فاطمه رحمتی نجار کلایی

In today's word, identify the psychological characteristics academic and emotional success for students and teaching-learning process is of the utmost importance. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the perception of medical students of the class structure: the role of gender, degree and its relation to learning practices.

The method study of correlation-type description. The research community working to all students studying in the year 2016- 2017-one of the University of Tehran, which gives up with the random sampling method for accepted. Data collection tools consists of two questionnaires is the perception of the structure of the target class and David Kolb's learning styles of log.

In between student’s perception of the structure of the target performance-approach priority. On the basis of gender and degree students ' perception of the significant differences between observed. Mastery goal orientation with concrete experience significant positive relationship, the structure of the abstract concept of the building performance-approach and Active trialling showed a significant positive relationship and also avoid structure-performance with concrete experience, the concept of building an abstract and active trialling a significant positive correlation was found.

According to the research results and the prominent role of teachers and educational administrators, it is suggested that while educating teachers, they should be emphasized to adopt new teaching methods in line with the characteristics of learners, by providing the necessary grounds for growth and tendency towards perception of structure. Create a masterful goal in them.

The present study aimed to examine The effect of Merrill instructional design model in the form of multimedia education on nurseschr('39') creativity

Creativity is one of the most important skills needed by nurses and this skill can be improved through designed training such as multimedia training The present study was a quasi-experimental or pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all nurses of Baqiyatallah hospital in Tehran. The data collection tool was Abedichr('39')s patient creativity test. Simple random sampling method was used to select 80 individuals who were divided into experimental and control groups. The creativity test was performed on nurses before the start of the course, and then the experimental group was trained for 7 weeks on a multimedia design based on the Merill model. Two groups were used and data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 21 software.

The results showed Merrill instructional design model in the form of multimedia compared with traditional methods had significant impact on Nurses creativity(F=12.174,p=0.01). The results  also showed Merrill instructional design model in the form of multimedia compared with traditional methods had significant impact on  Subscales of originality, flexibility, elaboration  and  Subscale fluency(P <0.05).

The results showed that the use of Merrill instructional design model in the form of multimedia had a significant effect on nurseschr('39') creativity

Education seems to be more effective in improving peoplechr('39')s knowledge, their dietary patterns and healthier food choices. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of education programs on the consumerschr('39') knowledge, attitude and performance towards using food labels.

The present cross-sectional study was performed on 250 employees of Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The data collection tool was a self -administrated questionnaire which included 9 demographic information questions, 7 knowledge-related questions, 4 attitude questions, 5 performance questions and 5 comment questions about food labels and their characteristics. The education was in the form of lectures in the form of 2 sessions of 120 minutes with an interval of one week with group discussion, and participatory training. This study did not have a control group and had a before and after study design. 6 weeks after the training program, the questionnaires were completed again by the subjects.

The age range of these employees was between 21 and 57 years and 85.6% of them were married. The results of this study showed that the mean score of knowledge before the training was 11.38 ± 3.28 which consequently increased to 20.92 ± 2.42 after the education. The mean attitude score changed from 29.48 ± 5.43 to 30.31 ±4.79; In addition, the mean performance score increased from 12.62 ±3.31 to 17.88± 2.15. The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of knowledge P ˂ 0.001, attitude P = 0.03 and performance P ˂ 0.001 before and after the education.

Since there is a significant difference between the knowledge, attitude and performance scores of the Sirjan University of Medical Sciences’ staff before and after the education, the use of direct education method on the subject of food labels is recommended.

 The most effective way to prevent transmission of HIV / AIDS, health promotion knowledge and beliefs about preventive behaviors and  abstinence is in adolescents and youths. This study aimed to examined the effects of an educational program on perceptions of high school female students regarding HIV /AIDS based on health belief model (HBM)  in Tehran,Iran .

This quasi-experimental study was performed in two girls high schools of  region 8 of Tehran by simple  random sampling . Participants) N=465) selected among 9th, 10th  and 11th grades by census method . Accordingly, all students in these degrees were selected if they had been satisfied to participate in the study.  Data were collected using a valid self- administered questionnaire based on  HBM   including 8 items   (47items) demographic questions, knowledge , perceived barriers , perceived benefits , perceived severity and perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy at initial and 2- month follow up of the study.  CVR, CVI and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of the total questions were: 0.77, 0.92 and 0.83, respectively.
The intervention group were educated through an educational package based on  HBM through lectures and  question and answer in one session . Two months after intervention all data were gathered and analyzed using descriptive and analytic analysis  such as ANCOVA using SPSS Ver. 18.

Two groups were the same at the beginning of the study in terms of all variables . However, there were significant differences between two groups in terms of knowledge)P<0.05 (  and all health belief model constructs at 2- month follow up (P<0.001).

This study indicated the educational intervention could improve health perceptions of HIV/AIDS among students. Thus, use of this study  will suggest that school health education programs .

Increasing the prevalence of diabetes requires a change in concepts related to diabetes management and treatment programs. This change must be switch from the physical variables to psychosocial factors. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on psychological hardiness, caring behavior and coping styles of patients with type 2 diabetes.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test intervention with a control group. The population consisted of diabetic patients who were referred to Besat Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups of 20 people. One group trained by using the ACT approach in eight 2-hour sessions. Other groups trained by the CBT approach in eight 1-hour sessions training. The control group didnchr('39')t receive any training. The data collection tools consisted of the Kobasa psychological hardiness questionnaire (1976), the Endler & Parker coping styles (1990), and the Tobert & Glasgow self-care questionnaire (2000).

The CBT and ACT interventions are effective in increasing the psychological hardiness and self-care behavior and improving coping styles in the experimental groups (P<0.05). Also, the CBT intervention had a greater effect than ACT on the variables of psychological hardiness and self-care behavior in the experimental group. In the variable of coping styles, the ACT intervention had a greater effect on the avoidance and excitement components than the CBT intervention.

In conclusion, it can be said that the CBT and ACT interventions can effectively increase the mental health of patients with type 2 diabetes and help them control their symptoms. It is recommended using these interventions to improve the psychological status of patients with diabetes.

Professional values are standards for action and provide a framework for evaluating professional behavior. Understanding the perception of professional values by nurses is an important step towards effective decision-making and improving patient care quality. Given the different perspectives of understanding the importance and application of professional values in nursing students, this study aimed to investigate the professional values from the perspective of nursing students at the selected military medical university.

This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 134 students of a military nursing college in Tehran, Iran were selected through simple convenience sampling in 2019. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire that included demographic variables and Nursing Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R) 26-item in the five dimensions (caring, activism, trust, professionalism, and justice). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.

Mean scores of caring, activism, trust, professionalism, justice and overall dimensions were 4.10±0.62, 3.81±0.70, 4.01±0.70, 3.86±0.81, 4.13±0.69 and 3.99±0.58 respectively. From the students' perspective, justice and activism were the most important and least important aspects of professional values, respectively. There was a significant correlation between age, gender, marital status and level of education with professional values (P<0.05).

Although professional values from nursing students’ perspective were very important, understanding the importance of certain aspects of the professional values which are related to the nurses’ nonclinical tasks, participate in activities of scientific associations and professional nursing policy decisions requires further support. Therefore, it is recommended that appropriate educational planning is required to enhance the overall area of nursing professional values.

Depression, anxiety and incompatibility are common in soldiers, and positive psychology seeks to focus on positive aspects rather than on disabilities and weaknesses. This study aims to investigate the effect of positive-skill training on the general health and spiritual well-being of soldiers. This was a quasi-experimental study and the population was soldiers in two cities in the west of Iran from 2016 to 2017. A total of 150 soldiers were selected using the convenience method. Soldiers were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (N=75) or the control group (N=75). Before and one month after intervention, soldiers in both groups was assessed by completion of demographic questionnaires: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Ellison and Palutzian's Spiritual Well-being (SWBS( Questionnaire. A four-session intervention was given to the experimental group over one month. No training was given to the control group. A total of 67 soldiers in the intervention group and 70 soldiers in the control group were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the experimental and control groups was 19.4±1.1 years, and the mean duration of military service was 10.8±2.2 months and 12.4±1.9 months, respectively. The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, marital status, education, smoking, physical activity, and the presence of specific disease. The positive training method had a moderate effect on the general health and spiritual well-being of soldiers (p<0.001). The results showed that the positive training method can be used as an effective method for increasing the general health and spiritual well-being of soldiers.

Lower back pain is one of the most prevalent and costly musculoskeletal disorders. This disease is an important factor in the use of health care, and a major reason for the long term disability in military forces, which affects the readiness of personnel and their return to work. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on the amount of pain and disability caused by low back pain in military personnel of an Air force organization. This study was a quasi-experimental study. One hundred six Air force personnel from a military organization with a non-specific chronic low back pain referred to a specialized clinic in 2015 were surveyed. The eligible participants in the study were randomly divided into two intervention (53) and control (53) groups. Instruments included the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The training sessions consisted of three sessions of 45-minute theory and two sessions of one-hour exercise sessions. The control group received only therapeutic routine intervention. The data were collected in the pre-intervention stage within three months after the intervention, and then were analyzed using SPSS 17 software. Patients (53 personnel of a military organization) in the intervention group had a 75% reduction in severity of pain compared with the control group. According to the low back pain disability questionnaire, the patients in the intervention group had 90% reduction in disability in daily activities compared with the control group, indicating an improvement in the intervention group (P <0.001). Implementation of educational intervention to reduce back pain and level of disability of Air force staff of a military organization with chronic back pain is recommended as an effective method along with other interventions.

Since the lifestyle of each individual and society is influenced by the teachings of the beliefs and values of the society, it is essential to obtain the knowledge about the concept of lifestyle and religious beliefs and the interaction of these two categories with spiritual well-being. This study aims to investigate the influence of Islam on lifestyle education to promote spiritual health among military personnel (soldiers) at the military base in Tehran, Iran.
This is a quasi-experimental study. The study population consisted of all soldiers under the supervision of a military university and the selected barracks in Tehran, Iran during 2016. Participants were 160 soldiers divided into two groups (80 in the experimental group and 80 in the control group). To measure the variables of the study, the spiritual well-being scale (SWB) by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982), Kaviani’s Islamic life style questionnaires and the spiritual health questionnaire developed by center of medicine and religion of Baqiyatallah university were all used before and after the intervention. The experimental group underwent 8 hours of direct Islamic lifestyle training by a spiritual mentor during two days with educational multimedia. Questionnaires were completed before and after the intervention by the two groups.
The positive effect of Islamic lifestyle intervention on spiritual well-being was statistically significant (P0.05).
The effect of Islamic life style training on the components of the spiritual health and the spiritual well-being was significant and thus direct educational interventions with the help of educational programs can cause a spiritual health’s indicators upgrade in soldiers.

Although previous investigations have shown that some dietary components can be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), few studies have investigated the association between fast food intake and this disease. The aim of this case-control study was to examine the relationship between fast food intake and NAFLD in male adults.
This study was conducted on 100 NAFLD cases and 300 age-matched normal controls. Total data were collected using a 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and physical activity questionaire. Height and weight were measured by standard methods. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t tests and logistic regression model and P Mean fast food consumption in cases were higher than controls (19.5±7.3 vs 10.5±4.2 gr/day, respectively). Higher intake of fast foods was significantly associated with higher intakes of energy, protein, total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, cole, artificial juices and red meats and lower intakes of fruits, vegetables, legumes and diary products. A higher fast food intake was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD (OR, 3.83; 95%, CI 1.84-7.97; P There was a significant positive relationship between fast food intake and NAFLD in males, emphasizing the need for raising more awareness among individuals on the possible complications of fast food consumption, to decrease their consumption and reduce risk of disease.

Safety in companies related to oil and gas is very important. Hence, the purpose of current study is to assess safety culture by using behavioural and environmental forms in staffs of South Pars Gas Company.
Totally, 1000 participants were randomly selected for this descriptive study from different parts of South Pars Gas Company. After selection of participants, demographic data were collected from each participant and behavioural and environmental forms based on Geller model were completed for all individuals through interview.
Totally, one hundred persons with mean age of 30.33 ± 4.59 years participated in this study. Findings from behavioural form showed that safety status is in an appropriate condition, although some safety items in this form should be paid more attention. Findings from environmental form showed that this company not have appropriate function in some items including education, first aids, equipment safety, chemical substances, pressured cylinders, lighting, sound, vibration, atmospheric condition and ergonomics. Therefore, an appropriate plan is necessary to promote safety culture for these items.
This study showed a good condition for behavioural safety status of South Gas company staffs, but no appropriate condition was seen for environmental safety status. Therefore, this condition should be more attention by the company's managers.

Cell phone technology in universities is growing exponentially, while related social research is rare. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathology and provide the conceptual model of cell phone use in military students during 2017.
This study was a qualitative study using thematic content analysis. Semi-structured interviews and literatures were used to collect data. The semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 media and communications experts by a purposeful sampling method. To analyze the data, descriptive coding, interpretive coding and overarching themes were used.
Three functions and three malfunctions of scientific-educational, cultural-social and communication dimensions were identified, and 35 indicators were determined as positive points and negative damages of cell phones in military students. In addition, three intra-personal, environmental and organizational dimensions were developed to enhance the capabilities and address mobile threats, and 15 indicators were identified as strategies to improve the capabilities and address the threats of the cell phone.
Reducing the negative consequences and promoting the positive use of mobile phones in the field of communication, educational and cultural-social in the military university students should be considered. Also, this study can be considered as an exploratory study for using in military students.

Promoting psycologic health of the schools is one of the most important aspects of human resources improvement, and so in past decades, the health organizations were paid more attraction to it. The aim of the current study was to investigating the effectiveness of self-made multimedia on self efficacy and academic burnout in educable students with mental disabilities.
This quasi-experimental study conducted with pre-post test plan with the control group. The population of the study was consisted of the whole mentally retarded male students in high schools in Alborz state during 2014-2015 academic year. Overally; 40 subject have been selected by total number sampling and were assigned into the control and experimental groups (n=20). Experimental subjects were under education by vali multimedia tool during one academic course. Academic burnout and academic self-efficacy questionnaire used to gathering data and finally these data were analyzed using one way analysis of covariance.
Our data were showed that the effect of the group on emotional subscales, pessimism, ineffectiveness and academic self-efficacy were significant (P=0.01). This means that the intervention used in the present study was statistically influential on these variables.
Multimedia education positively affects on academic burnout and self-efficacy. It increases academic self-esteem and reduces academic burnout. Therefore, this method of education can be used; along with other educational interventions; to improve the performance of students with mentally impaired students.

Today, the teaching and teaching of teachers in the field of learning-learning has become very important. Therefore, it is important to study the influential factors in the field of teaching and their chosen approaches to education. In fact, the kind of curriculum ideology and educational philosophy can be considered as a critical and influential element in the field of teaching and teaching. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between curriculum ideology and educational philosophy with the teaching methods of medical science professors (one of the military medical university of Tehran).
This is a descriptive-correlational study. The population of this study was a faculty member of one of the military medical sciences universities in Tehran who was selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection tools consisted of curriculum ideology questionnaire, educational philosophy and teaching approaches that validity and reliability of them had been confirmed. Pearson correlation was also used to analyze the information in SPSS v22 software.
The findings of the study indicated a significant relationship between the social efficiency ideology (r = 0.23, p Since the findings point to the significant relationship between the dimensions of the curriculum ideology and the educational philosophies with the teaching methods of the faculty, the universities studied and the similar universities can provide education and programs to raise the level of the quality and familiarity of the faculty with the orientations of the curriculum and the philosophies governing the field.

Due to the limitations of financial resources in medical centers in the country, considering the utilization of beds and hospital bed occupancy rate are considered extremely important. This study was conducted in order to determine the affecting factors of bed occupation index using Multiple Criteria Decision Making approach in a military hospital.
This research was a descriptive study, which was conducted during 2015. The statistical population consisted of the chief executive manager, top manager, training supervisor and the heads of all the inpatient wards. Eighteen subjects were selected in the study through the census method. The gathering data tool was the comparisons questionnaire for factors affecting bed occupation, which its face and content validity were confirmed using expert's opinions. Data analysis were done using the Expert Choice software V11.
Eighteen subjects participated as samples in this study which consisted of 2 managers, 10 nurses and nursing directors, and 6 healthcare management experts. Six main criteria were defined for determining the affecting factors of bed occupation index including: clinic activation, Physician staff, financial access, the type of hospital and its services, the disease in the region and an active emergency. Among the main criteria, financial access had the highest geometric mean or priority (0.214) and clinic activation had the lowest geometric mean or priority (0.129).
According to the 6 criteria mentioned as the affecting factors in the bed occupancy rate, In addition to providing high -quality services and enough insurance coverage, hospitals must pay more attention to more active clinics and emergencies as the input of patients to hospitals.

Spiritual well-being is one of the fundamental concepts in chronic diseases and is considered an important approach to improve public health among individuals. Given the importance of spiritual well-being and its role in the promotion of mental health, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating spiritual well-being and mental health in patients with breast cancer who visited a center for cancer control at the University of Medical Sciences.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 patients with breast cancer in 2015. The data were collected through self-administered 20-item Paloutzian & Ellison’s Spiritual Well-Being Scale and a 28-item questionnaire of mental health after determining their validity and reliability. The collected data were then analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation and linear regression.
The results show that most patients had moderate spiritual health (37.8%), and most of them suffered mild mental health problems. (50 percent). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between mental health and demographic characteristics (Marital status, education, income, physical activity). There was also a significant relationship between mental health and spiritual health.
According to the findings, to prevent mental suffering among patients with breast cancer, promoting spiritual health of patients should be regarded as one of the priorities of health care professionals.

Nutrition knowledge has a direct impact on food consumption and dietary habits. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the predictors of nutrition knowledge on dietary behaviours in one of the military hospitals in Mashhad.
In this analytic cross- sectional study, medical staff were examined in terms of nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviours and food consumption in 2016. The used tools included demographic questionnaire, Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Adults NKQA( (46 items), Dietary Habits and Nutritional Knowledge questionnaire DHNK( (47 items) and Food Frequency Questionnaire )FFQ) (54 items). Multiple regression model was used to investigate the relationship between subscales of NKQA, FFQ, DHNK with the medical staff’s food consumption.
This study was conducted on 300 medical staff. The mean age of the participants was 30.7±8.5 years old and the mean BMI was 23.74±3.7. By using Spearman correlation coefficient, there was only a significant relationship between dietary habits and the body mass index. Male and female medical staff had good scores in nutrition knowledge and dietary habits subscales, but had poor scores in familiarity with food pyramid and nutrition content of food and had fair scores in nutrition benefits of foods. Nutrition knowledge p=0.0001) and nutrition benefits of food (p=0.025) subscales scores were significantly higher in the female group. By using the multiple regression model, 14 percent of food consumption variations in the female group are justified by the nutrition benefits of food and nutrition knowledge. In the male group, there is no significant relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary habits subscales and consumption of food groups.
Regarding significant relationship between the two subscales, nutrition benefits of food and nutrition knowledge, and the consumption of food groups in the female group, the higher scores in these subscales in the female group reveals this fact that women are more likely to apply nutrition knowledge in their diets and pay more attention to their health.

Nowadays, effective relationships with customers create value for healthcare systems. Successful organizations attract lifetime customers, respond to customers in the shortest time, with the best quality and the lowest cost. The present study aimed to consider the correlation between Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tasks in a military hospital in Tehran during 2015.
This study is an analytic study. The statistical population of this study were the nurses in a military hospital. Samples were gathered using random method. The data collection tools were the researcher-made questionnaire of CRM and CKM. The validity and reliability of these questionnaires were confirmed by researchers. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis method was used to determine the impact of the variables. Also, the SPSS and Amos (ver18) softwares were used.
Among the dimensions of CRM, “Retention” had the highest mean score (3.8 ±0.6) and “Client Interaction” had the lowest average score (3.4 ±0.6). Among the dimensions of CKM, “Knowledge from Client” had the highest average score (3.9 ±0.9) and “Knowledge about Client” had the lowest average score (3.4 ±0.6). Also, the CKM had an impact on CKM tasks with 0. 95.
Since the customer interaction score was lower among other CRM tasks, in order to improve interactions with customers or patients, hospitals can design training sessions in this regard for their staff.

Improving self-regulation strategies is one of the most important purposes in medical education in the century of information. This study aims to investigate relationship between critical thinking and information literacy with self-regulation strategies of Nursing School at Razi Medical Science University in the academic year of 2014-2015.
This study designed in correlational-descriptive method. In order to doing this study, 160 students of the Nursing School at Razi Medical Science University which were studing in the 2014-2015 academic year were selected. In access sampling method was used to select the participants. In order to collect data California critical thinking “B” Questionnaire (Kuder–Richardson Reliability 0.67), Information Literacy Questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha, 0.81) and Academic self-regulation questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.78) was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS Ver.19 and Persons correlation test.
There was a significant relationship between critical thinking and information literacy with self-regulation Strategies (P According to significant relationship between critical thinking and information literacy with relf-regulation Strategies, it can be concluded that promotion of self-regulation relates to enhance the critical thinking and information literacy. In particular, self-regulation strategies and critical thinking are critically important in medical students.

Since the youth is a major portion of the population in our country, health department lays more emphasis on their perception and knowledge of HIV as well as HIV/AIDS education to them. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of an HIV/AIDS workshop education program on the knowledge and attitudes of the Tehran/Iran university students by using social cognitive theory(SCT).
Material and The pubulations of the study was 400 undergraduate students of different fields at Tehran University who voluntarily took part in the study via workshop announcement posters. Totally,58 out of the 400 participants attended all the workshop sessions. The subjects of the two day workshop include: epidemiology, transition, prevention, test and treatment, sexual transmitted diseases, sexual health, consultation, behavioral skills, self- awareness, decision making ability, problem solving, assertiveness, and negotiation. The educational model was based on SCT. The education consist of modeling, behavioral capabilities, Expectations and self-efficacy. A self-administered validated questionnaire was given to the participants before and after intervention.
Education had significant impact on knowledge(P.P=0.01 ) but not significant effect on attitude toward HIV/AIDS(P>0.05)P=0.11) .
SCT base education had significant impact on knowledge, but it had no impact on attitude. The use of the other theories and their impacts on behavior change, and their continuity are recommended.

Disaster preparedness and management in hospitals are interesting research topics. With regard to the studies conducted, this research is performed to collect and compare the published studies about preparation in all hospitals dealing with disaster in the country. In this review study, data and information was searched and collected based on the keywords consist of "hospital disaster readiness", "hospital disaster", "disaster management system" in databases such as Iran Medex, SID, Magiran and also PubMed and Google scholar. Quality assessment of papers was evaluated and finally, the results was compared and analyzed. A total of 32 articles were found; 21relevant articles were analyzed. According to the results, in most studies, crisis preparation of hospitals was moderate. Therefore, planning is important in order to implement the crisis management program for hospitals and to improve their preparedness in the country.

Due to the increas ing of the cesarean operations in Iran as a health problem and its effects on maternal mortality, this study aims to determine the prediction of the type of delivery according to the T heory of Planed B ehaviors (TPB). This study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method in the second half of 2012 and the first half of 2013 on 392 pregnant women admitted to the women’s clinics of Baqiyatallah and Najmieh hospitals in Tehran. The data were collected through a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior variables such as knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm and behavioral intention. Data were analyzed u sing SPSS software version 16, and logistic regression. The mean age of the mothers under study was 27.6 + 4.5. O ut of 392 pregnant studied wome n, 218 (58.1%) had chosen a vaginal delivery, while 157 (41.9%) had chosen cesarean delivery. Among the theory of planned behavior variables, the subjective norm variable can predict the pregnant women’s informed choice (Wald=49.74). Other effective variables are knowledge, attitudes and perceived behavioral control, respectively. The subjective norm (social factor) was identified as the most effective factor to predict informed delivery choice type. Therefore, along with educational programs to promote awareness and attitude of young women about natural delivery, it is recommended to encourage and promote natural childbirth by specialists including obstetric and gynecologists by using legislation and monitoring.

Background Spiritual wellbeing is considered as an important aspect of human health which provides a coordinated and integrated relation between the internal forces, and by creating meaning and purpose in life is thought as an important approach to promote general health. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim to assess the Spiritual wellbeing of the staff of one University of Medical Sciences in Tehran city. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 503 university employees (including the three covered hospitals and the faculties’ staff) with a multi-stage sampling (based on the percentage of the employed people in each department/ administrative or medical staff), during 2012. The data were collected through Ellison and Paloutzian 20-item Spiritual wellbeing questionnaires and after determining their validity and reliability by self report, then were analyzed with SPSS software version 16, One way-ANOVA and correlation tests. According to the results, 57.3% of the staff were women, 61.8% were married and 26.4% had a work experience between 3 to 5 years. In this study, a total of 61.4% of the staff had a good Spiritual wellbeing score. Spiritual wellbeing had significant relationship with age, work experience, history of psychiatric disorders, moderate physical activity, housing conditions and participation in the rites of Hajj association. Planning to promote physical, psychological, social and occupational health in staff is a top priority. Regarding the promotion of the income, welfare, physical activity and lifestyle is recommended for the employee.

Nurses must stay awake during the night to provide nursing cares. This can cause sleep problems in these personnel. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders among military nurses. A sample of 272 nurses who were randomly selected with a multi stage cluster method, participated in this cross sectional study. Sleep quality and day time sleepiness were assessed based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth sleepiness scale. Demographic characteristics were also collected and all data analyzed with SPSS 15. Of 272 studied nurses, 43% were male and 57% were female. Daytime Sleepiness score was achieved 16%. Most of the nurses had a degree of sleep disruption (63.8%) and only 10.9% had not had any sleep disorders. Due to similar rate of sleep disorders and sleepiness in military nurses to other shift work personnel, necessary measures should be similarly taken to reduce this problem.

Nowadays 60% of deaths and 47% of diseases load worldwide caused by chronic diseases. Considering the different results of the conducted studies, the current study was performed to review the effect of life style educational intervention on improving cardiovascular risk factors. In this review, English and Persian databases were investigated. All types of studies were included. There was no time limit. The articles in any other languages but English (except for Persian), and also abstracts presented in international congresses and meetings were excluded. Other studies were included if they had an acceptable JADAD score. During the primary search, 194 articles were found which through investigations 43 articles were finally included. The articles were published from 1989 to 2013. There were 3 domestic papers. Only two articles (4.65%) did not show any improvement in the risk factors while the others suggested significant improvements in the risk factors following educational intervention. Considering the general findings of the reviewed articles, it seems that the majority of the articles confirmed the effect of lifestyle education on cardiovascular risk factors- blood cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cigarette smoking along with knowledge and attitude in high risk patients. The finding shows the necessity of “lifestyle” educational intervention in patients at risk for cardiovascular events.