فرحناز کمالی

Virtual education comes with ethical challenges. Designing reliable and robust tools to assess ethical performance in virtual education is essential. The aim of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire on ethical behavior in virtual education among students.

The present study was methodological research conducted on 264 students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences during the years 2022-2023. The design and psychometric validation of the Ethical Behavior Questionnaire were performed using Waltz’s method (2010) in four stages. Face validity, content validity (both quantitative and qualitative), and internal consistency were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.

The theoretical concept of ethical behavior in students was extracted in six domains: academic honesty, privacy and confidentiality of individuals’ information, avoidance of cheating, maintaining order, observing etiquette and respect, and mental well-being. The Ethical Behavior Questionnaire, consisting of 35 items, demonstrated satisfactory content validity ratio (CVR = 0.84), content validity index (CVI = 0.93), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92).

The designed questionnaire possesses desirable psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, and is suitable for use by other students. To further develop the concept of ethical behavior and precisely define its domains, qualitative studies with structural validity are recommended.

Nurse-mother communication is a challenge in neonatal units, and many moral debates in these units are due to communication problems between mothers and nurses. The present study was performed to determine the status of nurses' and mothers' perceptions of nurse-mother ‎communication in the neonatal units of selected hospitals in ‎Bushehr ‎province in 2021‎.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in six hospitals in Bushehr province. Nurses and mothers who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study using the two-month census method. Data collection tools included the mothers’ and nurses’ demographic information forms and questionnaires on their perception of nurse-mother ‎communication. The validity and reliability of questionnaires have been confirmed in previous studies. ‎Data collected from 104 nurses and 236 mothers were analyzed using SPSS version 24.

The mean score of mothers' perception of nurse-mother communication was 59.27±12.82 and the mean score of nurses' perception of nurse-mother communication was 73.37±9.57. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between the mean score of mothers' perception of nurse-mother communication and the admitted unit and the gestational age of the baby. There was also a statistically significant relationship between nurses' perception of nurse-mother communication and their employment status.

Mothers' perception of nurse-mother communication was at a moderate level, while nurses' perception was at a high level. Considering the existing difference between their perceptions, planning is needed to enhance the role of nurses and strengthen their ‎communication skills consistent with the family-centered care approach. It is therefore suggested that nursing authorities provide a platform to educate nurses and make them more familiar with mothers' needs.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, basic medical education has been generally provided through virtual education along with assignments through the electronic systems. Cooperative learning is one of the appropriate educational methods. This study endeavored to improve teaching in virtual duration using the Virtual Team Member Teaching Design (V-TMTD).

This study was action research. The population was medical students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Participants were all medical students in the neurophysiology course of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences during the Covid-19 pandemic in the academic years 2020-2021. In the first semester, the teaching of neurophysiology course was done through virtual education with the presentation of individual assignments, and in the second semester, along with virtual education, the virtual V-TMTD method was used. Students' academic achievement was assessed by comparing the final scores of the two groups. The groups were compared by paired t-test and independent t-test.

In the groups, the effect of V-TMTD on students' academic achievement was shown. The mean and standard deviation of the scores of the students in the experimental group after V-TMTD training was 15.64±0.21 and in the virtual education group with assignments was 13.90±0.24 out of a total score of 20.

Virtual education method with V-TMTD was superior to students' academic achievement with virtual education method with assignments presentation. Using participatory methods in e-learning, the weakness of this type of education during the corona pandemic can be covered.

 The academic success of medical students can lead to better health services. Various factors can be related to their success or failure. This study investigates some factors, especially demographic factors, related to the academic failure of medical students.

 This case-control study was conducted in 2016 among students of Bandar Abbas Medical School. The required information was obtained from the education office of school, counseling unit, and student files. In this study, 119 students with academic failure were selected as the case and 119 students formed the control group. The criteria of academic failure in this study were the drop in average grade in the second semester compared to the first semester of more than two points, becoming contingent in one semester, and having an average grade point from 12 to 14. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and analytical statistics (independent t-test, chi-square, logistic regression, and odds ratio).

The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between residence status, father's and mother's educational level, and the type of diploma and academic failure (P< 0.05). But there was no relationship between age at the time of academic failure, marital status, diploma grade point average, acceptance quota, and acceptance rank and academic failure (P<0.05). Based on the results of logistic regression, none of variables related to each other.

 According to the results of this study, social and cultural factors such as residence status and educational status of student parents can be associated with academic failure. Therefore, in order to promote the future of community health, these factors should be considered.

Teachers’ evaluation as an accountable process in promoting the quality of medical education is the main mission of the university. Teachers are key and effective facilitator of this process. Some of the attributes of faculty from the students’ point of view to help students to learn and make the learning process more effective. For this purpose, a study was conducted to determine the characteristics of effective faculty in improving education and its influence on students in Iran.

This study was conducted through systematic review and meta-analysis. For this purpose, the articles that were published in Iran were either in English in Persian and were selected for the study without considering the time period. Articles were searched in databases of Cochrane Library Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Ovid, Science Direct, WILEY, Scopus, ProQuest, Medline, Elsevier Magiran, and SID. Finally, 21 articles that met the criteria for meta-analysis were included in the study and their quality was evaluated.

Attributes were extracted in six domains. The six main dimensions are as follows: Individual and personality traits, communication skills, teaching skills, research skills, evaluation skills, and observing educational rules.

Personal characteristics, research skills and communication skills were among the most important characteristics of an effective faculty from the students' perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics in the recruitment of instructors.

In disasters، large number of causalities rash into the hospitals in order to get health facilities. So، hospitals are the reference point for delivering the health services in all levels for helping to the most percent of injured people. Aim of study was to assess hospital disaster preparedness of Bushehr province. Maretial and

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study which has been done in all Bushehr province hospitals. In order to collect data، we used 210 questions checklist with 10 different aims; each aim had consisted of 6 different domains (equipment، working stuff، physical space، structure، protocols and functional chart). The checklists were completed by direct observation and evaluation of equipment، programs and documents based on their domains with different people.

The hospital preparedness in traffic base was very poor with mean number of 19/04±16/10 evaluation of security; education and management domain with mean number 35/29±26/52، 38/65±19/46، 36/36±24/05، respectively were poor. In logistics، workforce، communications، excused transportation and addition to the hospitals with the mean number of 53/26±26/31، 49/65±27/61، 45/53±18/29، 43/33±19/72، and 40/47±20/37 were estimated as average. The most number was belonged to the emergency with the mean number of 53/80±19/18.

The Bushehr province hospitals have not enough preparation against unexpected disasters and cannot be a good supporter for disaster happening، and in the occasions of happenings so many serious problems will occur. It will be suggested that the hospital managers should pay more attention to the unexpected disasters.