مجتبی اسفندیاری کلوکن

There has been two approaches in valuating virtual Water exports: Partial and General Equilibrium. Partial Equilibrium analysis are basically measured in terms of physical quantities (hectare, Cubic meter, tons etc.).This approach being partial does not consider other economic sectors (mines, industries and services). However, in general approach using input- output format, all economic sectors are taken into account simultaneously. The data base used in this approach is compositional (values and physical quantities) to estimate virtual water exports and imports for evaluating ecological pathology. Some researchers using partial equilibrium conclude that agricultural sector of Iran is net importer of virtual water, while others using general equilibrium are of the view that it is a net exporter of virtual water .One limiting factor in both the analysis is that these analysis are based on similar technology assumptions. In this paper we try to incorporate relative water productivity of trade partners in our analysis for the countriesfrom which 70 percent of Iran s imports came from. Our findings show that despite being a hot and dry country facing water shortages, Iran has been net exporter of virtual water. When we have taking into account the relative water productivity in our analysis, we find that the coefficient of net export of virtual water has increased even further.

Using different technology presumptions by Central Bank and Statistical Center of Iran in designing symmetric tables has confused the users. Users have two solutions for this problem: using the symmetric tables irrespective of the technology presumptions in different economic areas or calculating them based on make-use matrices proportionality to specific goals before using. The article addresses the later. Eight symmetric tables are calculated based on last aggregated statistical make-use matrices designed by Central Bank and Statistical Center of Iran in 1999 and 2001 and are compared with the present tables emphasizing the production structure of petroleum and natural gas. Findings of the research reveal that all elements of the mentioned tables are meaningful and should not easily be modified and removed.

This paper studies the status of the production sectors in job creation and value added in our country. The effecting factors are investigated as well. To do so, the input-output (I-O) multipliers analysis has been employed. The contribution of effective factors in job creation and value added of sectors are investigated as well. The I-O table for the year 2006 as well as the Population and Housing Census for the same year that have been provided by the Statistical Centre of Iran are used as databases. Among the factors effecting job creation and value added are the total linkage of job and value added multiplicatores that are technical factors and constant in the short run. The results of this research show only farming, gardening, and forestry sector is regarded as the five top sectors due to total forward linkage multiplicatores of value added generators and high rates of occupation, whereas financial intermediations/ and production of electricity, water and gas sectors that are regarded as the five top sectors due to the total forward linkage multiplicatores, are the lowest sectors due to value added generators. Final products of sectors are the other effective factor, which is an exogenous one that can change in the short run. Although the final products of sectors have a high relationship with the level of their value added in 2006, the final products of sectors have no strong relationship with their employment.