فهرست مطالب فواد علیمرادی

Background and Sleep plays a major role in maintaining health and improving academic performance and behavior in adolescents. Studies on the relationship between diet and sleep quality are not consistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between sleep quality and consumption of macronutrients and micronutrients in adolescents.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 319 individuals (10-18 years of age) selected by multistage random cluster sampling in Minoodar district, Qazvin, Iran 2010-2011. Dietary pattern was assessed using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and information on food intake was obtained using Nutrition 4, Version 3.5.2. Sleep quality was assessed by BEARS questionnaire. Data analysis was performed applying T-test.
The research population included 162 (50.8%) females. The mean age of the participants was 15±2.43 years. Amon the cases studied 302 were found with low-quality sleep. There was no significant relationship between sleep quality and calorie, and intake of micronutrients and macronutrient (P>0.05). The mean intake of omega-3 fatty acids in subjects with good-quality sleep was higher than that in the subjects with low-quality sleep (P≤0.05).
Appropriate intake of omega-3 fatty acid was associated with high-quality sleep. There was no relationship between sleep quality and consumption of micronutrients and macronutrients.

Sleep plays an important role in health. Reduced levels of attention, learning and memory are of adverse outcomes of sleep disorders in students.
The aim of this study was to determine the association of sleep disturbances with watching TV and satellite and playing video games in 14-17 years old high school students of Qazvin.
This cross sectional study was conducted in 653 high school students (14-17 years old) in Qazvin that were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method (2013-2014). Data were collected through Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and BEARS questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, T-test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis.
Findings: From 653 students, 392 (60%) were female. The mean age was 15.73±0.99 years. The most prevalent sleep disturbances were waking up at night (74.4%), daytime sleepiness (69.8%), napping after school (66.6%), and nightmare (51.1%), respectively. Daytime sleepiness, nightmares, sleep after waking up, falling asleep in school, and nap after school time had significant association with watching satellite.
With regards to the results, prevalence of sleep disorders was high in high school students of Qazvin and sleep disturbances were associated with duration of watching satellite.

Introduction Since diabetes damages some organs such as kidney, eye, and nerve paralysis of the body in addition result in increases in the depression and mental disorder. Because of the high prevalence of diabetes and rare studies about the relationship between Blood Pressure (BP) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) with happiness, this study was conducted.
Materials and Methods It was a descriptive (case control) study, which surveyed diabetes type II and non-diabetics refer to south of Tehran diabetes screening center. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient, by using SPSS v. 22 software.
Results Mean of happiness was 113.83±20.17 and 117.13±17.05 in the non-diabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. The relationship between happiness and health, absence of debate (P=0.012) and systolic blood pressure in the non-diabetic group (P=0.006) was significant. Fasting Blood Sugar and happiness had a significant relationship with happiness between the non-diabetic (P=0.05) and diabetic groups (P=0.04). The happiness and age in our experiment had a reverse significant correlation (P=0.028 r=-0.142). But, happiness with Body Mass Index, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol was not significantly correlated.
Conclusion Happiness with systolic blood pressure in people without diabetes and fasting plasma glucose in the case and control groups was statistically correlated and the control of these two biochemical parameters plays an important role in prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease in healthy people. Therefore, happiness as a life style for health promotion could be placed in the national health programs.

Sleeping is the most important circadian rhythms and one of the fundamental human needs. Approximately, one third of one's life is spent in the sleep. Insufficient sleep has been widespread in the modern society and a large number of people are suffering from it. People with sleep disorders in addition to fatigue are experiencing the defect in cell regeneration, difficulty in thinking, learning and memory, increased stress and reduced the daily performance on behavior. In most cases, disruption in the sleep cycle is an early symptom in the various diseases. Several studies have shown that the sleep disorders are associated with the incidence and intensifying of diseases, and the improvement of sleep quality in different ages, especially in the adulthood, helps them to avoid the risk of chronic diseases during life. According to evidence and the impressive impact of sleep on health and quality of people’s life and also reducing the quality and quantity of sleep in the modern society, this study examines the importance of sleep and its effect on health, especially the role of sleep in the prevention of metabolic diseases.

Background and Diabetes is a global problem and one of the main reasons for debility and mortality in present-day societies. Some studies have indicated that Sleep Durationand blood sugar levels in diabetics are correlated, but this has not been confirmed in other research. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between Sleep Durationand blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods and materials: In this cross-sectional-analytical study, 244 type 2 diabetes patients referred to the Diabetes Screening Center in south Tehran were studied. After obtaining written consent from the patients, demographic information and information regarding their sleep patterns was collected, and blood samples were taken from them. The data was analyzed using the statistical analyses chi-square, independent t-test, and logistic regression.
Findings: Of the 244 studied patients, 168 (68.9%) were females and 67 (31.1%) males, and their overall average age was 58.30±11.22. Study of the relationship between blood sugar level control and sleep hours controlling for demographic variables and duration of the disease showed that Sleep Durationon holidays and working days had no significant correlation with blood sugar level control in the studied patients (p>0.05).
There was no correlation between Sleep Durationand fasting blood sugar and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. We recommend longitudinal studies be carried out in this regard.

Recently, the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery has been emphasized. Vitamin C as an antioxidant important role in reducing the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to investigate, administration of vitamin C, as a way to reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass surgery.
In this double-blind clinical study, 290 patients in Rajaee Heart Center, from March 2013 to December 2014 who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were randomly divided into intervention and control groups to receive vitamin C and placebo. The intervention group before the surgery in the operating room received 2 grams of vitamin C intravenously then one gram per day for four days prior to surgery. After the operation, the two groups were compared in terms of the following: Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias after surgery, ICU stay and hospital stay and duration of intubation.
113 cases and 177 controls (191 men and 99 women) with a mean age of 55.40±14.40 years in both groups (vitamin C and placebo) were enrolled. The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was 55% in the placebo group to 35% in the vitamin C group decreased (P= 0.001). Duration of intubation in the intervention group 11.8 and the control group was 14.14 hours (P= 0.004). The amount of drainage was lower in vitamin C group (P= 0.003). Vitamin C had no effect on the rates of hospital and ICU stay (P= 0.075). There was no significant reduction in threatening arrhythmia (VT) and VF in this period (P= 0.159).
Vitamin C supplements may reduce atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery also can improve conditions such as reducing the duration of intubation. With regard to the safety, these supplements can be recommended for the prevention of atrial fibrillation before coronary artery bypass surgery.

In recent years, although the infectious diseases have noticeably declined as a result of science advances and public hygiene improvements, the prevalence of chronic diseases have increased; the World Health Organization has introduced cardiovascular diseases as one of the most significant causes of death in the world. Obesity and overweight are considered to be major health problems in developed and developing countries which are tied to many diseases and impose a heavy economic and social burden on governments. Recently, numerous studies have been conducted worldwide to address the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Researchers have used a variety of methods including medication, dietetic quality improvement, appropriate physical activity, and the use of some nutrients in the form of supplements in order to decrease the risk of metabolic diseases. Therefore, using a low-risk, effective, and accessible method that can prevent these diseases in different people is of great significance. A review of various studies shows that whey protein can have beneficial effects on preventing these diseases. This protein is among the milk components and has unique features which make it distinct from other protein sources. Thus, the present study overviews the influence of consuming whey protein on prevention of metabolic diseases.

Introduction and Olive oil is one of the important parts of Mediterranean diet. It is considered as unique edible for a single unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), pleasant flavor, good stability and special effects of well-being. According to compounds found in olive oil and its impact on human health, this study was conducted to investigate the effect olive oil on Human health. In this study, to access the available studies, searching was carried out in valid scientific databases using the key words Olive Oil, Mediterranean diet, and a total of 76 articles were selected and evaluated. Olive oil contains sterol, phenol compounds and A and E vitamins with useful effects on body and significant reduction of cardiovascular diseases. Olive oil also contributes on chronic diseases prevention such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, oxidation, aging and memory decline. Substituting olive oil instead of other edible ones may protect people against chronic diseases.

Lipid disorders, which are associated with the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, are increasing in adolescents. Studies are indicative of the relationship of blood lipid level and chronic diseases with anthropometric indices in adolescents. This study aims to investigate lipid disorders and their relationship with anthropometric indices in adolescents. The sample of this descriptive and analytical study included 318 adolescents aged 10-18 who were selected and analyzed using stratified random sampling. The subjects’ demographic, anthropometric and biochemical data were obtained. The data were then analyzed using t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Of the subjects, 19.5% had a total cholesterol above 170 mg/dl, 33.7% had a triglyceride level above 100 mg/dl, 12.6% had an LDL cholesterol level above 110 mg/dl, and 41% had an HDL cholesterol level below 40 mg/dl. The increase in BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and waist to height ratio was accompanied by increased lipid disorders. Significance level was considered as 0.05. Although the use of anthropometric indicators alone cannot indicate the condition of the blood lipid profile in adolescents, but they can be used as a simple and accessible method.

Overweight and obesity are the major health problems in the world. Increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is very important due to the effect on blood lipids composition and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood lipids status and its association with body mass index among adolescents in Qazvin city, Iran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 318 individuals aged 10 to 18 years in Minoodar City of Qazvin were selected using cluster randomized design. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. The results showed that 9.7% of the participant adolescents were underweight, 15.7% were overweight and 4.8% were obese. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated LDL cholesterol were 19.6%, 11.3% and 12.9%, respectively, and HDL cholesterol levels were lower than the recommended amount in 23% of the subjects. There was a significant correlation between the level of blood triglyceride and body mass index (P = 0.02). The overweight and obese adolescents had higher concentrations of blood triglycerides compared to the adolescents with optimal weight. Therefore, it seems that weight control is an effective way to reduce blood lipid metabolism disorders in adolescents.

Background and Suitable diets during adolescence are effective in providing nutritional needs, and allowing physical and mental growth in adolescents, and in preventing chronic diseases in adulthood. Some studies suggest a relationship between nutritional status and composition of blood lipids. This study was designed to investigate the association between intake of different food groups and composition of blood lipids in adolescents. In this descriptive-analytic study, 312 adolescents aged 10-18 years old were selected using random cluster sampling in 2011. Nutritional and biochemical information was collected for all participants and analyzed using SPSS V. 16. The mean age of the subjects was 15.07±2.42 years and there were 51% female and 49% male. Significant correlation was found between intake of bread and cereals (P=0.001), milk and dairy products (P=0.047), and vegetable groups (P=0.021) with HDL cholesterol levels in adolescents. According to this study nutritional status of the studied adolescents should be improved. Paying more attention to quality and variety of dietary intake could have important effects on modifying the risk factors for various diseases in this age group.

Introduction and Breakfast is the most important meal that plays an important role in adolescents’ health. Eating breakfast caused to increasing the diet quality and preventing chronic diseases. This study examines not having breakfast and some related demographic factors in 14-18 years old adolescents of Sanandaj. In this study, 553, 14-18 years old students of Sanandaj’s high schools were selected randomly. Providing a checklist, demographic and anthropometric information of all participant were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 software, Chi-square test and t-test. 41 (7.5%) of teens didn’t have eat breakfast, and 59 (10.7%) had breakfast one or two days a week. Breakfast consumption was significantly higher in boys than girls (P < 0.001). The results showed that the level of parental education was correlated with eating breakfast by adolescents (P < 0.05). There was no significant relationship between body mass index in adolescents with eating breakfast (P = 0.16). Breakfast consumption declined with age in adolescents (P < 0.003). Breakfast consumption in adolescents is influenced by demographic factors. Parents’ high level of education, as well as higher employment levels influences the perseverance of having breakfast in adolescents during the week. Thus, parents play a decisive role in habits formation of eating breakfast in their teens.

Economical, social, and cultural factors could be affect on life style. The definition of life style is very different in literature. In recent years, healthy life style with traditional approach is considered by health specialists, and numerous research centers were studied the factors that affect on life style and health. In Iranian traditional medicine six factors is necessary on maintenance of health. Our object was study about healthy life style in Iranian traditional medicine. This study was a library research. Iranian traditional medicine books such as "Ghanoon Dar Teb", " Zakhireye Kharazmshahi", " Kholasatolhekmah" were studied. In general, six factors were mentioned toward maintenance of health in Iranian traditional medicine, that are named "Asbabe Seteh" in terminology. Theese six factors are included: Air, Foods and Fluids, Movement and Tranquility, Sleep and Awaking, Vomiting and Confinement and Sensual presentations. Today health specialists believes that multiple factors affect on life style and incidence of disease. In the other hands, Iranian traditional medicine have many reference about it. In conclusion, this approach of medicine must be considered in many aspects of health and disease and furthered research must be designed about its theories.