فهرست مطالب فاطمه مومنی

Aging is a natural phenomenon in the path of human evolution. The elderly face many challenges at this stage. Anxiety, depression, and grief over the loss of loved ones can affect the general well-being of an elderly person. Structured reminiscence therapy is one of the therapeutic methods used to improve mental health and general well-being of the elderly. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of structured reminiscing on the dimensions of general well-being of elderly women in Yazd.

The quasi-experimental research method was a pretest-posttest type with a control group, and the statistical population included all the elderly women in Yazd city in 1402. Among them, 46 people were selected by purposeful sampling and assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tool used in this research was general well-being questionnaire of Harold G. and Dapoy. Structured reminiscing was conducted on the experimental group during 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results were analyzed using statistical software Spss25 and Manova test.

The results showed that structured reminiscing had an effect on the dimensions of general well-being, including anxiety, depression, positive well-being, feeling of self-control, and general health. Regarding the feeling of vitality dimension, the training could not be effective and there was no improvement in this dimension.

Therefore, structured reminiscence is used as an intervention to improve the dimensions of general well-being of the elderly women, and mental health of the elderly.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the different assignments of the 10th chemistry lesson on increasing students' learning and familiarity with the applications of chemistry in the lives of the 10th grade experimental science students of Shahid Mahbobe Danesh School in Ashtian city in the academic year of 1401-1402. This research was investigated with the action research method and using the researcher-made questionnaire tool among the students. The validity of this research was confirmed by asking the opinion of 2 senior teachers of Arak city and its reliability was also confirmed by retesting. The findings indicate that giving divergent assignments to students leads to an increase in students' learning and more familiarity with the applications of chemistry in their lives, as well as more stabilization of the contents of the chemistry lesson in their minds, as well as a deeper understanding and understanding of this lesson. . It is suggested that teachers use divergent assignments to increase learning in chemistry.

In precision agriculture, a productivity rating system is a significant tool to quantitatively assess soil quality. An experiment was conducted in Bilavar, Kermanshah to evaluate the spatial variability of physical indicators of soil quality of a rapeseed (Brassica napus) field. Spatial variability analysis of soil physical properties measured on a rectangular grid (100 m×100 m) was carried out using a geostatistical analyst extension of Arc-GIS software. Five physical soil quality indicators including bulk density (BD), non-capillary porosity (NCP), field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), available water retention capacity (AWC), and organic carbon (OC) were determined. The physical rating index (PRI) at each sampling point was determined by multiplying the rating values for all five parameters. Results revealed that major ranges of semivariogram for Ks and AWC varied between 137-145 m and for BD, OC, and NCP they were relatively long (161-205 m). Clay and NCP showed moderate spatial dependence (0.68 and 0.28, respectively) whereas the rest of the parameters showed weak spatial dependence. Also, the correlation between PRI and the biological yield of rapeseed was fairly good (R2=0.68). Investigation of zoning maps of soil physical properties showed an increase in BD and a decrease in AWC and NCP parameters depending on changes in soil texture and organic matter content in some parts of the field. In general, the PRI index is an important tool in the quantitative assessment of soil physical conditions, and based on it and zoning maps can improve the physical quality of soil in agricultural fields.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of impulse control training on problem solving, frustration and social competence of adolescents with behavioral disorders. The experimental research method was of experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group.The statistical population of the research included all the students of Nowshahr high school in the academic year of2018-2019, whose number was2060. The research sample consisted of36 students with behavioral disorder who were randomly selected from among the students with behavioral disorder and replaced by simple random in two experimental and control groups.To collect data, the revised checklist of behavioral problems,the short form of the social problem solving questionnaire, the frustration questionnaire and the social adequacy test were used.The results of covariance analysis showed that impulse control training in the experimental group has been associated with an increase in positive and logical problem solving and a decrease in negative,impulsive,avoidant problem solving,frustration,and an increase in the social competence of adolescents with behavioral disorders.

Impulse control training gives adolescents with behavioral disorders the ability to control their destructive behavior, which can reduce their impulsive and destructive behavior and increase correct problem-solving skills,which in turn It can improve relationships with peers in the long term,which ultimately reduces their sense of frustration,which results in an increase in their sense of social competence.In the end, based on the findings of this research, it is suggested that the effectiveness of impulse control training on other interpersonal and academic problems and adolescents be investigated.

Abstract</span></span></span></span></span></span>
Background &

</span> Anxiety, as an integral part of people's lives, is an unpleasant and widespread feeling and state of concern with an unknown source and is accompanied by physiological and physical symptoms. It becomes a disorder when experienced abstractly and continuously and affects a person's daily functioning. One of the most common anxiety disorders is social anxiety disorder. About 7% of people experience social anxiety disorder during one year, which makes it one of the most common mental disorders. This disorder limits the quality and lifestyle of a person with social anxiety. It affects essential decisions in the person's life and, in most cases, causes the loss of many vital opportunities, especially for students. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy, relaxation, and cognitive–emotional regulation strategies on social anxiety and its symptoms among university students with social anxiety.</span></span>

</span> This quasi–experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The independent variable in this study was treatment with three methods (virtual reality therapy, relaxation, cognitive–emotional regulation), and the dependent variable was the symptoms of social anxiety disorder. The statistical population of the present study included all undergraduate students of Mazandaran University, Iran, in the academic year of 2019–20. Of these students, 48 samples were selected and randomly divided into four groups: virtual reality therapy (12 people), relaxation (12 people), cognitive–emotional regulation strategies (12 people), and control (12 people). The inclusion criteria were as follows: being a student at the undergraduate level of Mazandaran University, having social anxiety based on DSM–5 diagnostic criteria found on a structured diagnostic interview, and providing informed consent to participate in the research. Non–cooperation during the experiment and absence in the treatment sessions were considered the exclusion criteria. We used the Structured Clinical Interview (</span>Mennin et al., 2002</span>) and the Social Anxiety Scale (Liebowitz, 1987) to collect the study data. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariate covariance (ANCOVA) were used</span> in SPSS software version 21. The hypotheses were tested at the significance level of 0.05.</span></span>

</span> The findings showed that virtual reality, relaxation, and cognitive strategies of emotional regulation therapies were effective in reducing social anxiety and its symptoms (anxiety and avoidance) in students with social anxiety (p<0.001). Also, virtual reality therapy and emotional regulation cognitive strategies therapy were more effective than relaxation therapy in reducing social anxiety subscales (p<0.05).</span></span>

</span> Virtual reality therapy, relaxation therapy, and emotional regulation cognitive strategies are effective treatments to reduce the symptoms of social anxiety disorder. Among them, virtual reality therapy and cognitive–emotional regulation strategies are more effective and can be used more. </span></span></span></span>

Today, eating disorders are a major issue in society and are considered to be the most important psychological disorders that are rooted in biological, psychological, social and cultural issues. These disorders cause physical and mental health problems and impair the quality of life of the sufferer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT) on self-concept and depression in people with binge eating disorder. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all people with binge eating disorder in Tehran, of which 30 people were selected by targeted sampling method and then assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group used Beck Depression Infection (BDI-II) and Overeating (BES) and a covariance analysis test was used to test the research hypotheses. According to the rate of 1600F = 700. In the variable of self-concept and 587 / 997F = in the variable of depression, it can be stated that there are significant changes between the experimental and control groups in the posttest. Acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT) has been shown to improve self-concept, reduce depression, and significantly reduce the symptoms of overeating in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results of this study showed that acceptance-based therapy (ACT) is effective in improving self-concept and reducing depression and symptoms of binge eating, and the use of this treatment seems to be beneficial.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of resiliency training on life expectancy and psychological well-being of mothers with children with special learning disabilities in Tehran in 1398. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was all mothers with children with learning disabilities in Tehran. Using available sampling method, 30 individuals (15 for each group) were selected from mothers of children with specific learning disabilities in Tehran and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 minutes of 90 minute resuscitation training and the control group remained on the waiting list. Data collection was done based on Life expectancy Schneider (2000) Questionnaire and Psychological Well-being Reef (1980) Questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis). The results showed that the mean of experimental group increased in life expectancy and psychological well-being of mothers with children with specific learning disabilities compared to control group. It can be said that resilience education has been effective on life expectancy and psychological well-being of mothers of children with specific learning disabilities, so the results represent new horizons in clinical interventions and can be used as an effective intervention method.

Periostin acts as necessary protein in tissue development and has a key role in tooth-supporting tissues such as periodontal ligament. The effect of inflammation on reducing periostin level has been shown in some studies. The aim of this study was to compare the salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) periostin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy peers.

In this matched case-control study, 106 participants (53 patients with chronic periodontitis and 53 healthy controls) were studies after signing a informed consent form. They were matched for age, gender, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The GCF and salivary samples were collected from all participants and were assessed using standard Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The statistical analysis was conducted in Stata V. 11.

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.34).

 The salivary and GCF periostin levels was significantly lower in patients than in healthy subjects (P<0.001). Moreover, the periostin levels was significantly different based on periodontal parameters (P<0.001).

 There is association between the incidence of chronic periodontitis and salivary and GCF periostin levels. Hence, the periostin may act as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis  of chronic periodontitis and prevention of its progression.

Based on the passion of autism spectrum disorder children to social story, it is important way to handle them and learn relation to them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of social stories on increasing social skills of children was with autism spectrum disorder.

Method of study was experimental and pretest–posttest design with control group. The statistical population was 10 students with autism spectrum disorder (8–11 years, son) was born in Kermanshah (Western of Iran). They randomly selected were located in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 35 sessions of 30–minute sessions and was conducted during two and a half months, while the control group did not receive such training. Both group were evaluated by social communication questionnaire (SCQ) in two pre–test and post–test and by use of independent samples t–test. 

The results showed that the use of social story on the experimental group has a significant effect in improving their social skills (p<0.05). 

The results of this research can be concluded that the use of social stories can be an appropriate way to improve the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Specific learning disability is among the most destructive issues for the educational system. Every year many students with a diagnosis of specific learning disability being diagnosed. They have many problems in learning the lessons because of their failings to understand some special academic materials. Despite the normal emotional quotient, those students who are afflicted by this phenomenon that they do not have the expectable academic performance. They also have many problems in another aspect of the life. One of the factors, which play an important role in the emergence, and continuation of the specific learning disability is perceptual disabilities, especially inability in perceptual motor activities. However, the most debilitating factor is a failure in information processing (i.e. attention, perception, memory and language), which leaves irreparable effects on learning disabled students’ thinking, listening, and learning. Hence, paying attention to learning disabled students’ perceptual–motor skills is of paramount importance. Thus, the purpose of the current research was to study on effect of perceptual–motor skills training on the academic performance of students with specific learning disability.

The design of the current study was a quasi–experimental type in nature. The population consisted of all the 217 male and female elementary school students who were diagnosed as specific learning disabled in Sari city (Mazandaran province, North of Iran) during the academic year of 2012–2013. Using a simple random sampling method, 50 students were chosen and divided into control and experimental groups with 25 members in each group. The research tools were included of Ravens’ IQ test and a teacher–made test. Both tools have needful psychometric criteria. At the beginning of the study, both of groups took part in the pre–test, then experiment group members received a period of perceptual–motor skills training while the control group was left without any intervention (they were continuing the traditional education system), and at last, both groups took part in the posttest. After collecting the raw data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analyzing. In order to test the hypotheses of the research, the analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), as a parametric test was used by using the SPSS version 18 software. 

After analyzing the data, the results showed that the perceptual –motor skills training had a significant effect on the improving reading (p≤0.001), writing (p≤0.001) and mathematical (p≤0.001) skills of the students with specific learning disability.

Providing perceptual–motor skills for students who afflicted by the specific learning disability could lead to an improvement in students’ academic performance generally and their reading, writing and mathematics skills specifically. Although the effectiveness of perceptual–motor skills for students with a specific learning disability could be related to many factors, but it appears that its major effects arise from the positive affect of the treatment on the attention, concentration and other executive functions, which they affect the reading, writing and mathematics skills of the students directly. Therefore, considering the results of this study, the treatment can be suggested to all the experts in the field of specific learning disability disorder.