قاسم عرب

This study aimed to identify the factors of (mutual) beatings of NAJA traffic police and drivers and by playing the role of human communication components, proper interactions and religious considerations of social relations between police and drivers. This research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods in terms of applied purpose and in terms of research method. The statistical population was the qualitative part of the elites in the fields of road, social and legal, and sociology, and the comprehensive statistical part was the quantitative part of road experts and drivers, which was the sample size of Morgan table and possible stratified sampling method. Data collection tools were in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Human communication is the most important factor that prevents the mutual beating of traffic police and drivers. That is, avoiding interrupting the audience and observing appropriate gestures in the conversation can greatly prevent mutual beatings. The results of the quantitative section also show that the traffic police should pay attention to the legal consequences of the beating. In general, the causes of police beatings by drivers are lack of religious beliefs, drivers 'innate tendency to aggressive behaviors, abnormal job status, and drivers' lack of awareness in communicating humanely with traffic police.

In this research, energy data of the country from 1374 to 1397 are presented and econometric analysis and decomposition analysis methods (Laspeyres and Logarithmic mean Divisia index) are used to identify and determine the effect of activity, structure and energy intensity on energy consumption. The results of econometric method analysis show that the fitted function of energy consumption based on the two variables of population and value added with R2 = 99% is valid and the population factor has a greater effect than the value added factor on changes in energy consumption. The results of the Decomposition analysis show that the Divisia method has a higher accuracy than the Laspeyres method and according to this method and during the whole period, the average structural effect is 48%, activity effect is 18% and energy intensity effect is 18% in increasing energy consumption.

Transportation and communication arteries have been the source of many positive and negative events throughout human history. Traffic accidents and the resulting injuries, which threaten the lives of many people around the world and annually about 1.2 million people in the world are killed in road accidents and more than 50 million people suffer serious injuries, including these events It is negative. The present study is in order to analyze the causes of the occurrence of these traffic accidents on the outskirts of cities in 1397 in the city of Mashhad.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research method (directional content analysis). The statistical population includes all the chiefs and deputies of police experts in accident affairs of the country, who were selected from 21 people based on snowball sampling. The method of gathering field information and its tools are in-depth semi-structured interviews to achieve theoretical saturation. Due to the quality of the work, the analysis method is simultaneously collected, encoded, compressed, isolated and summarized and encrypted. Then by creating the categories, the themes using the software version 18 Max. کیو.دی. It was calculated and analyzed.

Forecasting and prevention, comprehensive management, infrastructure, prevailing conditions in the suburbs and safety are the main causes of traffic accidents in the suburbs of Mashhad and in this regard, some suggestions were presented at the end.

In this research, thermodynamic modeling of a combined production cycle of heat and power is performed based on a solid oxide fuel cell for building sector applications. Initially, the thermodynamic assessment is explained by introducing the mentioned cycle and its respected modeling technique. Then, cycle simulation is performed using Cycle Tempo analytical software by simultaneously solving the mass, energy, and electrochemical equilibrium equations. Parametric analysis of the main characteristics influencing the performance of the cycle is assessed, and the appropriate operating conditions are determined after presenting the performance results. The results show that using this model, electric power of 14.00 kW, thermal power of 4.56 kW, heat to power ratio of 32% at net electrical efficiency of 58.5%, and total efficiency of 77.3% is achievable. These results also confirm the attractiveness of the proposed systems over other electricity and heat cogeneration technologies, which are based on gas engines or gas micro turbines. The system is highly recommended in administrative buildings and warm and warm/moderate climates considering the functionality of the proposed system in different heat to power ratios.

The existence of a successful internal and global experience in establishing an energy management system, based on ISO 50001: 2018, is an acceptable method for organizations to reduce their energy as well as environmental costs. In this standard, the methodology to promote energy management in organizations is presented. In a sense, improving energy performance leads to a reduction in consumption and, consequently, the energy costs are organized as such. On the other hand, as well as raising competitiveness of the organization, and improving its profitability, it also covers part of their environmental commitments. This standard creates a framework for a systematic energy management in industrial, commercial and governmental organizations/institutions. The energy baselines, performance indicators, targets and energy performance monitoring are important parts of this standard. In this study, using actual energy consumption data and by identifying effective factors influencing on this parameter, a model has been developed for targeting, performance monitoring and compilation energy bases in an administrative building in Tehran. Results show that the proposed model/methodology and its information can be used in any similar building in any geographic region.

Considering the limitation and contamination of renewable energy sources, using new methods of energy generation has been increasingly considered. One of these methods is to use solid fuel cells, which does not have much of the limitations of other types of fuel cells. In this study, first a heat and power co-generation system based on solid oxide fuel cell has been introduced. Among the factors affecting the cell, temperature was investigated in four different modes. Increasing the working temperature of cell causes an increment in its chemical interaction and also increases the output voltage and improves its performance.

In this research، a thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid SOFC/ GT cycle system with ITM technology in order to capture CO2 has been performed. The cycle is designed to supply required power of an Iranian oil platform and its CO2 will be injected into an oil reservoir. At first، the proposed cycle and modeling methodology is introduced and by using EES software coding، the thermodynamic model has been developed. Then، mass، energy and electrochemical balance equations are solved simultaneously. The modeling results show that this cycle has an electrical efficiency of 79. 19% without the CO2 capture and compression system، and while adding the CO2 capture and compression system، the efficiency reduces to 75. 4%. The SOFC، gas turbine and steam turbine shares from power generation of the cycle are 73. 55%، 18. 79% and 7. 67 %، respectively. The specific CO2 production of the cycle is 24. 12% lower than the average of modern combined-cycle gas power plants. Injection of the produced CO2 into the oil reservoir results in extracting of 995 barrels per year of crude oil. Parametric analysis show that by considering the performance restriction of the ITM، the cycle’s working pressure should be as low as possible. According to condition، reservoir structure and recovery coefficient of the Iran’s oil fields، and due to the above-mentioned advantages، application of this technology has been suggested in this research.

In this research, the thermo economic analysis of a PSOFC/GT hybrid cycle was taking place regarding a sustainable approach. Initially, the proposed cycle was accurately introduced and then the modeling methodology was presented. Furthermore, the cycle simulation was presented with the development of a thermodynamic model in EES software based on the mass, energy and economic equations, those were solved simultaneously. With introducing electrical and overall efficiencies, a comprehensive analysis of thermodynamics was done, which was contributed to a dynamic economic model, which was proposed and analyzed in after-steps. In order to determine effects of change in main parameters, a parametric study was prepared. By these means, the results show that the electrical efficiency of 61.3 % and overall efficiency of 77.65 % are achievable within 1962 kW net output power, where, HRSG heat recovery capacity is equal to 436.8 kW and HPR was calculated 22.27 %. This cycle with producing 310.9 g/kWh CO2, reduces the CO2 emissions by 30.3 % comparing with the conventional gas fired combined cycles.