فاطمه بابادی

 The present study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction with dental services at Ahvaz Jundishapur School of Dentistry and measure the related aspects of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the level of fear of dentistry.

Across-sectional study was conducted between late 2020 and early 2021 involving 460 patients at Ahvaz Jundishapur School of Dentistry. The Dental Fear Scale (DFS) and Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) were administered to participants.

 The mean level of satisfaction in the present study was 62.77%, and the pain level was reported to be 9.86%. Men and women were significantly different in terms of their level of fear. There were significant differences in mean scores for quality and overall satisfaction between individuals with high school diploma and those holding a university degree. The results demonstrated that fear was significantly associated with quality and overall satisfaction.

 There was a significant difference in the level of fear, the mean quality score, and overall satisfaction between the two diploma and university education groups. Also, fear was significantly associated with quality and overall satisfaction.

Prescribing Chlorhexidine mouthwash is currently considered the standard anti-plaque treatment. One of the active antimicrobial compounds in the Iranian shallot extract is a flavonoid called Shalomin II. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of Shalomine II and Chlorhexidine on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans bacteria in human saliva.

Methods and Materials:

 In this in-vivo study, about 300 grams of white shallots were collected from Zagros Mountains. Then the aqueous extract was mixed with ethyl acetate (Razi, Iran) at a ratio of 50:50 and mixed for 10 minutes. Microbial resistance and antimicrobial sensitivity of microorganisms were determined using E-test. The bacteria investigated in this study were Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans. A combination of 0.5% Shalomin II and 2 % chlorhexidine was prepared and diluted at eight different concentrations. The different mixtures were then cultured on the bacteria plate. This experiment was repeated three times. Then the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and examined for halo radius size. The location of the closed region indicated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

The MIC values associated with chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus strains was 0.31 mg/mL and 0.16 mg/mL, respectively, and the MIC associated with Shalomin II against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus was 1.95 mg/ml. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.002). It was also found that the antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine was greater against Lactobacillus acidophilus compared to Streptococcus mutans.

Shalomin II had antimicrobial effects against both bacterial strains, and displayed a relatively similar inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans. However, its inhibitory effect was not as strong as 0.2% chlorhexidine.

Background and Objectives This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and side effects of intraarticular(IA) and intra-peritoneal (IP) injections of corticosteroids on temporomandibular joint (TMJ)inflammationSubjects and Methods This is a review study that was conducted on related studies published from 1990to 2022 which were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran andIranMedex using the keywords “temporomandibular joint”, “intra-articular injection”, “corticosteroid”,“adverse effects”, “juvenile arthritis”, “osteoarthritis”, “ Juvenile idiopathic arthritis”,”degenerative jointdisorders”, and “temporomandibular joint disorders”.Results A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two studies were related to IP injection, 8 relatedto IA injection, two studies compared the effect of IA and IP drug injection, and one study investigatedthe TMJ arthrocentesis and IP drug injection. In 4 studies, the aim was to compare the effectivness ofcorticosteroids and hyaluronic acid in improving temporomandibular disorders. Nine studies found thatthe use of corticosteroids is beneficial for the treatment of TMJ inflammation, and 7 studies reportedcomplications such as condylar resorption.Conclusion Since the use of corticosteroids in treatment of TMJ disorders is not without complications,there is a need to conduct extensive studies on various drugs with anti-inflammatory effects and lowestside effects to replace them with corticosteroids.

 The aim of the present study was to assess factors affecting behavioural management of dental anxiety among dental students.

 The present study was conducted on 218 dental students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz (AJUMS), school of dentistry, Iran during 1 to 21 November 2020. The data collection tool included a self-designed questionnaire containing a number of questions for assessing students’ anxiety reduction guidelines, and behavioural-medication anxiety control methods, as well as measuring key components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The layout of the questionnaire and all its questions/items were designed on the website https://survey.porsline.ir. Data were analysed using SPSS, version 23. The structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed using AMOS software version 26.0.

 A total of 246 dentistry students were invited to participate in the study. Out of 246 students enrolled, 218 (88%) students completed and sent the questionnaire. The results revealed that behavioural intention had a direct impact on the implementation of distinguished instructions. Likewise, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control directly influenced the behavioural intention. The fit indices indicated that the measurement might have an acceptable performance (GFI = 0.86, CFI=0.81 RMSEA = 0.07, x2/df >3); R2=0.37. Perceive behavioral control and intention were the most important factors in explaining dental anxiety control behaviour.

 The findings suggest that the constructs of the theory of planned behaviour might have a preliminary acceptable fit for determining the factors related to the beliefs and behaviours of dental anxiety control. Further studies are needed to improve model fit indices. The future studies should determine which educational methods could better manipulate the predictive factors.

The aim of this present study is to review the effects of antibacterial propertiesof oak fruit, inner husk of oak fruit, and Jaftex mouthwash.

The present study is a narrative literature review conducted using electronic databasessuch as ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and IranMedex from 1995 to 2019.The keywords that were searched included “Oak fruit”, “Oak tree”, “Jaftex mouthwash”, “Antibacterial”,“Antimicrobial”, and “Microorganism”.

Review of previous studies showed that oak fruit, Jaft, and Jaftex mouthwash have antimicrobialproperties against different microorganisms. Jaftex mouthwash significantly reduced number of microorganismsin mouth, however it had less antimicrobial effect compared to chlorhexidine. Jaftex had agreater inhibitory effect on bacterial growth than Matrica and Persica.

Oak fruit and Jaft have antibacterial properties which is related to presence of phenols, tannin,proteins. Various studies confirmed antibacterial property of these types of plants. The antibacterial characteristicsof Jaftex mouthwash is mainly related to Jaft extract. Jaftex is recommended as an antibacterialmouthwash.

Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis are the most etiologic factors in the diseases caused by yeast species.Considering the increased resistance of fungi to some antifungal drugs and many of these drugs are toxic and expensive, the study of natural products on these fungi is necessary.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of white alum (Alum) on the prevention of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in vitro conditions. In this laboratory study,using modified E. test method, white alum solutions were prepared at concentrations of(8, 4 , 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 mg/100ml) then10 μLof each dilution Poured in blank disks that placed linearly on the culture medium inoculated with the fungus, then for 24 hours due to the low growth rate of these fungi, the petri was incubated at 37 ° C, and the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained. It should be noted that the test was repeated three times and averaged. The findings of this study showed that white alum has a positive effect on inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis colonies. MIC for Candida albicans and Candida capillaries was 0.13 and 0.06 mg / ml, respectively. the use of white alum can be a good cure in the treatment of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis infection in dental treatment.

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of Jaftex and Persica mouthwashes on salivary pH and buffer capacity. This clinical, double-blind, on two groups of 20 people. The salivary pH and buffer capacity of all samples were determined. Persica mouthwash was given to group A and Jaftex mouthwash was given to group B. At minutes 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30, after using mouthwashes, the saliva samples were re-collected and the pH and degree of buffer capacity of the samples were measured. After 72 hours of washout period for both groups, Jaftex was given to group A and Persica was given to group B and the saliva samples were re-collected in the mentioned minutes and the pH and the degree of buffer capacity were determined. The results were analyzed by repeated measures test. Significant level was considered The mean pH of saliva in the times before and after 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes was 7.05, 6.78, 6.67, 6.74, 6.65, and 6.82, respectively, Jaftex mouthwash was 6.99, 7.30, 6.69, 6.66, 6.67, and 6.99, respectively, and pH difference between the first 5 minutes and before the use of Persica and Jaftex mouthwashes was significant (P <0.05). The results of this study did not show an increase in salivary buffer capacity in two groups. The use of Jaftex as an herbal mouthwash is effective in preventing tooth decay and it is recommended to the people with high risk of decay.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is one of the most common jaw disorders. Corticosteroids are indicated for severe pain in the TMJ، related to inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to compare histological effects of intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone and hydrocortisone on TMJ inflammation in rats.

In this experimental study twenty-seven rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Inflammation was induced by opening the rats’ mouth 20 mm manually once a day for 10 consecutive days. The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I rats (n = 3) were left without any treatment; the rats in group II (n = 12) were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of 1. 2 mg/kg of dexamethasone; the rats in group III (n = 12) were injected 32 mg/kg of hydrocortisone after 11 days. The control rats were sacrificed at 6 weeks، while the rats in groups II and III were sacrificed at weeks 1 and 6 after injection. The groups received scores of 1-11 according to four factors of synovial hyperpelasia، vascularity، fibrin deposits and synovial adhesion. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α = 0. 05).

The results of this study indicated statistically significant differences in inflammation severity between the experimental groups of II and III and the control group (p value = 0. 006). There was a significant difference in inflammation severity in group II between week 2 and week 6 (p value = 0. 026).

Intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone and hydrocortisone was seen to reduce rat TMJ inflammation in the histological evaluation. The greatest inflammatory response was seen in group II six weeks after injection of medicine.

Knowledge of prevalence and etiologic factors of tooth discoloration can help design strategies for intervention to prevent tooth discoloration. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and etiologic factors of tooth discoloration in male high school students in Isfahan. In this cross-sectional study, 384 male students were selected by cluster sampling method. The students were examined by a well-instructed individual. Data was collected and recorded using a questionnaire and then analyzed by descriptive methods in SPSS at a 95% confidence interval. The prevalence of tooth discoloration was 89.9% in male high school students in Isfahan. Relative frequencies of etiologic factors of tooth discoloration consisted of caries, 80.6%; hypoplasia, 18.2%; extrinsic stains, 9.5%; root and crown restorative materials, 4.8%; trauma, 1.3%; tetracycline and smoking, 0.8%; fluorosis, 0.5%; and chlorhexidine mouthwash, 0.3%. No cases of amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and drug use by mothers during pregnancy. In this study caries was the most common cause of tooth discoloration. Given the high prevalence of carious lesions, instruction of oral hygiene habits and improving nutrition of the students are recommended.

Behçet’s disease was initially described by Behçet as a triad of symptoms, including recurring oral ulcers, recurring genital ulcers, and ocular involvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate frequency of Behçet’s clinical manifestations in patients referring to Isfahan AL-Zahra Hospital during the ten-year period of 1998‒2008. In this descriptive survey, files of patients with Behçet’s syndrome were reviewed in Al-Zahra Hospital during 1998‒2008. Data regarding age, gender and prevalence of oral, genital, and cutaneous manifestations, and also arthritis, intestinal involvement, and thrombophlebitis were extracted. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistical tests using SPSS software. The frequencies of clinical manifestations were: oral manifestations, 78%; ocular lesions, 28%; genital lesions, 26%; arthritis, 19%; skin involvement, 16%; gastrointestinal involvement, 13%; thrombophlebitis, 1%. The manifestations were most common in the 31‒41 age group. Male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. At present, Behçet’s syndrome is known as a multisystem disease with various manifestations. In this study oral manifestations were the most frequent symptoms in Behçet’s syndrome. Males were more commonly afflicted compared to females.