مجتبی عاشوری

This study aimed to explore the expriences of ninth grade students of middle school from major selection process using the grounded theory. A qualitative research method along with a grounded theory approach was used. The statistical population was all the ninth grade students of Zanjan province in the 2017-2018 school year (N=12898). A total of 20 ninth-grade students were selected by purposeful sampling method of the available type. An in-depth interview method was the main data collecting tool. Analyzing data was performed following the Corbin and Strauss (1990) model. A total of 29 sub-concepts, and six main concepts were identified. The main concepts included «Identification», «Fitness of Major», «Growth Path», «Perceived Dignity of Major», «Individual Factors» and «Environmental or Intermediate Factors»; Moreover, by integrating and comparing the main concepts, a central phenomenon -«Recommended or Compulsory Major Selection»- extracted from the concepts. Using a grounded theory approach, the results of the current study specified the components related to students’ major selection. According to this model, students believe that major selection is mostly based on recommendations from family, peers, school counselors, and educational guidance groups, or is affected by environmental determinism, the atmosphere of the society. But student's interest has relatively little role in their major selection. It can be concluded that training of appropriate planning methods and paying attention to the students personal interests and abilities by school counselors and psychologists can play role of facilitator in the process of major selection.

Considering that failure in national exams has several psychological-emotional consequences for students, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based intervention on self-criticism and depressive in remaining applicants from the entrance exam.

The present study was a semi-experimental pre-test post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study was all the students who remained from the entrance exam in 2019 year and participated in the preparatory classes for the entrance exam in Khodabandeh city, of which 40 people (which 20 for the intervention group and 20 for the control group) using Available sampling method was selected and randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. After performing the pre-test on both groups, the experimental intervention was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week, and after the treatment program, the post-test was performed. The data of this study were collected using the self-criticism questionnaire of Gilbert et al. (2004) and the Beck Depression Questionnaire (1961).The data of the present study were analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS 21

The results showed that after the compassion-based intervention, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of self- criticism and depressive in the intervention group compared to the control group.

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that self-taught education to students who failed in the entrance exam can prevent depressive in these students by reducing their self-criticism.

This study aimed to draw a conceptual model of the failing process of the university entrance applicants. The study was carried out by qualitative method and grounded theory. In this study, the statistical population was all the applicants who had failed the university entrance exam 2020 in different fields of study, in Khodabandeh city, Iran. To this end, 12 applicants of the university entrance exam 2020 in different fields were selected by purposive sampling. They had failed the examination once or twice before. The data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interview. To analyze the data, first, the study used open and axial coding to place the relevant categories into a paradigm model, which is casual factors, contextual, confounding, strategies and consequences. Then, the main category of the research was extracted in the selective coding phase. The results of the research identified 110 sub-themes and 18 main themes. The main category extracted from the themes was "motivation of success in the university entrance exam". This study drew the conceptual model and identified the components related to the failing and how they interact with each other. The results indicated that motivation of the success could link the causal factors, contextual, confounding and strategies.

Nowadays, a large part of the countrychr('39')s youth is critical of success in the University Entrance Exam (UEE). Thus, that failure in it is associated with the problematic condition psycho-educational for them. Holding the university entrance is a phenomenon; despite numerous studies, it has not yet been studied on the factors associated with it.

The present study aimed to explore the experiences of the UEE applicants from the back entrance.

This study was carried out with a qualitative method and grounded theory approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of all applicants of the year 1399 from the different academic majors of Khodabandeh city. The study sample included 12 applicants who had the experience of one or two years chr('39') experience in a UEE and were selected by purposeful sampling method. A semi-structured in-depth interview was employed to collect data. Data were analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin approach (2008).

By deep analyzing of applicants’ experience, 160 primary concepts, 107 alternative themes and 9 main themes were obtained. Main factors of failure including social atmosphere, instructional environment, friends, and family as background factors; mental function, academic performance, and reaction to inadvertent events as process factors; mental and academic consequences as consequential factors were categorized. “Motivation for success in UEE” was extracted central class that encompasses all background, process, and consequential factors, it was the final response to the main research question, that is effective factors on failure in UEE. Thus, when failing the test is an option to gain desirable result, it will be selected, otherwise it is abandoned.

The results of this study can be helpful for instruction administrators, academic consultants, and parents to understand applicants’ mental world.

In this research, Fe3O4@Propylsilane-Pyridine[HSO4] magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized via functionalization of Fe3O4 by tri-methoxy silyl propyl amine, pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and sulfuric acid. The structures of the synthesized nanoparticles at different stages were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Also, the crystal structure, morphology and thermal stability of the nanoparticles were investigated using XRD, SEM, TEM and TGA analyzes. Finally, dihydropyrido[3,2-d: 5,6-d'] dipyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by using of these nanoparticles as an effective catalysts. Comparison of the performance of this catalyst with other catalysts showed that the nano-catalysts made in this research, significantly increase the yield and reaction rate compared to other catalysts.

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of social-emotional learning program on improving students' academic motivation and self-efficacy. The study design was semi-experimental with pre-test/post-test and control group. The statistical population was all high school male students of Zanjan. First, a school was selected by a convenience sampling method. Then the subjects (N=44) were selected in a random sampling procedure, then randomly assigned to two equally divided experimental and control groups. A package for Social-emotional Skills Training was taught to the first group for 12 sessions, each for one hour, while the latter did not receive. The study instruments were Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaire (Greene, Miller, Crowson, Duke, & Akey, 2004) and Harter's Academic Motivation Questionnaire (1981). The results suggested that the social-emotional learning training had a significantly positive affect on academic motivation and academic self-efficacy and also social-emotional learning remained a great factor affecting learning motivation and academic self-efficacy. Hence, educational experts are suggested to pay special heed to the function of the social-emotional learning in order to train students with high academic motivation and self-efficacy.

It is difficult if not impossible to achieve educational and goals with compromise emotional disturbances. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional regulation training on social adjustment and interpersonal sensitivity of students.
This is a semi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test with the experimental group and the control group. The statistical population consisted of all high school boys in Tabriz in the academic year of 1395-96. Multi-stage random sampling was used. Based on an interpersonal sensitivity questionnaire, 30 students were selected. They were randomly Assigned to experimental and control groups. Students of both groups responded to the social compatibility checklist for school students. The experimental group was subjected to an excitement training program for 12 sessions. Then, in the post-test, both groups responded to the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multivariate and single-variable covariance analysis.
The results showed that emotional regulation training reduced the interpersonal sensitivity in the experimental group at post-test and stage. Also, the level of social adjustment in the experimental group in the post-test and stage increased and the comparison of the mean scores of the pre-test-post-test showed a significant difference.
Considering that emotional regulation training can reduce interpersonal sensitivity and promote social adjustment of students, it is better to emphasize the emotional aspects of students in educational programs.

In recent years, Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) seeks to explain the factors that shape job satisfaction. Relatedly, SCT has received a good deal of empirical attention as a framework for understanding various aspects of job satisfaction. So, this study tried to assess the validity of job satisfaction socio-cognitive model for the secondary school teachers of Urmia city. In order to do this, 382 school teachers of the mentioned population were selected through multistage random sampling procedure, which included 194 female and 188 male teachers. The tests including job satisfaction, goal attainment support, self-efficiency, work condition and goal progress were taken, each of which included some measures. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling method. The results showed that the obtained data fit well with the theoretical socio-cognitive model, and the model in the recent sample is a valid one. The index related to the ratio of chi-square to degree of freedom is less than 3 (χ2/df<3) which is a good value and indicates that the covariance structure of findings is consistent with the proposed theoretical model. Another index is RMSEA which is equal to 0.07 and is considered as a good value. Other fit indexes also showed that the data obtained from experimental study fit well with the theoretical job satisfaction model. Furthermore, the casual path between all components was significant and they all had positive impact on one another. The analysis of path coefficients suggested that the positive sentiment exogenous variable has the highest effect on self-efficiency and goal attainment support and then on job satisfaction. Accordingly, it was concluded that a job satisfaction socio-cognitive model is an appropriate explanatory model for Iranian teachers’ satisfaction and it can be applied to predict job satisfaction and to develop programs to promote teachers’ psychological well-being and welfare.