مجید حضرتی

Organizing and producing space based on the principle of citizen rights is one of the basic needs in urban planning and design. Urban spaces should have the ability to provide welfare services for all classes with different abilities and weaknesses. The importance of honoring the disabled in the construction and upbringing of society shows the necessity of paying attention to the rights of citizens in the city. The current research, with survey-analytical method, seeks to analyze the theory of citizenship rights in the reproduction of the city space based on the needs of vulnerable groups in Zanjan city. Data collection was done with field and library studies. The statistical population includes 5560 people with disabilities in Zanjan city, of which 359 people were selected by Cochran sampling. Data analysis was done with variance analysis test, partial least square method with SPSS.19, Smart PLS.3 software. The findings showed that the average satisfaction of the citizenship rights index is 2.94. Based on variance analysis, there is a difference between the type of disability and citizenship rights. Because the public spaces of the city are not adapted according to the types of disabilities. The path analysis coefficient for the impact of the right to use urban space on citizenship rights is 0.802 and the impact of the right to participate is 0.824. As a result, city design based on the right to use the urban space and the right to participate strengthens the rights of citizens.

One of the key determinants for the success of urban development plans and programs lies in the coordination among organizations and actors involved in urban development. Centralization or the proliferation of managing organizations and institutions in a city can lead to confusion, resource wastage, and the failure to formulate and execute urban development plans. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to scrutinize the role of activists in urban development projects, particularly in organizing and enhancing physical-spatial development in Region 3 of Zanjan. The data were collected through a combination of field and library studies, with a statistical population selected through the snowball sampling method, totaling 30 individuals. For data analysis, the study utilizes factor analysis tests, structural equation models, and multi-subject-multiplayer models with the assistance of SPSS, Smart PLS, and Mactor software. The findings highlight that indicators such as "favorable urban development pattern" (coefficient: 0.824), "Pollution" (coefficient: 0.833), "Tourism Development" (coefficient: 0.837), and "Strengthening security" (coefficient: 0.829) exhibit the highest relationship and correlation with the preparation and implementation of urban development plans. Furthermore, activists have the most substantial impact on social structure (impact factor: 0.801) and environmental structure (coefficient: 0.592). Notably, the municipality establishes a direct relationship with the Department of Roads and Urban Development and consulting engineers in formulating and executing urban plans, while local institutions and citizens receive relatively less attention.

The prosperity plan and progress of rural systems, in order to develop sustainable rural settlements through the spatial regulation of rural systems in the form of local and regional networks and with an emphasis on rural-urban relations and links, encouraging local governance through popular participation and also strengthening efficient socio-economic relationships of residential units of the system are compiled. With the focus of activating the production cycle in rural areas and creating employment and entrepreneurship, this plan can make the way out of the rural development crisis smoother. The present article, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to analyze the factors influencing the implementation of the prosperity plan and progress of the rural system in the system of the central and Dotepe District of Khodabande County. Data collection was done with library and field studies. The statistical population includes 93,939 residents of Dutpe and Central districts. Due to the specialization of the subject, a statistical population of 30 experts was used with the snowball method. To analyze the data, TODIM model and least square method were used in the form of DPSIR model with the help of Excel and SmartPLS software. The findings of the research showed that the driving force with a score of 0.637 had more impact on the implementation of the prosperity plan and progress of the rural system in the central part and Dotepe district in Khodabande County. In addition, in order to more effectively implement the sustainable development plan of the rural system, structures P1. Organization of jobs related to the function and capacity of villages and cities (0.809); D2. Support of the Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation (0.782); S1. Paying attention to the economic and productive capacities of clusters in system zoning (0.778); and P3. The possibility of following up violations and underperformance through decision-making bodies (provincial and governorate) (0.778) are the most effective.

Today, housing cooperatives with the participation of the private sector and the support of the government, along with rural-urban migrants with different economic bases, play a significant role in the rapid expansion of the physical boundaries of urban settlements.

Research Aime: 

In this research, he investigated and analyzed the role of housing cooperatives in reproducing and organizing the urban space in Zanjan city.

This research is descriptive-analytical in nature. In the descriptive method, data has been collected using library studies and field studies through a questionnaire. The statistical population includes 430,871 citizens of Zanjan. 384 samples were selected by Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed using TODIM multi-criteria decision model and path analysis test and DPSIR model with the help of Excel and SPSS software.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical area of the research includes the city of Zanjan.              

The findings showed that housing cooperatives have played a significant role in the reproduction and organization of urban space in Zanjan with an average of 3.43. Among the influential components of housing cooperative performance, the economic quality component of housing with an average of 3.61 in order to produce physical space in the city and build housing, has been able to organize the performance of economic drivers of housing production in the city. Also, according to the path analysis test, the response component with a direct effect of 0.527 is most related to the reproduction of urban space in the form of housing cooperatives in Zanjan.

The results showed that housing cooperatives are an effective factor in reproducing the atmosphere of Zanjan city. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of cooperatives in reproducing efficient urban space and organizing housing, paying attention to urban regeneration policies; serious follow-up of construction violations and change of use; Determining population capacity and density limit is necessary.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of selected exercises on the motor and social development of children. The current research was a semi-experimental type that was conducted in the field using experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research includes all the third-grade students (10,500 people) of Ahvaz city, of which 40 people were randomly selected (staged cluster) and then randomly assigned to two experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. Then the experimental group performed selected exercises for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week and each session was 45 minutes. Gross motor development test (TGMD-2) by Ulrich (2002) was used to measure basic skills and also Vineland social development scale (1989) was used to measure social development. Independent and dependent t tests were used for data analysis at a significance level of p>0.05. The results obtained from the research showed that there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the development of movement skills (p 0.001, 8.433), manipulation skills (p 0.001, 10.951) and in the development movement (p 0.001, 13.203). Also, the findings showed that there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in social development (p<0.022, 2.469). Based on tese results, it can be concluded that the selected exercises can be used as a suitable program to improve motor and social development of students in the elementary schools.

Land use management is one of the important axes of sustainable development, resource conservation and proper use of resources. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of local managers in land use management and prevent informal land use change in rural areas of Khoramdareh Township. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection has been done using documentary and field studies. The statistical population is the villages of Khoramdareh Township with a population of 12582 people, of which 373 individuals were evaluated by Morgan table sampling method. Regression analysis was used for data analysis using ERDAS and SPSS software. During the study period (1969 to 2013), 1721.6 hectares of land in Khoramdareh Township has undergone land use change. During this period, 176 hectares have been converted to industrial use and 1545 hectares to agricultural use. The satisfaction of the statistical community with the performance of local management in land use management was 0.726; which means that from the statistical community point of view, local management has a direct and high impact on land use management and monitoring of land use change. Among the local management performance indicators, the highest level of satisfaction was with the index of "monitoring rural land use" (β = 0.447) and the lowest level of satisfaction was with the index of "rural economy development (agriculture)" (β = 0.227). In order to have a better land use management, it is necessary to increase supervision, change the use in accordance with the environmental capabilities and prepare the land use cadaster of the region.

Proper housing and bodywork in the villages after the Islamic Revolution has always been the demand of the people and the government's concerns and concerns. A review of the five-year post-revolution development plan confirms this demand and reflects the growing trend and significant increase in housing improvement plans and the improvement of the physical environment in the countryside. This paper uses descriptive-analytic method to evaluate and measure the structure of rural housing in villages located in Zanjan city. Library and field method has been used to collect information. The statistical population includes villages in Zanjan city. Using the Cochran formula, 374 people were selected as samples. To analyze the data, the fittest, compatibility matrix and dependence matrix and future study approach have been used with SPSS and MIC MAC software. The findings of the research show that the indicators of "quality of housing in terms of orientation of buildings and lighting" with 889.52 and "number of rooms in residential unit" with the highest statistics of 9.55 are the most desirable. Also, according to compatibility matrix, the most compatibility is in the components of "quality of housing in terms of building orientation and lighting" with a coefficient of 10.75 and "area of ​​the infrastructure" with a coefficient of 10.6. According to the futuristic approach, the "development pattern", "infrastructure area", and "quality of housing from the point of view" indicators are most strongly associated with other indicators of housing quality. As a result, these three components are effective and decisive for improving housing in the future villages of the city. In order to improve the physical structure of rural housing, choosing rural development strategies appropriate to the environmental and technological capabilities of the village, creating central settlements with appropriate area services and reviewing the distribution of services and infrastructure seems necessary. 

Social security is one of the important elements of the power of civil society and serves as a complement to the survival of natural and human capital in the urban spatial development process, which emphasizes networking, trust and relationships within the community as a major contributor to urban spatial development. It is considered as a key factor in the development of urban socio-spatial development. Through social empowerment, collective organization, voluntary contributions to solving collective or public problems contribute to the social well-being of the community. As social security decreases, the incidence of disease and social anomalies also increases . On the other hand, poverty also reduces social security and, consequently, social health in society. By contrast, the increase in social justice leads to a reduction in class inequality and, as a result, increased social security and increased social security through the establishment of norms for health and the control and monitoring of high-risk behaviors as well as by reducing chronic stress and its negative consequences Will have a great impact on people's health. Considering that extensive studies on social security in urban environments, especially marginalized areas and informal settlements, have been carried out, but little research has been conducted on the impact of public safety on the components of social health, especially in informal settlements. Hence, this research seeks to assess the impact of social security on the social health of inhabitants of informal urban settlements,

Geotechnical studies with a minimum of experiments can prevent from many of the problems caused by drilling such as the cost and blasting enormous in gas pipes. The spatial interpolation methods were developed for these problems with different applications. In most research on interpolation, the data used that the coefficient of variation are low, so in this study we have tried capability mapping interpolation methods for data with the coefficient of variation is relatively high, such as resistance allowed the soil near the fault tested and the impact of clustering method to improve the zoning evaluated. Eram town in Tabriz city selected as a case study because of its proximity to the main fault with nonisotropic data's. For this purpose, in this study, various methods such as kriging, inverse distance weighted, radial basis functions, local polynomial for zoning and cluster analysis with Euclidean distance with minimum variance technique is used. The data used for soil authorized strength of 40 boreholes in the town of Tabriz city. Zoning for the first state is without clustering and second state is with clustering that the whole area is divided into three zones. The result shows clustering approach could improve results and estimates at least 2 percent of estimate and at least 5 percent of root mean square error. The interpolation methods, local polynomial function method is better than other methods.

Dehyary as a public institution or non-governmental, independent legal entity at the request of Rural and license the country Ministry in each village is formed. And aims to improve the development of social, economic, political, cultural and physical environments is. One of the functions of Dehyari, cooperation with the Housing Foundation in the preparation, adoption and implementation of the rural Hadi plan. This article with descriptive-analytic method to analyze the performance of Dehyar on how to preparation and implementation of Hadi plan and supervising the construction after the implementation of Hadi plan focused . The Statistical population, Using Morgan table, 373subjects were selected. For data analysis from goodness of fit test, regression analysis, and factor analysis with SPSS was used. according to goodness of fit of the model, Dehyari performance in plan Hadi is'n desirable. According to Poisson, performance Dehyari the growing and developing. In Regression analysis of correlation between Dehyari performance in development and promotion of Hadi Plan, is0.429, the factor analysis, indicator "Dehyar performance in monitoring the construction implementation after Hadi Plan" with amount(0.25) in explaining the Dehyar performance to advance the objectives of rural Hadi plan. In results, Dehyari's in Hadi plan goals have been moderate performance and acceptable. For improve the performance of Dhyari, Dhyari's established independent, local employment and educated Dehyar, effective collaborationof institutions with Dehyar, and training Dhyari's, seems essential.

countrythroughproperutilizationofresourcesand attractdomestic and foreigninvestment, todevelop it, is possible. Inthis context, tourism isan important part andregeneration, fordomestic and foreigndirectinvestment, to achieve regionaldevelopment. Thus, identificationofpotentialsandlimitations, anddevelopappropriateprograms andstrategiesto overcomeconstraints andenhancethe capabilitiesofeffectivestepsin thedevelopmentofthis industry.

Methodology:

Inthispaper, using two methods of descriptive-analytical andsurvey, possibilitiesandlimitations of Khodabandeh countytourismhas identified. Thus, thestrengths, weaknesses, opportunities andthreatswere identified inthe region, andaccordingly, themajorstrategiesof tourismin thecounty wereanalyzed. Population is 442 persons, that three groups of county residents, tourists, and are experts. Using the sampling method, Cochran and expertism have been selected. Fordata collection, a libraryandfieldmethodshave been used. Also, fordata analysis, techniquesSWOT, Multi- criteria optimization andcompromisesolution (Vikor)andKendall -taucoefficientand SPSS softwarewas used tohelp.

According toanalysisSWOT,20 strength and opportunity, in contrast of 20 weaknesses and threats, as are the capabilities and limitations of regional tourism. Also, 20 differentstrategiesinthe tourism sectorwereidentifiedfor theregion

The resultsshowthatKhodabandehregiondue to thehistorical recordandenjoyfavorable natural conditions, have theability todeveloptourism. But the lack of facilities and services and identify weaknesses in the tourism lovers, Led tostagnationof tourism in theregionwas.

Rural Guide Plan for Structural and functional organizing the rural, according to the distribution meaningful uses the based to the needs, constraints and capabilities of the village done. One of the main objectives of the plan, is land use planning at the village level. With emphasize on necessity Guide plan evaluate, cognition of the level performance of the project in land use planning have high effect in the future physical development of rurals the country.
Research methodin Paper is a descriptive-analytical. Its purpose is to evaluate the performance of plan Guide rural in land use planning and rate realization of the proposed uses in rurals is. Data were collected through field studies and library. The study population included the 24 villages in the Zanjan county. The population Selected village is 6757 person. Using Morgan table, 364 person were selected as simple. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics, goodness of fit tests, probit regression model, GMDH neural network was performed. And The software Excel, R, SPSS, and Matlab was used.
Based on the results in the probit testingfrom among different applications, "residential User" 0. 3496 "street network" 0. 3461 with percapita standard user compliance has. Also, according to the goodness of fit test results are most satisfactory from indicator of "residential User" 87. 7 and "cultural and religious User" 83. 763. And Based on the analysis of neural network index "Passages street network User» 0. 1023 and "residential User" 0. 1296 has improved over the other indices. Therefore, for run optimally plan Guide, and realization of its objectives, the issue of land area and the creation of a monitoring system for realization of different applications to be attention. Obviously, the participation of people in various stages of plan and increase organizational control and supervision over contracting companies in production stages and implementing the plan seems necessary.

The street network as a communication artery, is an important component of rural settlements tissue, and basically, texture is irregular and complex, and rural guide plan to regulate the streets network in the village runs. But, usually in implementing these projects, several problems such as Equal attention to rural and urban street network and benefiting from experiences of urban patterns, disregarding the fields formation and the nature of their performance, low attention to topographic conditions and needs of the people, the lack of cooperation of the public and local institutions and etc. prevent the proper implementation of such projects.
Given that in the planning and design of rural road network in the guide plan, attention to issues such as determining the functional hierarchy of roads, according to the characteristics of each level and attention to environmental and economic and social factors in creating and expanding roads, is important. Essential is evaluation the condition of rural roads network in the villages where has been implemented in it guide plan, to be examined role this plan in the guided and regulating of the rural Lifeline.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: One of the most important structural elements of rural development to support the rural poverty and reducing the vulnerability of rural areas is attention to the physical dimensions of economic, social and human environment in rural areas. In this context, organizing accessibility to services, transport and rural communications is one of the main objectives of rural physical development. The first time, attention to the rural road network and the level of its hierarchy in the national road system in India was conducted in Nagpur region between years 1943 to 1961, and today, China as a global leader of the road expansion and modernization of rural streets network is known. Accommodations have a significant impact on the development of physical-spatial street network, depending on the optimum use of them. Indeed, one of the ways to guide land use and prevent violations of it is improving the rural roads network. Thus, the coefficient optimal use of the road network is dependent on several factors:- Using streets network for traffic of the vehicles
- Streets Network positive effect on reducing transport services and increasing the speed, reliability, and safety
- The use of street network for economic activity and trade
- Expedite in services and aid to others.
In the design and engineering of streets Network in the city inside, suburban and other settlements, streets are placed in four categories: 1. Main street; 2. Street collector; 3. Local minor street; and 4. Entry and access.
About the importance of the streets network in the shaping and organizing rural settlements several theories have been proposed. Most notably, the theory of natural movement and the importance of analyzing the spatial structure of street network, spatial arrangement theory, perspective of functional separation paths (linear model), the theory of interconnectedness.
The research method is descriptive-analytic. For data collection, library and field studies have been used. The study consisted of 24 villages of the Zanjan county in which guide plan has been completed and is assessable. Using the cluster sampling method 10 villages have been selected from 10 districts. Rural population of sample is 11554 people that using Morgan table, a sample of 373 people were selected as statistical sample. To analyze the data from one sample t test, chi-square goodness of fit test (χ2) and kolmogorov - smirnov test (K-S) with the help of SPSS software has been used. Indicators of research include "street network width”, "Pattern making of street network”, "Landscape and architecture of the street network", "street network slope" and "surface and coverage of the street network".
Research findings show that, based on single-sample t test among the rural streets network indicators, component "the materials quality of the street network infrastructure" with the statistic t 091/6 is highly adapted to the street network standards. According to the chi-square goodness of fit test, the greatest satisfaction from index "length and width of street network» (χ2= 889. 52) and the lowest satisfaction from index "level and streets network coverage » (χ2= 21. 667) is. Also, in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test by comparing normal and Poisson distributions, observe card results in the field network indicators status, as well as satisfaction questionnaire statistical population, is non-normal distribution of samples. Also, there is a difference between the normal distribution (N= 2. 324) and Poisson distribution (P= 1. 679). However, the amount of K-S in the Poisson distribution rather than a normal distribution. These factors indicate that the situation of the indicators of research is improving and developing. Also, the average rural streets network in compliance with the standards and satisfy the villagers is equal to 3. 32. This value is average.
According to the findings of quantitative study about the positive impact of guide plan to improve rural streets network and also, according to the results of previous research which showed that the physical plans and development of the rural streets network prevent violations and surface water repelling, and the garbage collector, accelerate the access to services, guide land use and increase the reliability and safety of the traffic in the village. Implementation of Rural guide Plan to improve road network and compliance with standards, as well as increasing rural satisfaction from their performance, increased efficiency of the network in the rural settlements. To improve the situation, increasing local control and organization, confirming the quality of materials by experts, monitoring the Regulatory compliance after implementation, attention to the architecture and aesthetics and safety in the streets network design are essential.

One of the basic needs in the field of rural development is providing social health for villagers to to create appropriate basis to use social, economic and environmental possibilities of the village. So, rural development does not just include economic and agricultural aspects, but includes other aspects of life such as environmental, social, wellbeing and health aspects. Henceforth, dealing with the concept of health and specifically in social dimension, is one of the necessities in rural planning and development in our country, so that -through pathology of rural settlements in this sector, the solutions for social well-being promotion and subsequent development of rural economic, scientific, social, cultural and environmental aspects are provided in these settlements. Thus, the present study aimed to analyse and evaluate the state of social well-being in rural settlements in the county of Zanjan and identify strategies for its development and strengthening in these settlements.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK : Health, including Full Welfare of physical, mental and social. One of the most important aspects health, social well-being. To analyze the social well-being in society, health -Pivot and patient-Pivot approaches are studied. In most studies and social researches, the health-Pivot approach is used. There are also different models in this field, that social well-being model of Keyes, model and Miringof model and quality of life model of the most important models in this regard. Social well-being studies done in rural areas in the form of healthy village approach. Based on this approach, healthy rural is village in which they continually be prepared the optimum conditions, the possibility expanding of cooperation Intersectoral of environmental engender. Hence, in the rural with high social well-being, participation and environmental preservation is a priority than other factors.

This research using descriptive-analytical method, social well-being in rural settlements of Zanjan County is reviewed. In the context, for collecting data from field studies methods and the library is used. The Statistical Society is 258 rural point. And using method of simple cluster sampling, and with the help of province political boundaries from each district were selected randomly 1 village. Thus, 12 rural point were selected as the samples. In the next phase given that the households number of simple rural 12 of about 4213 households is. Using Morgan table, 352 households were selected as samples for the questionnaire distributed. To analyze the data, with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the amount of normal Frequency distribution of experimental and theoretical Frequency was evaluated. Then by using exploratory factor analysis, the main factors to determine the appropriate Pattern of variables were identified. The statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software and Lisrel. Indicators of research based on models and theories indicator Keyes social well-being, social well-being indicators of Miringof and the indicators of quality of life of Malcolm Shukner is set. And for each of the three models separate questionnaire was designed.

The study shows that the social well-being status of rural, based on Keyes model, the amount of social well-being in this rurals is at an average level with an average of 3.32. Also, Based on calculations Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the significant level (P-Value) participation in indicators, prosperity and social cohesion less than P0.05. And the null hypothesis is confirmed. Quality of life model is not in Desirable condition, with a mean of 2.6. Weakness in the index, has a direct refers to the weakness of social and economic infrastructure. In this context, Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test indicates that Economic and health indicators with a significant level of 0.000 (P

One of the basic priorities in rural development is the reduction of inequalities between city and villages and the villagers due to lack of services and facilities will supply their needs through repeated references to urban centers. One of the solutions for rural planners is to develop the services and some urban usages in rural areas including development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) agencies in rural centers, so that about 9721 ICT agencies are working in the villages of the country. Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate the role of ICT agencies in rural area of GharehPoshtlu district of Zanjan city. The research method is descriptive-analytical method and library and filed studies have been used for gathering data. Statistical society includes 9 rural points with 6417 people in GharehPoshtlu district which rural ICT agencies are placed there. The sample size was estimated 95 people by Cochran sampling method. For data analysis and testing the research hypothesis, T single sample test, path analysis model and SPSST, Exel and ARC GIS have been used. In this study, the economical, social, informative and service indicators were considered as in dependant variables and rural development index was considered as dependant variable and the role of rural agencies have been studied in three sections. The study results show that the effect coefficient of ICT agencies and rural communications on service index, informative index and economical index are 17.617, 9.898 and 8.810 respectively and such agencies affect on the development trend of rural areas through promoting the above mentioned indicators. To extend the functions of such agencies in the area, development of scientific, communication, cultural infrastructures and communication between local institutions with ICT agencies is necessary

Today,rural development, close connection withstructuredprocesses, such as processes of social -economic, physical and biologicalenvironment.On the other hand, one of the most importantproblems in thefield ofruraldevelopment, problems ofstructural-functionalisinthesettlements. Some of the problems caused by poverty and under development of local and regional, and some is due to environmental problems. One of the solutions in the field of economic and physical development projects such as the Rural hadi Plan. Rural hadi Plan, as most local and most case plan which are linked directly with the rural and rural communities. The ruralhas been implementedwith the aimof enhancingthe physical. Present study descriptive method-analytical to assess the effects of Hadi plan the Improve the physical dimensions-space the quality of life of rural settlements has of Zanjan province. in thethis context, withuse oflibraryresearchandfield, data collection has taken place. Toanalyzethe datafrom thetablesof descriptive statistics, T-test, and path analysis were used in the this context the software Spss, Ecxel and ARC GIS also contributed taken. Research in dices based on theoretical studies and field research includes physical–space indicators in the form Land Use, Environment, Transport and Housing. The results show that implementation of hadi plan of physical–space indicator have been improved with an average of4. Inthis context, implementation of hadi plan , and a positive relationship with user variables with the value t 15.486,environment with 11.573, housing with7.125, andistransported with 5.234. Alsoeffect oftheseparameterson the quality ofrurallife,respectively forestimate the amountthe total effectof0.893Transport, Environmental0.869, 0.781housing anduseris0.729.Ruralhadi plan to improve performance revising legislation, revising the Locate optimal health applications, administrative, cultural, pay more attention to the condition of the rural road net work and in particular focus on The rural poor housing plan necessary seem.

Rural Guide Plan is part of the region physical plan leading to rural revitalization in terms of social, economic and physical runs. The plan is done with the aim of optimal distribution services as well as providing context to improve the socio-economic development in the rural areas. The aim of this descriptive-analytical study refers to assess the implementation effect of the Guide Plan in conducting socio-economic development and the quality life of rural settlements of Zanjan province. The statistical population of this documentary study is 381persons from villages where the plan was implemented and completed by sing Cochran formula and the error value 0.05 and confidence level of 95%. For analyzing the data t-test and path analysis were used. The research results show that the implemented plan with an average of 3.8 caused improvement in social indicators, but with an average of 2.18 has been little impact in economic indicators. In this context, Health and education variables respectively, with the T statistics 23.427 and 11.286 have maximum impact, and income variables with the T statistics 15.164 and -15.527 have minimal impact from the implementation of Guide Plan. To improve the performance of Rural Guide Plan, review of legislation, having adequate knowledge of villages, strengthening partnerships and special attention to the poor rural seems necessary.

Agricultural cooperatives in the county Khodabandeh decade have seen dramatic expansion in 1370 and 1380. So that until the year 1388, about 340 agricultural cooperatives have been established in this county. However, passive agricultural cooperatives in the Khodabandeh County have risen %10. This shows that, this economic sector in the field of agricultural activities with structural- functional problems is a face. In this paper; using a descriptive-analytical Method, the causes of the increase agricultural cooperatives has been studied. In this context, the required data is collected through field studies and library. Statistical research, including 34 agricultural cooperative disabled with 263 members is. Of these, 93 of whom are random sampling, were selected for the first and second questionnaires. And from 93, 52 of whom are undergraduate sample, the questionnaires were selected as the third and fourth. Also, to explain the data, the Delphi analysis method used is. In this way, to build consensus among members about the subject, in the course of successive questionnaires were distributed along with the feedback control of their severity. The results show that internal problems such as cooperatives, management weaknesses, skills, tastes differ, misplaced expectations of cooperation and some deficiencies in infrastructure of services and planning and policy making by government agencies, the main cause of decline in activity of Cooperatives and they are the result of deactivation. In this context, granting facilities to cooperatives on employment, improving agricultural infrastructure in the villages, providing credit and retail credit for cooperatives, and development of professional and public education for them, the revival of cooperatives will be disabled.

Central District of Khodabandeh is an important agricultural zone of the Khodabandeh County and in the Zanjan province. Studying the role of agricultural cooperatives in economic development as well as identifying its possibilities and limitations can improve the performance of cooperatives and rural development projects. This paper investigates the effects on the development of agricultural cooperatives in the rural economy through SWOT analysis in 2010. Delphi method is used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats the cooperatives face and based on the results an appropriate strategy to improve the performance of cooperatives are presented. Statistical population includes 155 companies with 1,130 members of agricultural cooperatives in rural areas from which 35 Cooperatives and 250 members were randomly selected and 2 questionnaires were filled out in each cooperative. Also 70 questionnaires were distributed among non-member individuals to collect the necessary data. The results show that the cooperative sector of rural economy has the ability to solve problems, but some factors prevent the development of their work which in addition to rural economy stem from structural barriers and weaknesses in national and regional policy making. To improve the performance of cooperatives, Ministry of Cooperatives Cooperatives should increase its range of operations and a comprehensive revision of facilitating and monitoring policies, particularly in rural areas and agriculture, is also necessary.

Patients who continue smoking after coronary artery bypass graft experience more risk. Smoking results in decrease in quality of life and increase depression furthermore of Somatic problem. Unfortunately 50 to 75 percent of patient continues smoking. Smoking cessation is the best way for preventing sudden death and investigating effective way is important، so we decide to evaluate this problem. Level and quality of smoking confirmed by DSM IV- TR. Patient who undergone CABG 2010 enrolled. Fagrshtrom smoking cessation questionnaires completed by patient before and one month after surgery. Patient randomized in two groups. First group used nicotine patch and second group were in control group. Nicotine patch administered in 3 doses 15 milligrams in first week، 10 milligram in 2nd week and 5 milligram for next 2 weeks. Smoking cessation in nicotine group significantly were higher than control group after one month after trial. (35. 71 percent versus 16. 66 percent، P=0. 001) It seems nicotine replacement therapy is valuable way in short term especially in patient with non favorable clinical status. We see some weight gain in some patient and seem it be a valuable way by educating technique.