فاطمه صابری

This research aims to identify the consequences of knowledge hiding and develop a structural model and the causal relationships between them using a mixed method. Research methodology is pragmatic paradigm in terms of research philosophy with integrated approach, the first phase is qualitative and the second phase is quantitative, it is also survey in terms of research strategy. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes 34 articles out of 45 related to the period 2000 to 2023 and related to the consequences of knowledge hiding. In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population included 10 experts in the field of knowledge management. In the first phase, data was obtained from the content analysis of articles related to knowledge hiding, in which 16 consequences of knowledge hiding were identified. In the second step, fuzzy Delphi was adopted in order to select the most important ones and finally 8 factors were identified. In the next step, the structural model of these factors was developed using the interpretive structural modeling method. By using Micmac analysis, the factors were classified based on driving and dependence power. At the end, the fuzzy DEMATEL method was adopted in order to analyze the causal relationships between the factors. The results showed that lack of empowerment is the most important consequence of knowledge hiding, and lack of creativity and innovation, low quality of decision-making, lack of organizational commitment, job dissatisfaction, lack of organizational development, poor performance and turnover intentions are other consequences of knowledge hiding.

Rivers efficiently transfer microplastics into seas, meanwhile they can be temporarily stored in sediments, where they undergo further fragmentation due to biological and physical processes. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the distribution and abundance of microplastics (MPs) in the surface sediments of Khormarud River, Golestan province, Iran. A total of 15 sediment samples (5 stations with 3 replicates) were taken in the spring of 2022 and the identification of MP was studied using a stereomicroscope. Their polymer compositions were characterized using weak total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results showed that station 5, with high human activities, had the highest frequency of MPs with 880±160 particle/kg of dry sediments, and station 1, upstream of the river, had the lowest frequency with 200±66 particle/kg. The average of MPs observed in all studied stations was 430.17 ± 92.8 particles. The most abundant MPs were fiber (77.52%) and the least abundant were films (3.10%). The results showed that the 500-1000 µm group had the highest frequency with 44.19%, while the 3000-5000 µm group had the lowest frequency with 3.88%. Black color was the most frequent with 55.81% and blue color was the least frequent with 2.33%. The polymer composition of MPs includes polypropylene (PP, 41%), polyethylene (PE, 30%), polystyrene (PS, 16%), polyester (PS, 11%), and polyamide (PA, 2%). The results of this study showed that MPs in coastal sediments have a complex source that is mostly derived from tourism, sewage, and packaging.

Knowledge is always considered a valuable asset and strength for organizations, and its achievement is a competitive advantage for organizations. Just as sharing knowledge has positive consequences for the organization, knowledge hiding can have destructive effects on the organization's performance in various aspects. It is necessary to encourage the factors that reduce the knowledge hiding behavior of employees, and one of the strongest factors of this is the leadership in the organization. The aim of this study is to systematic review the impact of different leadership styles on knowledge hiding with a meta-analytical approach. From a total of 167 articles that were obtained in the initial search from reliable scientific information and citation databases, 24 articles were finally selected for meta-analysis based on the protocol clauses. The analyzes show that according to the heterogeneity of the reviewed studies in relation to the research hypotheses based on the random effect size, the effect of all leadership styles on knowledge hiding is confirmed. Also, the results of the fail-safe N test show the stability and immutability of the results of this research. The results of this research show that ethical, altruistic, knowledge, inclusive and empowering leadership styles have a negative effect on knowledge hiding and exploitative leadership style has a positive effect on knowledge hiding.

The circumstances of revelation in verses of the Holy Quran play a key role in the deep and accurate understanding of the verses. Therefore, its detailed examination is one of the main tasks of exegetists in explaining and interpreting the verses correctly. Verse 207 of Surah Al-Baqarah, known as the “Shara’ Verse” or the Verse of Sacrifice, is one of the verses that Shiite theologians and exegetists cite to prove the virtue and status of Imam Ali (AS)’s Imamate. Undoubtedly, knowing the contents and details of the revelation of this verse can play a role in the correctness or incorrectness of this reference. Therefore, this article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to answer the question: What is the opinion of the exegetists of the Fariqain (Shia and Sunni) regarding the revelation of the verse of the Quran? Based on the findings of this research, the vast majority of Shiite exegetists attribute the revelation of the Verse of Sacrifice to Imam Ali (AS)’s sacrifice in “Laylat al-Mabit”. On the other hand, most of the Sunni exegetists refrain from mentioning the circumstances of the revelation of this verse or mentioning the name of Imam Ali (AS) along with other Companions. Only Hakim Haskani, the Hanafi Muhaddith of the fifth century, agrees with the opinion of the Shiite exegetists and considers the revelation of this verse to be specific to Imam Ali (AS). It seems that the political atmosphere ruling the Islamic society, especially in the early centuries, which was full of grudges and hostility towards Amir al-Mu’minin Ali (AS), is the main reason for the denial of the circumstances of revelation of this verse by most Sunni exegetists.

Child marriage is a socio-cultural phenomenon that affects the lives of girls in some parts of the country and leads to many personal and social problems and damages. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the marital experiences of children in marriage in women living in Shiraz city in Fars province. Purposive sampling was done through snowball method with 10 women in-depth interviews. The text of the interviews was analyzed using theoretical coding method. The findings of the research, which are the results of interviews, include causal conditions (gender stereotypes, lack of choice of spouse, lack of awareness), background conditions (lack of sexual readiness, passive agency) and intervention conditions (emotional entanglement, role weakness, interaction tension generator) that the category of marital impotence emerged as the main phenomenon. The results show that marrying at a young age makes women face powerlessness in the personal and interactive field of marital relations. Their action against the problem of powerlessness occurs in the form of concealment, divorce, adaptation and forced silence. Among its consequences, we can mention marital boredom, dissatisfaction with life, frustration, social isolation and emotional divorce.

Determining reservoir parameters is very important which is usually conducted in laboratories, but, it is an expensive, time consuming and difficult process.Therefore, in this study, NMR log has been used to determine porosity, permeability, capillary pressure in the upper part of Dalan Formation in well SP-A of South Pars gas field. In this method, the capillary pressure versus Sw was plotted from the T2 distribution of NMR log and then compared with the curves obtained from mercury injection in the studied well. High Correlation coefficient of 0.93 and 0.98 are obtained by comparing core derived versus NMR porosity and Timur permeability (mean NMR Timur permeability 80 md) for the reservoir zone (k4). According to well log and software evaluation mean total porosity is 15.5% and mean effective porosity is 11.9 % for the study area. Low shale volume, adequate porosity showed that talent the reservoir of the study area is high.

In organization and management studies, the collective expression of constructive ideas, dissatisfactions, formal and informal participation in influencing the development of the organization is known as the employee's voice. Studies show that the two-way relationship between employees and supervisors and leader-member exchange (LMX) are factors influencing voice behavior. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) on employee voice. In this research, in order to understand more comprehensively the impact of leader-member exchange on the employee's voice a systematic review and meta-analysis approach were used. From the total of 88 articles obtained in the initial search, according to a systematic protocol 33 articles were analyzed using the meta-analysis method with two fixed and random effects models and using CMA 2 software. The results show that according to the heterogeneity of the reviewed studies, the influence of the leader-member relationship on the voice of the employees is confirmed. Also, the results of the Fail-Safe N test show the stability and immutability of the results of this research. The results of this research show that employees express their ideas when there is a strong LMX relationship between leaders and followers. This type of encouragement allows employees to be more creative and take risks and fostering innovative work behaviors.

Asmari-Jahrom reservoirs are one of the main fractured reservoirs in the southwest of Iran and the world (Nelson, 2001). It is very important to study the role of these fractures in increasing the permeability and movement of hydrocarbons along these reservoirs (Alavi, 2004, 2007; McQuillan, 1986). In this study, petrophysical logs (NPHI, RHOB, DT, GR) and image logs (FMI) in GEOLOG 7.0 and CIFLOG software were investigated. Finally, by calculating the amount of fracture and vuggy porosity and correlating them with velocity deviation log (VDL) and fracture parameters (VAH, VDC), it was shown that the amount of fracture porosity is directly related to fracture aperture (VAH) and where the velocity deviation log is negative and low, fracture parameters especially the VAH diagrams show the high peaks. Also, the predominant type of porosity in the reservoir based on the velocity deviation log is the matrix (primary) porosity, which at some distances, fracture porosity and vuggy can be seen in the reservoir. Finally, based on indirect evidence (drilling mud wastage), type of the porosity (matrix, fracture and vuggy), the amount of porosity and the quality of oil saturation in the well, 18 zones were identified, which to determine the quality zone (s) with appropriate reservoir quality. In Asmari Formation of the studied well, in the depth range of 2225 to 2250, the highest fracture density is observed, based on which Zone No. 4 can be introduced as the region with the highest relative permeability for this formation. Also, the highest fracture density in Jahrom Formation is between 2475 to 2569 depth range, which can be said that Zone No. 16 has provided the highest permeability in the Jahrom Formation.

Although urbanization brings prosperity and comfort to rural migrants and increases the income and perhaps the socio-economic base of migrants, it may endanger the health of people and their health Issues such as air pollution, noise pollution and urban pollution in general, migration from the village to the city is an inevitable process that takes place with different standards in all countries of the world, including our country, and this has attracted the attention of most urban thinkers. The cultural inconsistencies that immigrants have with the urban population increases the possibility of social deviations .The research method is analytical and it is classified as applied research in terms of the type of research. The statistical population of the research is 10,038 people aged 20-34 from rural areas living in Semiram city, and using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 320 people was selected. The sampling method in this research is random. The findings of the study show that there is a significant relationship between the variables of age, access to facilities and welfare services of villagers, the level of satisfaction with educational facilities, the ease of access to the city and the influence of mass communication tools and the desire to settle in the city.Also, there was no significant relationship between the variables of socio-economic base, gender, distance from the village to the city, and the type of use of mass communication tools and the desire to live in the city.

The Pabdeh formation which is organic matter-rich in its certain layers in some of the oil fields and can be considered as a source rock, has been studied to illuminate the effect of clay minerals and hydrocarbon generation on the primary migration of hydrocarbons of this formation in one of the wells in the Karanj oil field. Based on the rock-eval and XRD results and electron microscopy images before and after heating the selected samples and creation of artificial thermal maturation, it was determined that the illitization in conjunction with hydrocarbon generation process has responsibility for migration of hydrocarbons through the source rock, a process referred to as primary migration. In fact, by maturing the immature source rock in the laboratory trough heating, the illitization process by releasing water, brittle minerals such as quartz and illite and also hydrocarbon production cause local pressure until it reaches the rock’s fracture strength. Therefore, the microfractures initiate preferably in low-strength pathway with a high smectite/illite contentthat converted to brittle minerals (illite and quartz) and could explain primary migration in Pabdeh source rock in Karanj oil field.

Ghavoot is a traditional food product that is made from a combination of powders of several types of plant seeds mixed with sugar. It is traditionally used for its energogenic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-anxiety properties. In this study, the effect of buckwheat, chia and quinoa on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of ghavoot was investigated. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ghavoot samples were measured using Folin–Ciocalteau and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant difference in terms of percentage of dry matter (61.37-70.58), brix (38.83-77.56), ash (1.5-3.41), total sugar (16.73 -57.15) and fat (8-22/6) among the studied ghavoot samples. The amount of phenolic compounds was in the range of 1248.73 to 1329.49 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g sample, and the highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was related to the samples with chia seeds. The results of color indexes showed that the highest amount of L index was related to buck wheat ghavoot samples and the highest amount of a and b indexes were observed in chia samples. In general, the results of this study showed that buckwheat, quinoa and chia cereals as semi cereal can be used in the preparation of ghavoot and it is possible to use the nutritional and antioxidant properties of these compounds in the production of this traditional product.

For knowledge localization of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) production as biological pest control, optimization of culture medium is necessary. In this study, Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis–BN1 (Btt–BN1) was used as a biological pesticide to control elm leaf beetles. The aim of optimizing the desire culture medium is to increase the production efficiency of Bt biopesticide using agricultural and food wastes as cheap raw materials. To optimize the parameters of the culture medium, experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) was applied with a central composite design (CCD) approach. The parameters including the amount of carbon (sugar cane molasses, oats and wheat bran sources) and the amount of nitrogen (corn syrup source) at three levels (0.6 to 1 percent of sugar cane molasses, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of oat, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of wheat bran and 1 to 5 percent of corn syrup) were investigated with colony forming unit (CFU) response. The results obtained under operating conditions of pH = 7, temperature of 30oC after 72 hours. The results showed that the maximum CFU for the minimum concentration of oats (0.3%), the minimum concentration of wheat bran (0.3%), the maximum concentration of sugar cane molasses (1%) and the minimum concentration of corn syrup (1%) were equivalent to 8.36 11 spores.ml–1. In addition, the results of Btt–BN1 bioassay survey on elm leaf beetle showed that two concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 percent cause 67.7% and 80.0% of mortality, respectively.