron Zinc and Ferritin levels of them were measured. For statistical analysis we used Student t-test (P0.05). According to the results serum Iron Zinc and Ferritin was not significantly different between the patient and control groups (P>0.05).