فرزانه رحیمی

The purpose of this research is the effect of internal governance mechanisms on bank profit management in the capital market of Iran and the time period between 1393 and 1401. The current research is in the category of applied research. In terms of nature, the current research method is in the category of descriptive research, and in terms of method, it is also considered in the category of cause and effect research. In this research, the library method was used to collect data and information. Based on the purposeful sampling method, 16 banks were selected as a statistical sample, which included 144 years of observed banks. In order to analyze the data, Limer's F tests, Hausman's test, and then multivariate regression tests were used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses. (Evioz software) has been used. The results of the research hypotheses test showed that the size of the board of directors, the size of the audit committee, the independence of the board of directors, and the independence of the audit committee have a significant effect on profit management practices.

Considering the adverse effects of anxiety in pregnant women during pregnancy and labor, various studies have investigated nursing and obstetric techniques as alternative treatment methods to improve mental health and reduce anxiety in pregnant women of low-risk and high-risk groups. This study aims to review the existing literature on this subject and provide a conclusion.

In this systematic review, the necessary information was gathered from the following databases from 2000 to 2022, Since Direct, Scopus, PubMed, SID, Google Scholar, and Iran Registry of Clinical Trials

A total of 99 articles (52 in Persian and 47 in English) were investigated. Of this sample, 10 studies were conducted in the high-risk group of pregnant women, and 89 studies were conducted in the low-risk group of pregnant women. Meanwhile, 23 different methods of reducing anxiety in the low-risk and high-risk groups of pregnant women during pregnancy or the first stages of pregnancy were employed. Among the articles, the relaxation method (20 articles), mindfulness (15 articles), using Quran verses and spiritual treatment based on religious teachings (14 articles), aromatherapy (11 articles), and music therapy (6 articles) were the most effective articles compared to other methods investigated by researchers.

Based on the studies, active relaxation, and progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness can be used as a practical method to reduce anxiety and improve disorders during pregnancy due to being easy and understandable. Also, the use of Quran verses and spiritual treatment based on spiritual training, considering Iranian and Islamic culture, can effectively reduce anxiety in pregnant women and play a crucial role during pregnancy and in the first stages of pregnancy.

Despite theoretical and empirical validity of capital asset pricing model, empirical evidence shows that investors ask Risk premium due to idiosyncratic volatility. Considering the idiosyncratic volatility in capital asset pricing، this study aims to Determine Firm characteristics which explain idiosyncratic volatility in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, we measured the idiosyncratic volatility, employing the 5 and 7 multi factor models and using the conditional and non-conditional methods. more over we investigate the relation between firms characteristics and idiosyncratic volatility by panel Regression. The research population contains the whole firms in Tehran Stock Exchange and OTC during 2011-2017, amongst them 82 firm were selected based on specified sampling conditions. Employing various Ivol measurements, our results show that book to market equity ratio, size، sales growth, asset growth and liquidity, are the Determinants of idiosyncratic volatility and firms with greater size, lower liquidity, lower sales growth, higher book to-market equity ratio, and lower Asset growth have less idiosyncratic volatility

Relaxation is a set of neuromuscular exercises that helps the mothers to go through pregnancy and different stages of labor with minimal complications. Various studies have been performed on the effect of different relaxation methods on problems and disorders in pregnancy and childbirth. The aim of this study was to systematically review the studies on the effects of various methods of relaxation in pregnancy and childbirth in Iran and the world. The IRCT Clinical Trial Registration Center and Keywords for Relaxation, Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Maternity were searched from 2000 to 2020. Finally, 40 trials including 21 Persian articles and 19 Latin articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. There were 21 studies on relaxation during pregnancy and 19 studies on labor and postpartum. Studies have shown that the number of studies performed in the field of passive rest (in pregnancy-childbirth) was limited, but in the field of active rest and the simultaneous use of several types of rest (in pregnancy-childbirth) was numerous.

The results showed that the use of progressive active muscle relaxation alone, due to its ease and comprehensibility can be used as a practical method in reducing problems and disorders during pregnancy and childbirth. therefore, the simultaneous use of several types of relaxation (active-inactive) due to the increase of positive effects of relaxation can be used in the next step.

Emerging infections have a great impact on the health of pregnant mothers and their fetuses. Due to the importance of contracting this virus during pregnancy and due to the emergence of this virus and the limited number of studies on the consequences of contracting this disease during pregnancy, this review study aims to summarize the reported studies on covid-19 infection. Performed during pregnancy and childbirth.

In this study, a review of all studies conducted in English on covd-19 in pregnancy and childbirth from 2019 to March 2020, in the databases Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and keywords covid-19, sars-cov-2, coronavirus-2019, 2019-ncov, pregnancy, delivery.

In these studies, a total of 103 pregnant mothers with covid-19 and their maternal and neonatal outcome and the incidence of infants of mothers with covid-19 were studied. Most of the studies reported in different cities of China were. Pregnant mothers have been examined.

Based on the reported findings, vertical transmission of mother to fetus has not been reported so far and maternal and neonatal outcome have been reported in all well-studied studies, all samples of amniotic fluid, placenta, breast milk and vaginal discharge samples based on studies. COVID-19 was negative and no maternal deaths were reported at the time of this study. Currently, due to the lack of effective treatment and vaccines, the best way to deal with this disease is to avoid infection and prevent its spread through protective measures and personal hygiene.

Lack of awareness and the fear of women are one of the reasons for cesarean delivery and the occurrence of complications in maternal and neonatal period in our country. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of prenatal education on maternal and neonatal outcomes in high risk pregnant women.
The present study was done as a randomized clinical trial on 150 high risk pregnant women was referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital in Shahreza, Iran in 2014. Samples were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The control group only received routine pregnancy care and case group received routine pregnancy care and prenatal education. After delivery, Maternal and neonatal outcomes including type of delivery, Apgar index, weight and height, head circumference, and jaundice were assessed by using Chi-square and independent t-test.
Intervention and control groups did not significant in terms of demographic and obstetric variables (P>0/05). The results showed that a significant difference between two groups in type of delivery, height, weight and head circumference (P0.05).
Raising awareness and education of pregnant women during pregnancy promote and improve the health of the baby and be a natural delivery. Therefore, it is suggested that prenatal education more widely used.

Investigations have shown that the emotional stress during the pregnancy period could have sustainable effects on the embryo .In High Risk Pregnant women the risk of babies with health, behavioral, and mood problems will be more. Different investigations have shown that the effect of relaxation training on emotional stress .This study was conducted to investigate the effect of progressive Muscle Relaxation Training on infant's outcome such as Apgar index, weight, height, head circumference, and jaundice in infants after delivery in High Risk pregnant women.
The present study was done as a clinical trial on 150 High Risk Pregnant Women referred to Health and Medical Center in the city of Shahreza on 1392 -1393. High risk pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups. The control group only received routine pregnancy care and case group received routine pregnancy care and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training (Jacobsen). At the time of delivery, infant's outcome including Apgar index, weight and height, head circumference, and jaundice was assessed.
Findings: Intervention and control groups in terms of demographic and obstetric variables were not significant (P>0/05). The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in height, weight, and head circumference (pvalueDiscussion & According to this study, progressive muscle relaxation training is promoting and improving the health of infants in high-risk pregnant women. The progressive muscle relaxation training can be safe and beneficial to pregnant women in order to improve the health of infants.

Due to the very small share of the global market of Iranian furniture and the need to improve the situation in Iran, this study was aimed to determine the factors contributing to the development of furniture industry in developing countries and provide strategies for improvement in Iran. 29 criteria and sub-criteria under 6 general criteria including, human resources, socio-cultural, economic, political, technical and environmental aspects were analyzed using analytical hierarchy process according to the basic studies and internet communications with foreign experts and scholars and interviews with local experience professionals and technicians, the degree of importance of each one of the has-been identified. The results show that the standards of education, labor, government support for the production, marketing strategies, product innovation and cheap labor, respectively. The highest rating, and also human resource development strategy and human resources index were found the most appropriate solution and the most sensitive indicators.

Background and Food with high cholesterol and saturated fatty acids may play a role in formation of plaque in the walls of arteries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplements containing different amounts of cholesterol and phytosterol on blood lipid profiles in rat. In this study, 28 adult male rats were divided into 4 groups (n=5 per group). They were kept under a 12 h light/dark cycle at constant temperature with food and water available freely throughout the study. The dietary supplement containing ghee, barley oil and olive oil were added to the foods in three groups. After 21 days of treatment, to measure various blood biochemical parameters and performing histological studies, the process of extracting blood from the heart and cardiac tissue were performed, respectively. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey test in SPSS software. The significance level was considered as P<0.05. Serum cholesterol and LDL-c in the groups treated with ghee, olive oil and barley oil decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. HDL-c levels increased slightly in the group receiving ghee supplement. Also, the level of TG decreased significantly in the group treated with barley and ghee. In histological study of heart tissue, signs of atherosclerosis were found more in the group treated with barley. The results showed that consumption of ghee and olive oil have positive impact on blood lipid profiles and some of the factors associated with atherosclerosis.

Prenatal maternal anxiety has adverse effects on the mother and fetus and child. Use of anxiety-reducing techniques for pregnant mothers plays an important role in decreasing maternal and child Psychological problems. Relaxation exercise could be improve pregnancy outcome in High Risk pregnancy and High Risk Delivery. This study aimed to determine the effect of relaxation training on anxiety in High risk mothers. The present study was done as a clinical trial on 150 High Risk Pregnant Women 32-35week (75 subjects as relaxation group،75 subjects as control group) referred to Health and Medical Center in Shahreza city. Data were collected using personal data form and Spielberger anxiety Inventory questionnaire. In addition to routine pregnancy care، four 90minute sessions of relaxation active Jacobsen training courses were held during 4weeks (once a week). The control group only received routine pregnancy care. Anxiety score before the intervention and at the end of the intervention were analyzed in all two groups. Data analysis was done using Ttest، tabs analysis. In this study، the mean anxiety scores were not significantly different in the two groups before the intervention، but there was significant differences in relaxation group after the intervention (pvalu<0/001). There was a decrease in the mean anxiety score in relaxation group after the intervention whereas there was a slightly increase in the control group. The results of this study indicated that relaxation training could reduce anxiety in Pregnant High Risk Women.

Access to the collecting system is the first step in percutaneous interventions such as cutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and endopyelotomy. Usually «using air or contrast medium injected into the pelvis and Colle ''system which is obtained under fluoroscopic guidance. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of air Pylogram with contrast in the PCNL procedure. In this clinical trial، 100 patients older than 18 years old with renal or upper ureteral stones and upper ureter since undergoing PCNL were randomly divided into two groups. In all patients undergoing spinal anesthesia، ureteral catheter F5 was placed in supine position and the patient was returned to the prone position. The control group was injected with15-40 ml of contrast material through the catheter to represent the pelvis and Colle under fluoroscopic guidance، the intervention group were injected with 40-15 ml of room air in a similar way. Then the standard PCNL procedures were performed in all patients. Demographic characteristics and intraoperative and postoperative variables such as access time to system، radiation، hypoxia، and cardiovascular and pulmonary complications in the two groups were compared. The data included descriptive statistics، frequency، mean، standard deviation were analyzed by Student''s t-test. The results showed the the age، sex and mean stone size were similar in both groups. Access time control systems in control group was 7/96±1/62 minutes and in the intervention group was 7/34±1/44 minutes (P=0/049) respectivly. In control group The radiation time was 1/06±0/30 min، and in the intervention group was 0/95±0/24 min (P=0/048). Hypoxia، pulmonary and cardiovascular complications has no seen in two groups. in order to represent of the pelvis and Colle in ''PCNL، the use of room air is feasible، safe and effective، time and duration of radiation have less access to the system and does not charge and can be a good alternative for Pylogram.

Today with an increasing frequency of HIV infection around the world، its epidemiological studies is becoming more important. This study aimed to evaluate the cervical smear in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and also its association with CD4 counts among an Iranian population. In a case-control study، 247 women، 58 HIV infected cases and 189 healthy controls، were included. Liquid-based cytology cervical smears and hematologic findings were compared between cases and controls. The frequency of abnormal smear was significantly higher in cases 20. 7% compared with controls 3. 2% (p<0. 001). The mean CD4 count was significantly lower in cases with abnormal smear compared with cases with normal smear (573. 0 ± 306. 9 vs. 383. 7± 123. 6; p=0. 042). ‍ Undertaking a serious effort toward provision of gynecological care and cervical cancer screening at the same health center as HIV care، in Iranian HIV infected women is suggested.

TNF gene polymorphisms may influence hepatitis C virus activity. In the present study we surveyed TNF-α concentration in chronic hepatitis C patients and its association with hepatic fibrosis.

We investigated the association between TNF-α level and inflammatory necrosis/fibrosis grading, meanwhile, TNF association was investigated with anthropometric indices (body mass index, waist to hip ratio, waist circumference, sex, age), biochemical indices (triglyceride, cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT, insulin, peptide-c, INR) and also pathological findings.

The study population included 50 males and 10 females with the mean age of 34.9±10.6 years. the mean TNF level was 31.13±30pg/ml. TNF was not associated with the following indices: age, sex, height, BMI, WHR, waist circumference, TG, cholesterol, FBS, HOMA-IR, insulin, peptide-c, INR, ferittin, transferrin, serum iron, steatosis and iron precipitate. However, TNF level was associated with drug abuse and alcohol (p<0.008, p<0.017). Based on logistic regression analysis, FBS, TG, iron level, peptide-c, height, total and indirect bilirubin were associated with TNF.

TNF-α level was associated with FBS, TG, serum iron, peptide-c, total and indirect bilirubin, height, drug abuse, and alcohol use, however, it was not associated with inflammatory necrosis/fibrosis grading.

Due to widespread of palpable breast masses in female and common complications resulted from delayed diagnosis and also with some regards to contradictory reports upon the accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in comparison with standard method of excisional biopsy this study has been performed on patients with palpable breast mass referred to the Aayatollah Talegheni Hospital between years 2003 and 2005. The present study was based on evaluation of diagnostic methods. Seventy five patients were included in this research and the mean of their age was 44±10 years (ranged from 20 to 75 years). FNA was accomplished initially by skin prep with alcohol and holding the lumps between thumb and point fingers. After the needle (No 22-25) was placed into the lump, a continous suction was generated using a 10 ml syring and then multiple in and out needle motions were performed. The collected samples were then smeared on glass slides and allowed to dry out in air and fixed by 96% alcohol. The fixed smears were then stained and examined by a pathologist. Lesions with cystic character were drained and excluded from the study. FNA results were reported according to the latest classification of breast masses as follow c1: inadequate sample, c2: benign, c3: semibenign, c4: semimalignant, c5: malignant (c3 & c4 assumed as indeterminate group). The total efficiency of FNA for detection of palpable and malignant breast tumor was determined based on, the pathology reports on excisional biopsy (as a gold standard method), the level of sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and also the overall efficiency of FNA. .4 cases of drained cystic lump were eliminated from the study. The amount of sample were inadequate for FNA study in 11 biopsy cases (14.7%). Nine biopsies (15%) were identified as indeterminate, 43.3% as benign, and 41.7% malignant, which were compatible with the results of excisional biopsy. Therefore 100% (all) of the positive and negative predictive values were obtained. The FNA is a suitable method for diagnosis of malignancy in palpable breast tumor, and hense it can be recommended for this purpose.

We studied the effects of serum iron level, hepatic iron deposition and other metabolic disorders i.e., insulin resistance in hepatic fibrosis development.

Among 60 patients with chronic hepatitis C, we measured serum iron, ferritin and transferrin level. Meanwhile, hepatic biopsies were obtained from 43 patients for whom iron deposition, inflammatory necrosis/fibrosis score and steatosis were determined.

Hepatic iron deposition was significantly associated with waist circumference, ferritin level >200ng/ml, fasting C-peptide >1.9ng/ml, AST/ALT ratio >1, and fasting triglyceride >200mg/dl. On the other hand, it was not correlated with the following: grading, preportal-precital hepatitis (A), necrosis (b), focal lytic necrosis (C), focal apoptosis (C), and portal inflammation (D).

Our findings suggested an interaction between hepatic iron deposition and waist circumference, ferritin, fasting C-peptide, AST/ALT, and fasting triglyceride.