لیلا محمدپور

The major objective of current research is "Identifying patterns of Information Seeking and Retrieval Behavior based on Expectancy Beliefs among PhD Candidates of Mohaghegh Ardabili University.

The research has been conducted in synthetic method, both quantitative and qualitative. The research method in quantitative part was quasi-experimental, and in terms of qualitative method, content analysis was used. The data, in the quantitative method, has been collected with questionnaire and by observation and semi-structured interview has been chosen for qualitative method. The research population consisted of 48 PhD Candidates who were selected by purposeful sampling the data was collected in two stages of completing demographic characteristics, searching experience and expectancy questionnaires and observing the behavior of completing search tasks and finally textual analysis of the interviewed content

Ph.D. candidates have positive expectation on information search and Retrieval process, and their subjective belief in their ability and success in information search and retrieval is above the average level (3.00). Ph.D. Candidate who expects more of the process of searching and retrieving information use less but related strategies and tactics while those with low expectation use More Strategies and Techniques but unrelated and repetitive, so it takes more time to review the retrieved results.

High expectation leads to a positive subjective perception and judgment of the person about his ability to perform the search task, and low expectation leads to a negative subjective perception and belief of the student about his ability to complete the search task.

INTRUDUCTION:Nowadays, the main function of public libraries is to be as a main source for reading and fun. Providing appropriate fictions for readers is of the main responsibilities of public libraries. It seems that some factors affect providing good fictions to library users. The present research aimed to investigate the characteristics of a good fiction from viewpoints of the users in public libraries based on a qualitative study.
The research has been carried out using a qualitative method based on the semi-structured interview. The research population included 16 users of Ardabil central library. They answered the questions about their literal competencies and attitudes, what characteristics a good novel should have and how they access to the novels in the library.
FINDINGS: The findings indicate that the author name is the most important criterion for choosing and borrowing fiction books in public libraries. Reader's typology is based on their literal competencies and attitudes. Readers have different ideas on fictions and accessing them.
Public libraries are the main centers for providing recreational and readable fictions, so recognizing different readers based on their literal competencies and attitudes play an important role in selecting appropriate books for them.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job characteristics of librarians of universities under authority of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran and their motivation for knowledge sharing. Method of the research was analytical survey, and the data were gathered using three questionnaires of job characteristics, knowledge sharing motivation, and knowledge sharing. Research population consisted of 133 librarians working in Medical universities in Tehran. The number of completed questionnaires was 118. According to the findings, the status of the librarian's job characteristics and their motivation for knowledge sharing were at average level. However, there was a significant relationship between job characteristics and motivation for knowledge sharing among the librarians. Findings also confirmed the relationship between knowledge sharing motivation and knowledge sharing practice. With increasing job autonomy, the intrinsic motivation to knowledge sharing will increase. Also, the increase of job identity and social feedback leads to increase in interjected and extrinsic motivation to knowledge sharing between librarians.

Foregrounding is one of the terms associated with Russian Formalism. Based on this theory, our perception of life always becomes boring by habit because automation flow wears out everything, so writers can direct the language forward and get out of backwardness, slump and stagnation through impressive linguistic devices and creative norm deviations.In this paper, three drops of blood short story by Sadegh Hedayat was studied from a foregrounding perspective and the result show that Hedayat has foregrounded his story language and introduced himself as a creative writer using new characterization and character´s psychological analysis along with the symbolic language, repetition and simulation, written foregrounding, semantic foregrounding, time deviation, sarcastic tone and brevity.

Nosocomial infections increase patients’ morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and have become a matter of major concern. Controlling and preventing nosocomial infections need enough information about epidemiology of these infections. This study aims at estimating the incidence rate and the most frequent bacteria which cause these infections in neonatal intensive care unit of Ghaem university hospital, Mashhad. In this study which is performed during a twelve month period in 2004 and 2005 at neonatal intensive care unit of Ghaem hospital, 971 hospitalized neonates were studied.