لیلا الیاسی

In this study, the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of three indicators, bromocresol green, phenolphthalein and methyl orange, were determined by scanning the solution of indicators and deposited pH paper in these solutions (in each step of color-changing solution) and then chemometrics method. These methods are simple, fast, and inexpensive. For this reason, first, the vessels containing the indicator solution and pH paper (in each step of color-changing solution) were scanned by the scanner, and then the images of sample solutions and pH papers were transferred to a computer using Microsoft Photo Editor (Microsoft XP). RGB values were measured, in each pixel, with the image processing tool box of MATLAB. In MATLAB (2013) software, a novel program was written based on RGB values, for calculating pKa indicators. The agreement between obtained pKa by this method and values reported in the literature demonstrates the utility of the method here used.

Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder suffer from stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine the Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support on stress, depression and anxiety of these mothers.

Thirty mothers with children aged 6-8 years old with autism spectrum disorder were selected randomly from Gorgan Special Schools and were randomly divided into 2 groups of intervention and control. An expert psychiatrist educated MBPBS to the intervention group in 8 sessions. The assessment tools included the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory, completed by all mother before, immediately and one month after the intervention. Independent t-test was used to compare the two groups.

Before intervention, mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress in mothers of autistic children were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups, but the mean scores of the two groups were significantly different after intervention and one month after the intervention; mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress of mothers of autistic children did not change significantly in the control group over time, but decreased significantly in the intervention group (P<0.001).

MBPBS was able to reduce depression, anxiety and stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Using MBPBS is suggested to be used for decreasing depression, anxiety and stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most powerful drugs that leads to many cognitive and behavioral side effects such as anxiety. On the other hand, studies have shown that ovarian hormones such as estrogen and progesterone have neuroprotective effects on a wide range of cognitive and behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of estrogen and progesterone on anxiety-like behaviors, body temperature, brain edema, and neuronal death induced by neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine.

This study was performed in 48 ovariectomized rats divided into six groups including: control, METH (6mg / kg), vehicle (sesame oil), METH + estrogen (1mg / kg), METH + progesterone (8mg / kg), and METH + estrogen + progesterone. Body temperature and anxiety-like behaviors were investigated, then, the animals were killed and brain tissues were harvested to evaluate brain edema and neuronal death in hippocampal CA1.

Body temperature, brain water content, motor activity, and anxiety-related behaviors significantly increased in animals that received METH (P<0.001), but, treatment with estrogen and progesterone attenuated motor activity, and anxiety-related behaviors induced by METH. Brain edema, body temperature, and neuronal cell death in hippocampal CA1 area partially decreased in METH+estrogen and METH + progesterone groups.

This study suggests that ovarian hormones such as estrogen and progesterone are effective in improving behavioral deficits and neuronal death induced by METH in ovariectomized rats.

Satureja bachtiarica L, an important medicinal plant from Lamiaceae family is valuable because of its medical compounds. Optimization of in vitro culture through callogenesis is proposed to be an alternative for vegetative propagation. In present study, an efficient protocol has been developed for callus induction of S. bachtiarica using different explants and concentrations of plant growth regulators on MS basal medium. Results indicated that the highest rate of callogenesis (16.82±0.94 days after culture) and callus volume (14.17±0.47) were achieved from internodes explants. On the other hand, for percentage of callus induction, shoot tips, internodes and nodal segments explants were more efficient than that of leaves explants. According to the results, the nodal segments cultured on medium supplemented with 1 mgl-1 BAP plus 1 mgl-1 NAA led to a remarkable decrease in induction rate of calli. Maximum callus volume was obtained from internodes explants cultured on medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl-1 BAP plus 0.5 mgl-1 NAA.

Satureja bachtiarica L., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is rich in essential oils, used for various purposes including pharmaceutical, food, and health applications. In vitro culture of Satureja, in order to callus induction and optimization of cell suspension, provides rapid production and easy extraction of secondary metabolites. In the present study, callus induction was conducted by using different explants and concentrations of growth regulators. The most suitable calli were selected to induce suspension cultures and were transferred to liquid media supplemented with different combination of BAP and NAA. The experiment was performed in a factorial completely randomized design by using three replications. The cell biomass (cell number) was examined on different days. The mean comparison results for the explant origin showed that the internode explant produced the highest cell number. In addition, evaluation of interaction of explants with media showed that the maximum cell biomass was obtained by internode explant and the medium containing 2mg.L-1 NAA plus 0.5mg.L-1 BAP in the fifth day. On the other hand, study of growth process and cell proliferation during the days after the establishment of suspension cultures, also revealed that this hormonal composition had the highest utility to generate the maximum number of cells in all explants tested.

Resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is one of the most serious problems in the field of infectious medicine that leads to in costs, adverse drug reactions and the development of resistant bacterial infections. Therefore, the present study is to investigate antibiotic before surgery in Gerash Amiralmomenin hospital in 1393.
Material and A random sample included 2282 patients from different departments of surgery (general and gastrointestinal, urological, orthopedic, ear, nose and throat, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, Obstetrics and Gynecology) were recruited from hospital then Using the information contained in their records and illegible medical and surgical data were asking each service professionals
In this study, 2177 patients had received antibiotics in the selection of antibiotics (69/88%) were correct. The most commonly used antibiotics were cefazolin in patients.
This study showed that antibiotic prophylaxis consistent with national guidelines It is located on the upper level. The guideline recommends that for most surgery is only one type of antibiotics prescribed several medications, while at this center, the number was too Guidelines This in turn could increase drug interactions, reducing efficiency and increasing costs in the long term due to the resistance.

In order to make a dimensional proportion between human and his equipment or environment, anthropometric data bank is essential. Anthropometry has an important role in industrial management and ergonomic design. This information is needed to be collected regularly in every society. The purpose of survey study was to determine the ratio clavicle to height and sex in adults, between ages 20-30 in Kerman. In this descriptive and analytical study. Cluster sampling method was used to select the subjects. Participants were 800 Iranian people in Kerman: males (n=400) and females (n=400) who were randomly selected. We measured these parameters: the length of right and left Clavicle, shoulder width, length of right and left Upper extremity, height, weight. For anthropometric measurement metallic and plastic tape, goniometer, caliper and actually weighing scales were used. These result were showed, there is a meaningful relationship between the length of clavicle and height. According to our result, left Clavicle is longer than the right one in both men and women. Both right and left Clavicle are longer in men than women. (P<0.05) The usage of anthropometric data in designing a product can reduce human errors and improve public health and qualification of products and efficient use of workplaces. Also used as a single bone, such as clavicle can be gender, age or the relationship between bone length and body weight were discovered. Also can be have a great use in forensics, biomedical engineering, ergonomics and the surgery.

It has been claimed that by using different washing methods, the sperms can be separated according to size, motility, density, chromosomal content and surface markings and charge. These methods also reduce sperm chromatin deficiencies and screen the sperms before applying in assisted reproduction techniques. This study compared simple density gradient methods and a combined method with albumin density gradient and PureSperm separation (alb/PureSperm) for sex preselection by double fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) versus chromomycin A3 staining to determine chromatin integrity. 30 normal semen samples were prepared with PureSperm, albumin gradients and alb/PureSperm. All samples were then stained by FISH and chromomycin A3. The results were compared with SPSS 11.5 and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The proportion of X-bearing spermatozoa by PureSperm separation (47.58±5.67) and Y-bearing spermatozoa by albumin gradient (46.13±3.83) methods were slightly higher than in putative normal sperm samples (1:1), but there were no significant differences in the X- or Y- bearing spermatozoa counts among the three methods. Albumin gradient separation tended to underestimate abnormal spermatozoa compared to PureSperm and combined alb/PureSperm. Routine separation methods slightly enriched X- or Y- bearing spermatozoa, but the differences were not significant for clinical purposes. The combined alb/PureSperm method had no advantages for assessing sex ratio or chromatin integrity compared to simpler gradient methods.