فاطمه ملکی

There are various methods to prevent river bank erosion, one of them is groin. These structures are used to control the natural movement of the bed and reduce the movement of sediments by reducing the power of the water flow. Groins are divided into permeable and impermeable types, the permeable form of which is used in rivers where the amount of suspended load is high. By reducing the speed of the flow in the groin field, the sedimentary materials are quickly deposited. This process and then creating a thick sedimentary layer, keeping the erosion flow away from the groin area and it provides the stable conditions necessary to protect the banks. In this study, the performance of parallel permeable groin and single permeable groin has been compared. For this purpose, a flume with a length of 5 meters, width of 30 cm and height of 30 cm has been used. Experiments have been conducted with 60 and 40% permeability rates in clear water conditions, and the observations from the experiments have been made in relation to the maximum scour depth and the changes in the topography of the flume bed have been compared.

Groins are one of the ways to protect river banks against erosion. These structures prevent their erosion by diverting the flow from the river bank. In this study, a new arrangement of permeable groin is presented, which are called radial groin. In order to investigate the behavior and performance of this type of groin, a flume with a length of 5 meters, width of 30 cm and height of 30 cm was used. The experiments were conducted with a permeability rate of 60% in clear water conditions and in the back to the flow state, and the observations from the experiments were made in relation to the maximum scouring depth and the changes in the topography of the flume bed with straight and parallel arrangement of scours with the same permeability has been compared. The results show that the radial arrangement has performed better than the parallel and direct arrangement and has been more successful in creating scour pits with less depth.

In a laboratory study, a new arrangement for permeable groin has been presented in which the form and number of groin bars are different compared to the conventional direct form, and the effect of this new arrangement on the maximum depth of the scour hole was investigated at the groin nose. The permeability values of the groin group are considered equal to 40, 60 and 80% and the tests were performed in clear water conditions. The flow rate and bed conditions are considered the same in all tests and the behavior of groin to deal with local scouring of the nose under the change in permeability and the number of bars in the groin group in both radial absorbing and direct forms has been investigated and compared. The results show that among the tests conducted, the maximum depth of the erosion hole decreased with the increase in permeability, and also the performance of the provided radial absorbent arrangement is better and more effective than the direct arrangement in controlling the maximum depth of the erosion hole.

The construction of water structures such as groin is done to protect the beaches and prevent their erosion. These structures disrupt the uniform regime of flow and sediment transport. In most cases, these conditions lead to local scouring of the bed. In order to protect the bed and minimize the depth of the scour hole, various arrangements for the groins have been proposed and tested. In this study, the influence of the angle of circulation in the radial arrangement of the permeable groin and its comparison with the direct permeable groin has been investigated. For this purpose, a flume with a length of 5 meters, a width of 30 cm and a height of 30 cm was used, and tests were performed with three different permeability rates of 40, 60 and 80% in clear water conditions. The results show that in the radial arrangement, the maximum depth of the scour hole at the toe of the groin and its width have decreased compared to the direct arrangement, and the radial arrangement has a better performance to prevent the erosion of the river bed.

The scouring phenomenon is one of the issues that are always important in the design of various types of hydraulic structures; among these structures is the groin. These structures prevent their erosion by diverting the flow from the river bank. The flow mechanism in rivers at the locations of groin is such that the bed of a river undergoes changes and erosion over time. In this study, the performance of the permeable radial groin with different numbers was investigated. Also this groin was comparison with the double and single direct permeable arrangement. For this purpose, a flume with 5, 0.3, 0.3 meter long, wide and high was used, respectively. The experiments were conducted with a permeability rate of 40% in clear water conditions. The observations from the experiments regarding the maximum scour depth created in the flume bed show that the number of groin in a radial arrangement has an effect on the maximum scour hole depth.

Type 2 diabetes is a health problem and is an emergency that has the fastest growth worldwide. Diabetes is one of the priorities of all public health systems this study aimed to determine the quality of diabetes control in urban family physician centers of Sari city in 1382-1398.

This study was a cross-sectional and cross-sectional study. The required sample size was 275 patients who were selected randomly (a total of 300 patients) and 20 clusters (center), each consisting of 15 diabetic patients, were controlled. The population of the study included all patients with type 2 diabetes referred to health care centers of sari. The cases included age, sex, level of FBS, 2 hpp, HbA1c, blood pressure, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and body mass index as well as eye examination and amputation were also recorded all the information contained the seal of the family physician. In this study, after data collection, the degree of conformity was compared with ADA guidelines. According to the American diabetes association (ADA), the goal of the treatment of this disease is reaching FBS: 90-130, HbA1c below 7%, BS2hpp<180, BMI; 18.5 to 24.9, TG below 150, LDL below 100 and HDL is equal to 50. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software. Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation for quantitative and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables were discussed.

The study of 300 type 2 diabetic patients showed that the range of age ranged between 30 to 86 years with a mean and standard deviation of 57.5±10.4 years. Also, the lowest body mass index of the patients was 21 and the highest was 53 with a median of 29.4 and an interquartile range (of 27.20 - 32.8). The systolic blood pressure of patients had a median of 120 and interquartile range (110-130) and diastolic blood pressure had a median of 75 and interquartile (75-80). followed by ADA protocol, the frequency of fasting blood glucose (38.4%), blood glucose two hours after meal (37.1%), total 52cases (17.2%) blood sugar control patients according to the American diabetes association .triglyceride (39.7%), HDL in (49% ) and LDL (55.6%) were matched with ADA protocol .also, 32 cases (10.6%) had blood lipid by ADA protocol. Eye examination (14.6%), one turn, (8.3%), three times (1.3%), and three times (0.3%) were performed. also, in 65 cases (21.6%), careful foot examination was done.in addition, 4 cases (1/3%) had amputation due to diabetes and 12 cases (4%) had microalbuminuria.

The result obtained in this study shows that the status of diabetes control in the studied population is better than other studies in Iran however it is far from the standards of the American Diabetes Association, the need for more planning and intervention in the need for correct education and timely referral to There are specialized centers, training and intervention to reduce the weight of these patients. Factors such as lifestyle and socio-economic conditions that institutions and service providers have no control over should be corrected by policymakers

The extract of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss, in addition to its antioxidant properties, also has a marvellous anti-amyloidogenic effectthat can be used for the treatment of amyloidosis. The aim of this study was to prepare silver nanoparticles from the aqueous extract of mountain thyme (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss), to investigate its antioxidant and inhibitory effect on the production of amyloid nanofibrils (bovine serum album (BSA) as a model protein).

This study was conducted experimentally in the laboratory of Payam Noor University in Qom Province in 2022. First, nanoparticles were prepared from aqueous thyme extract and added to AgNo3 silver nitrate solution (one millimolar). ThenFTIR, EDX, DLSand SEM methods were used to study the properties and size of the nanoparticles. The removing of free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to study the antioxidant effects of the extract and the Concorde absorption method was used to study the production of amyloid nanofibrils. The chemical composition of the extract was analysed using the gas chromatography method. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and ANOVA tests were used with SPSS software version 23.

The phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed seven compounds. Most compounds were associated with 5,4-alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy (43.53%), 2-ethyl-piperidine-1-methyl (31.02%) and thymol (23.65%). The UV-Vis spectrum showed the highest absorbance at 460 nm. The SEM results confirmed the production of spherical nanoparticles with a size of 70-93 nm. The concentrations of 0.8 and 1 mg/ml of the extract were able to inhibit DPPH by more than 50%. The highest antioxidant activity in the sample containing 2 ml of the nanoparticle solution (sample 5) was 56.82%. The highest inhibition of amyloid nanofibril production was observed at a concentration of 2 mg/ml with 95%.

Thus, the synthesized nanoparticles have potent antioxidant and anti-amyloidogenic properties and can be used as antioxidants.

Adipokines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alternate day low-calorie diet and resistance training on inflammatory and metabolic indicators in obese women. In this semi-experimental study, 32 healthy obese women aged 30-45 years old and with a body mass index between 27 and 35 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and equally randomly divided into four groups: control, resistance training, alternate day low-calorie diet, resistance training and alternate day low-calorie diet (combined). The training groups performed a resistance training program with an intensity of 50 to 85% of 1RM, three sessions per week, for eight weeks. During this period, the diet groups were subjected to a diet plan including days with calorie restriction (odd days) and free days (even days). Before starting the research protocol and 72 hours after the last training session, body composition and serum levels of inflammatory and metabolic indices were measured. Factorial repeated-measured ANOVA was used for data analysis, at the level of P<0.05. The interaction effect of time × group was significant for body weight (P=0.006) and BMI (P=0.007). The results showed a significant increase in body weight (P=0.016) and BMI (P=0.005) in the control group. While in the alternate day low-calorie diet (P=0.035) and combined (P=0.032) groups, a significant decrease in body weight was observed. The interaction effect of time × group was also significant for the serum levels of TNF-α (P=0.027) and insulin (P=0.025). The serum concentration of TNF-α was associated with a significant increase in the alternate day low-calorie diet group (P=0.000) and the combined group (P=0.011). Serum levels of insulin in the alternate day low-calorie diet (P=0.026) and combined (P=0.022) groups had a significant decrease compared to the control group. Significant changes in serum adiponectin levels were observed in the alternate day low-calorie diet (P=0.021) and combined (P=0.003) groups compared to the control group. It seems that a longer period of time is needed to observe the effects of alternate day low-calorie diet alone or combined with resistance training in obese women on improving body composition and, as a result, inflammatory and metabolic indicators.

Mehdi Akhavan Sales is one of the contemporary Persian poets whose unique mastery over Persian classical literature is remarkable. He is a poet, critic, and theoretician of Neo-Nimai poetry as well as a story writer. Therefore, there are various types of intertextual relationships such as inter-author (link with works of past and contemporary peers), intra-author (links between all verse and prose works), intertextual (links between all verse works), and intra-text (link and relationships of an independent work). Also, the types of transtextuality considered by Genette, such as intertextuality, hypertextuality, architextuality, and paratextuality can be identified in his works. In line with the intertextual approach proposed by Genette, the goal of this descriptive-analytical research is to read and examine the poems of Mehdi Akhavan Sales while focusing on the relationships between them. Findings suggest that reading all the poems together frequently helps to clear up the ambiguities and to facilitate understanding.

Intertextuality is one of the new topics in literary criticism that deals with the relationship and interaction between texts. According to this theory, any text makes sense with the texts before it and no text is independent and conscious or unconscious speakers have benefited from each other's literary and intellectual sources. Intertextuality was first proposed by Julia Kristova, and later Geragent, as one of the most influential researchers in the field, developed this theory by examining his studies. Genet called his collection of studies transmittent. He divided the transtextuality into five categories, which are: intertextuality, paratextuality, hypertextuality, supertextuality, hypertextuality. Each of these five categories examines a type of relationship between a text and others. Among which intertextuality received more attention. This study has analyzed the effectiveness of the "Unseen Witness" manuscript of Abdolrahman Jami's "Yousef and Zuleikha" Masnavi based on the intertextual approach. The fruits of this research show that although these two works are completely different in terms of subject matter, but they have a lot in common in terms of text, verbal structure and narrative. And the author of "The Unseen Witness" has been influenced by Jami's thoughts and ideas in "Haft Orang", especially his "Bosef and Zuleikha", and intertextual relations are explicitly, explicitly and implicitly.

Couple therapists believe that marital conflict is caused by inconsistency between husband and wife in the type of needs and how to satisfy them, self-centeredness, differences in desires, behavioral schemas and irresponsible behavior towards marital relationship and marriage.The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of comparing the effectiveness of schema mode cards and the effectiveness of strength-based counseling on resilience in conflicted couples.

The purpose of the present research was applied and its method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of the 3rd district of Tehran in the second half of the year 2021, and 30 couples were selected randomly in two experimental groups (10 couples each) and a control group (10 couples) ) were assigned. The research tools included Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Connor and Davidson's (2003) Resilience Scale, Tabataeifar et al's. (2022) Schema Mode Cards training package, and strength-based counseling method conducted by Darbani and Parsakia (2022).

The findings indicate that the training of schema mode cards was effective on resilience. Also, the strength-based counseling was also effective on resilience, and the effectiveness of both approaches was stable in the follow-up phase according to Bonferroni's follow-up test. The results of the data analysis show that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of teaching schema mode cards and strength-based counseling on resilience, and both are equally effective (p<0.05).

Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that to increase resilience in conflicted couples, both methods of teaching schema mode cards and strength-based counseling can be used, and there is no significant difference between the two in the impact on the resilience of conflicted couples.

Peer guidance has been welcomed in medical science education in recent years. One of the dimensions of the success of this process is the selection of a competent peer leader who can fulfill his role well. The present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing a narrative on the dos and don'ts of selecting peer mentors in medical science education

This study is a narrative review method that was conducted during three stages of literature search, data evaluation and analysis with the aim of providing an overview of the characteristics and dos and don'ts of selecting peer guides. Gathering information by searching for the keywords of Peer Mentors, Peer Mentoring, Peer Mentors, Peer Mentoring, with the help of logical operators from the articles of Persian language databases; SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and other databases. English language Science Direct, web of science and Scopus, Cochrane and PubMed and Google Scholar search engines have been used without time limit

9 characteristics and competences have been extracted for peer educators, which are included in the category of competences, and they are: similarity and common areas (principle of compatibility), having strong communication skills, ability in the field of leadership, passion and enthusiasm for education. and supporting others, paying attention to the training process in guiding with a mutual approach, having enough time for guiding, empathy, flexibility and criticism, trustworthiness; And four negative characteristics were also obtained in the opposite point, which are included in the category of not to choose a peer guide and include: not playing a role in the form of a private tutor, academic advisor and trainer editor, also the peer guide should not have a communication style in relation to the guided follow threatening or hierarchical

Accurate identification of the characteristics and competencies of peer mentors along with the effectiveness of the mentoring program and the competencies of the mentored person can lead to the desired result. The findings of this research can help educational planners to select peer leaders who have the necessary competencies and strive to achieve the goals of the process.

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death, today. Tachycardia is usually a medical emergency that indicates cardiac dysrhythmia. The aim of this study was to compare the knowledge of emergency medicine interns in the management of common rapid heartbeats before and after training by model-based and lecture methods.

In this semi-experimental study, before and after the intervention, 122 emergency medicine interns were included in the study (2019). Students were randomly divided into two groups: model-based workshop (60 people) and lecture (62 people). The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 85%) were confirmed. The questionnaire was completed by both groups of students before the intervention and after the intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software and descriptive statistics (percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential tests (Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon). In all calculations, the value of 0.05 was considered as a significant level.

The mean score of the tachycardia management test after training in the lecture group was 8.6± 9.1 points (out of 13 points). And the mean score of the management test of tachycardia, after training in the model-based workshop group, is equal to 5. It was 6.9±1.00 points (out of 13 marks). According to Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of the mean score of the pulse management test after training between the two groups of model-based workshop and lecture group (P = 0.001). Also, the mean score of the rapid-fire management test after training was higher in the model-oriented workshop group.

It seems that the use of model-based method (practical workshop with modeling and clinical scenario) can be more effective on the knowledge of emergency medicine practitioners in the management of common tachycardia before and after training than the lecture method. Therefore, using the model-based method can increase the knowledge of emergency medicine students.

The COVID-19 pandemic is the most significant health challenge humans experienced since World War 2, and its course can be affected by the stringency in undertaking individual and collective protective behavior. In this study, the health belief model structures in adopting the protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed. A sample of 375 household heads living in the rural areas of Lorestan Province was selected through a multi-stage stratified and random sampling method. Structural equation modeling showed that knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and cues to action affect the protective behaviors of Iranian rural households during COVID-19. Cues to action and knowledge were the most important predictors of protective behaviors in rural households. The results suggest the necessity to emphasize enhancing knowledge to highlight the negative impacts of COVID-19 and train rural households regarding the proper and effective preventive measures.

BNP increases in certain pathological conditions such as hypertension, renal failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cirrhosis, etc. Some of them are among the clinical conditions pointing to hypertensive emergency and also its side effects. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effeciency of this variable as a diagnostic variable in patients with emergency hypertension.

In this prospective study, 100 patients presenting to the emergency center of Adalatian Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, who had blood pressure equal to or greater than 180/110 mmHg at the time of triage and initial visit were included in the study. In order to evaluate damage to the target organs and the possible diagnosis of emergency hypertension, they were examined by an emergency medicine specialist or resident and the necessary tests were performed. For this purpose, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and TPI/Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were checked and a complete neurological examination was performed on patients to determine the presence of focal or generalized neurological defects or the presence of pathology (intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ischemia) on brain computed tomography (CT) scan. Patients' eyes were also examined for retinal vascular damage with an ophthalmoscope, and electrocardiogram (ECG) was also taken. Patients were divided into two groups based on the

emergency hypertension and non-emergency hypertension. Meaning, if the criteria for emergency hypertension (target organ damage) were met, they were placed in the end organ dysfunction (EOD) group or hypertensive emergency (HE) group, and otherwise, they were placed in the group without EOD or hypertensive urgency (HU) group. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics tests.

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and gender (P> 0.05). Based on the tests performed on samples taken from the patients, in the case group BNP level was 6144.81 ± 3052.42 pg/mL and in the control group it was 4835.42 ± 3135.02 pg/mL. The results of T test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.941). Based on calculations performed, at the cut-off point of 180, BNP can predict kidney damage with 100% sensitivity and 41% specificity. Although specificity and positive predictive value are not high at this cut-off point, but sensitivity and negative predictive value are acceptable, which makes it suitable for screening.

The results of our study showed that BNP test did not have high specificity or positive predictive value, but it had acceptable sensitivity and negative predictive value, which makes it suitable for screening. Therefore, this test can be used as a supplement to other examinations and cardiovascular and renal tests.

Teaching the necessary knowledge and skills in the emergency department has always faced challenges due to its importance, unique features and multidisciplinary expertise. Today, advances in information and communication technology have also revolutionized education. The purpose of this article is to investigate the feasibility and experiences of using virtual reality and augmented reality technologies in the education of the emergency department by reviewing the studies conducted in the world.

This research is based on a systematic review in which the quality of the articles was evaluated using the STROBE standard checklist. The primary studies carried out, through articles on the educational capacities of augmented and virtual reality technology in the emergency department; in Persian language databases; SID, Magiran and English language databases; Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar search engine were done until the end of September 2022. Farsi keywords; Emergency, medical emergencies, education, virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality were used as a combination of words; Also, Boolean search methods and OR operators and Mesh keywords including: Emergency, Education, Virtual Augmented, Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality, EMS, MR, VR, AR were used.

Among the 9 reviewed studies, the largest number of extracted studies, i.e. three articles, were conducted in China. Other articles were from America, Germany, Iran and Netherlands. The research method used in 8 articles was intervention, and only one article was tool design and content analysis using the Delphi method. The types of tools used in these studies were: a wearable module on the head with two categories of movement and operation, playing virtual reality simulation videos with the help of television and virtual reality glasses, a wearable headset and two hand controllers with triggers that make hand movements. Such as grasping, pushing and turning, virtual simulated scenes, an immersive room-scale multi-user virtual reality 3D simulation environment with a virtual emergency scenario, wearable modules and mouse and keyboard prototypes, and an interactive training module. The results of the studies also showed the improvement of educational performance, enthusiasm for learning, educational satisfaction, increased skills, improved response capacity, effectiveness of education and control of emotions in emergency situations.

The results of this study clarified several issues: 1- The volume of studies in the field of emergency department training with the help of virtual world tools is very small. 2- Augmented reality and mixed reality tools have not yet entered the field of medical education in the emergency department. 3- These tools can cause complications and challenges in using them. 4- Most of the studies have been conducted in the last 3 years, which show that this field of educational tools to promote and improve performance due to continuous evaluations is at the beginning.

Advances in the field of technology in the field of virtualization today have led to the creation of tools that can easily evoke the presence of the patient in a more attractive situation than the current situation or by adding information to the real world to deepen the understanding of reality. Make Virtual reality and augmented reality technology has seriously entered the field of medicine for two decades. The emergency department has also been able to use this tool with its special features; therefore, the current research tries to have a systematic review of the therapeutic use of augmented and virtual reality technology in the emergency department.

This research is based on a systematic review in which the quality of the articles was evaluated using the STROBE standard checklist. The primary studies carried out, through articles on the use of virtual reality and augmented reality therapy in the emergency department; in Persian language databases; SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and English language databases; Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar search engines were conducted until the end of September 2022. Keywords of Emergency, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality, Treatment, Cure, Therapy, Medical, EMS, MR, VR, and AR were considered as a combination of words.

Among the 14 reviewed studies, the largest number of extracted studies with 4 articles were conducted in Canada; and mostly it was a randomized and controlled prospective intervention method. Most of the studies with 10 articles were in the field of providing emergency services to children and adolescents under 18 years of age, and the effective components of virtualization technology were: reducing pain, managing anxiety and distress, improving hemodynamic parameters, and controlling fear and anger. Among the reviewed articles, none of the studies used augmented reality or mixed reality tools.

The results of the collected studies on the use of virtualization therapy show that so far this tool has had significant effects on controlling emotions and improving hemodynamic parameters. Analyzing the mechanism of the effect of virtual reality in different groups can help to establish a cause and effect relationship and the targeted use of these tools. It is also necessary to design these tools in such a way that their use does not prevent the normal procedures in the emergency department.

Traditionally, logbooks are used as a tool to record and evaluate the activities of students, interns and medical assistants. The use of logbooks in the education of medical students has not been fully explored. In the present study, a systematic review of studies was conducted in the field of logbook in medical education.

The present study is a systematic review of the use of logbooks in medical education. Searching was conducted until January 1, 2021, in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases with keywords "logbook", "medical education", "residency", "practical training", "Medical students" and "Resident students". In the selected articles, authors' names, year of study, country, field of study, type of logbook, study design, study limit and general conclusion were extracted.

In the present study, out of 23 articles reviewed, 11 studies were included in qualitative synthesis.Variety of study methods prevented quantitative meta-analysis. The highest number of articles was done in surgical students (4 studies). Five of our studies reported the use of online logbooks. Seven studies examined the role of logbooks in student assessment. The rest of the studies examined the acceptability of the logbook for students and faculty. The main limitations acknowledged in the studies were the need for an observer to verify the information, the need for time and financial resources to properly implement the activity registration program, and the problems associated with data collection.

A review of studies showed that the field of research on the use of logbooks in medical education further refers to its concept in assessing student learning, which in most cases show its effectiveness. However, there are many differences between studies in terms of acceptability and reliability of data depending on the method of using logbooks.

The Covid-19 epidemic in the world has triggered innumerable stress and anxiety among people. Since medical staff play a leading role in the fight against Covid-19, they experience the highest level of risk and anxiety. Consequently, as a systematic study, this study aimed to investigate the anxiety of medical staff and the psychological factors affecting it during the pandemic of Covid-19 in Iran.

In the current study, a systematic review was done to search for Persian database articles, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and Google Scholar search engine from 2018 to 2021 using Persian keywords; anxiety, coronavirus, Covid-19, medical staff, nurses. To select studies and extract the data, the titles of all articles obtained were reviewed by two people, and duplicates were removed. Information about selected articles, including first author, year of publication, study title, study population, study method, sample size, study tools, and finally, the results were recorded in the data extraction form.

In the initial stage of the studies search, 624 studies were reviewed. Due to lack of relevance to the subject and duplication and lack of access to the full article, 610 studies were deleted. Lastly, 14 studies were used to write this study. Numerous psychological factors (stress, depression, burnout, resilience, family social support, suicidal ideation, emotion regulation, anxiety sensitivity, psychological stubbornness, caring behaviors, rumination, health beliefs, and physical activity) played a role in the incidence and prediction of anxiety. Among the studies, five were related to 2021, and 9 were related to 2020. The study population in three studies is Ardabil, in two studies is Malayer, in two studies is Jahrom, and in one study are Zahedan, Zarandieh, Alborz, Kerman, Torbat Heydariyeh, Miyaneh, and Rasht. The instrument in 10 studies was CDAS, two studies used Beck anxiety, and two studies used DASS.

The results of this study disclosed that various psychological factors are influential in the incidence of anxiety in health care professionals, each of which can play a role in the incidence of anxiety. Consequently, recognizing the cause of these psychological disorders in these people is essential to maintain the mental health of these people by using appropriate methods.

Hospitals are considered the most important referral centers for victims at the time of disasters and accidents. Iran is one of the disaster-prone countries in the world and the unpreparedness of hospitals in the event of disaster causes a lot of damage to the country's healthcare system. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the level of preparedness of Iranian hospitals for accidents and disasters through a systematic review.

The present study is a systematic review. Studies published in Persian on the level of preparedness of Iranian hospitals for accidents and disasters were searched for, using the keywords "contingencies", "disasters", "hospital preparedness", and investigated, using the Prisma checklist. Search for studies was performed in Google Scholar, Sid (Scientific Information Database), and Magiran databases without setting any time limit.

Out of the 365 articles reviewed, 33 studies were finally included in the study. 10 studies were performed in Tehran province, 5 studies were done in Kermanshah, and Ahvaz, Ilam, Mazandaran, Yazd, Markazi, Isfahan, Qazvin, Birjand, Tabriz, northern Iran, Jahrom, Zabol, Semnan, Urmia, Shiraz, Zanjan, and all of Iran were evaluated in 1 study each. Most of the studied hospitals were educational. Three studies evaluated military hospitals and one study assessed a private hospital. Among the included studies, 20 were cross-sectional descriptive studies, 12 were descriptive-analytical studies, and one was a field study. In addition, more than half of the studies reported that hospitals were moderately prepared, 7 studies concluded that the hospitals were well prepared (desirable preparedness), and 8 studies stated that the hospitals were poorly prepared (low preparedness).

The results of the present study indicated that overall, the preparedness of the hospitals in Iran is at a moderate level. It seems that crisis management teams in Iranian hospitals should prepare as much as possible, obtain the required information regarding crisis management, and plan before the occurrence of disasters so that they can make correct and logical decisions at the time of disasters and more effectively perform their role as crisis management team.

In the infinite sense of Persian poetry and literature, despite all the efforts of numerous scholars, many works have not yet received much attention and the opportunity for scholars to identify and reflect on the many works ahead. One of the most prominent poets of the Safavid era who is unfortunately ignored by scholars is Mir Valeh Qomi, who, due to his talent in various fields, deserves his scrutiny. Mir Valeh Qom, who lived in the second half of the tenth century and the first quarter of the 11th century, is one of the poets, songwriters, and musicians of the Safavid era and one of the Sadat of Qom, whose works should be analyzed in the Indian literary realm. Contract analysis. Among his works are Divan Poems, which include quotations, sonnets, preferences and compositions, Masnavi, parodies, quatrains, fragments and material of history, and have a total of six thousand bits, most of which are quotations and sonnets. Forms. In this article, after briefly describing the period concerned, he first deals with the personality of Mir Valeh Qomi and, in the second step, examines his divan on the basis of new quadruplicate versions in order to establish the poet's position and order in this poem. Identify the great Safavid era, which has not received any significant research so far.

The revival of the manuscript is an effective step in recognizing the cultural and literary heritage of each nation. Progress and advancement of any nation is not possible unless it is aware of the background of its culture and literary history. Therefore, transferring the works of the past people in a proper way and far from manipulation is the cultural necessities of any society. The manuscript of "The Absent Witness", one of these mystical works in the form of Masnavi in Bahr Hazaj Mosades Mahzuf is in the Persian language which was written by the poet "Ahmad" in 1953. This unique version has two parts: A: The first part describes the circumstances of Mir Mohammed Zivar Al-Din son of Mir Hossein Baghdadi, whose ancestry reaches Sheikh Abdul Qadar Gilani, and the second part deals with the Naghshbandieh dynasty and the practices of this conduct. The present study, while providing an explanation about the content of the manuscript of "absent witness", examines its structure and most important stylistic features at three levels of intellectual, literary and linguistic levels. The research method was library and content analysis and based on the principle of works and evidence derived from it.

At the present time, students need to be equipped with knowledge and flexible attitudes to be able to adapt to  rapid changes in society. Mathematics is one of the most important sciences which can develop the power of thought.  One of the factors which can play a vital role in develping students’ mathematical skill is their mathematical knowledge. Considering this, it is believed that students need to improve both their canceptual and procedural knowledge of mathematics in order to be successful. Based on the previous research, conceptual knowledge involves awareness and skillful movement along special networks of  concepts, rules, algorithms, procedures, and so on. In other words, not only is conceptual knowledge concerned with what is known, i.e. knowledge of concepts, but also it can be helpful  in learning  key concepts and their  connections. Procedural knowledge is the knowledge of the steps involved in achieving different goals and is concerned with the use of skills, algorithms, techniques and methods. Indeed, procedural knowledge is a chain of sequential actions which can be taken to solve a problem and can be developed through practicing and solving specific problems. Although the two types of knowledge seem to be independent, they are in fact interrelated. In other word, these two kinds of knowledge are part of an interconnected chain, and can never be separate from each other, and are located at both ends of the knowledge spectrum. The Furthermore, they cannot develop independently and affect each other. Regarding these, many attempts have been made to investigate the relationship between the two types of knowledge. Some scholars have also been interested in exploring the causal relationship between the two, i.e. in understanding which one causes the other. For instance, theorists who believe that concepts are first formed in the mind claim that individuals acquire conceptual knowledge before procedural knowledge. In contrast, there are some other theorists who believe procedures develop before concepts and state that individuals first learn procedures for solving a problem and then the structure of concepts. Therefore, two approaches, namely the educational approach and the developmental approach, have been proposed regarding conceptual and procedural types of knowledge and the relationship between the two. It is noteworthy, however, that each approach can be considered as appropriate in teaching particular types of skills and concepts. Proponents of the educational approach believe that conceptual knowledge leads to procedural knowledge and Proponents of the Developmental approach believe that procedural knowledge leads to conceptual knowledge. Due to the fact that the ecucational system im Iran is od a centralized type,  a main criterion for improving mathematics education in the country can be curricula development and textbook authoring based on the particular needs which arise. With regard to recent changes in the content of in the 8th grade math textbookand concerning the faxtthat the textbook is used by all Iranian 8th grade students, a thorough evaluation of the textbook seems necessary.

1.         Which types of conceptual or procedural knowledge do the various sections of the 8th grade math textbook embody/pay more attention to?what is the distribution of the use of conceptual and procedural knowledge among the various sections of the 8th grade math textbook?
2-To what extent is the 8th grade math textbook focused on the connection between conceptual and procedural knowledge?
3- Is the 8th grade math textbook’s overall approach to knowledge  of an educational or a developmental type?

This study aimed at evaluating content of the 8th grade mathematics textbook in terms of the amount of attention paid to each of conceptual and procedural types of knowledge. Accordingly, content analysis was used in order to conduct this study. The research material was the 8th grade mathematics textbook. Sample size was exactly the same as population size. In other words, i.e content analysis was done in relation to content of the whole book. Research instrument was a researcher-made content analysis scale. Then, the views and opinions of experts, maths instructors and teachers were sought in order to examine content validity of the developed scale. To assess reliability of the scale, the percentage of agreement among the coders was determined through the use of Scott’s pi(B)coefficient and the reliability coefficient value of 0.81 was obtained.

Based on the the results, textbook authors had paid little attention to the connection between conceptual and procedural knowledge in the main texts, and more attention to the connection between conceptual and procedural knowledge in the activities and classroom exercises, which, of course, did not seem to be enough. Furthermore, most of the textbook's problems had also focused on the improvement of procedural knowledge.

In summary, the 8th grade math textbook has held an extreme view of teaching procedures, and in most cases the emphasis has been put on increasing procedural knowledge. In addition, little attention has been paid to the connection between conceptual and procedural types of knowledge. Therefore, textbook authors need to emphasize the connection between the two types of knowledge in designing textbook activities On one hand, paying attention to the connections between familiar procedures and new concepts can help students acquire a better understanding of the concepts. On the other hand, the education system can achieve one of its major goals, i.e. making people more reflective, through helping students in development of their understanding. It is recommended, thus, that textbook authors and educators design more effective textbooks through both community and student needs assessment.

This study was conducted to evaluate the content of 8th grade mathematics textbook on the basis of its compliance with the perspective of mathematics content analysis. The statistical community is 8th grade mathematics textbook. In this study, the entire content of 8th grade mathematics textbook has been analyzed. The research instrument was the researcher-made content analysis form. In order to face and content validity and validation instrument for the study, the opinions and viewpoints of experts were used. As well as to the validity of the results, agreed formula coefficient of reliability William Scott is 81%. The findings of this research show that 8th grade mathematics textbook is less of the stuff the field circuit used in conformity with the principles of content and math has never been so successful the reality circuit.

The rise of chronic and incurable diseases on the one hand and the development of medical technology and new equipment on the other hand presents many ethical challenges to the medical team. One of these challenges is euthanasia or euthanasia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of physicians regarding euthanasia.

 This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was performed on 55 physicians working in medical centers of Jahrom in 2019. Data were collected using demographic form and euthanasia attitude scale (EAS) and analyzed by SPSS 24 software using descriptive and inferential statistics.

 27 (62.8%) of the physicians participating in the study were male and 28 (65.1%) were married. On average, they also had a work experience of 3.86 ±2.59 years, with 77.8% having 5 years or less. The mean score of total attitudes toward euthanasia and dimensions of ethical considerations and appreciation for life were above average (p<0.05). Also, there was no significant statistical relationship between attitudes toward euthanasia and demographic characteristics in physicians.

The results of this study showed that physicians' attitudes toward euthanasia, ethical considerations and life esteem are moderate.