مجید سرمدی

As a social institution, the Sufism community has special literature and rituals, rites, and rituals that the implementation of these rules and regulations governing in monasteries is necessary and mandatory for the disciples and even elders, and mentors. One of these rites and rituals is event telling. "event" in the term of Sufis and the education system of the monastery and its etiquettes, is a reprimand from a dervish who has made a literary abandon towards a elder or another dervish, and he must admit his mistake and apologize in the presence of an elder. Due to the fact that event can be seen sporadically in poets' poems as well as some Sufi books, and the only reliable sources that deal with this ritual in more detail are the books "urad al-Ahbab and Fuss-ul-Adab" by Abul Al-Makhir Bakhrezi an " The perfect human being is Azizuddin Nasfi", the authors in this essay, relying on these and other mystical texts, have examined and analyzed the customs and rules of "event", which can be mentioned as follows: Not harboring grudges and speaking openly about the offended disciple, telling the event in the presence of the elders and their disciple, The place of the adventure is clean and empty of foreigners, Repentance of the erring disciple, Paying compensation and punishment such as standing in a row of shoes, throwing turbun and doing stripping head and feet by the errant disciple, Throw a party resolved for animosity

AbstractSohrab sepehri, the great contemporary poet, is completely familiar with Islamic ERFAN. The influence of Islamic Erfan on him is obvious in “Shargh-E-Andouh” set. Additionally, his trips to far east temples made him familiar with Buddhism, Zen and their mystical ways; to which he mentions in his book “Blue Room”. Though Islamic mysticism, Buddhism and Zen constitute Sohrab Sepehri’s basis of mysticism; but one should say his mysticism is not a combination of these paths. Rather, Sohrab Sepehri transcends all the three and reaches his unique wisdom. The extremity of Islamic mysticism is reaching the position of observer, those of Buddhism is “samadi” and those of Zen is “Satouri”. The poem of “Vahe-EI-Dar Sokoot” is also reaching intuition. Sepehri in this poem reports his intuition. But his intuition unlike other mentioned sects, rather than being the world of divinity, is in the world of materiality (Nassout), and rather than being in skies, is in the terrain. He is sitting on the terrain, reporting his intuition. Sepehri, like any great poet, resides in his emotional world. The present paper is an analysis of this historical sanctuary, Sepehri's "settlement base"

According to Jung's views on the influence of archetypes on the journey of human individuality, Ms. Carol Pearson presented twelve archetypes of personality and described this journey as three stages of the hero's journey: preparation, travel and return. It turned out that every human being can reach his true self by being on this journey and with the guidance of the twelve archetypes. One of the heartwarming stories in Persian literature is the story of Bahram Gore's behavior in the seven military bodies, which is completely consistent with the three stages of self-knowledge and individuality in Pearson's psychology, which can be introduced as a model for eliminating the contradiction of contemporary human life. Be. In this story, the hero (Bahram) prepares for a mythical journey with the guidance and evolution of archetypes (innocent, orphan, warrior, patron) and with the energy of archetypes (seeker, lover, destroyer, creator) in the utopia of the seven domes, his inner world. Explores and achieves true self, and in return, with the help of archetypes (ruler, sorcerer, sage, looter), transforms the realm of his kingdom and the outside world, and attains enlightenment and salvation

“Home” is a key concept in literal imagination through which different imaginations are formed. Through the image of home in poetry different notions like identity, intimacy, belonging, the spatiality of the being (Heidegger), place seeking of the soul (Bachelard), the unification of psychological entity (Schultz) and the image of Mandala or centralization of unconscious (in Jung psychology) is formed. Home is the birthplace of the most important images which is seen in poetry and prose and is full of romantic perception of the world. This image finds particular perceptions in accordance with every poet's worldview, and the understanding of these images is a crucial path in the understanding of inner world and imagination of every poet. This paper is aims to understand the image and meaning of home to Sohrab Sepehri. Through the classification of his poetry into three different phases, this paper investigates the approach to and understanding of Sohrab from the concept of home through studying and analyzing his poetry and the unfinished book of Blue Room.

Precipitation as one of the most important parameters of meteorology and climate, is basic factor in water resource management. This factor has a direct relation with the regional climate. The accuracy of simulating this parameter is very important due to its wide variation. Observation data at Iran's first synoptic stations from 1330 (1951) is available at the Iranian Meteorological Organization website. Old and long-term temperature and monthly precipitation data in five cities of Iran Including Mashhad, measured by the Embassy of the United States and Britain from the Qajar period (around 1880) and recorded in World Weather records. Unfortunately, these data have missing. Monthly missing data are during World War II (1949-1949) and sporadically during the statistical period. Stations from neighboring countries due to the Parity criterion, solidarity and completeness of data in missing periods selected as base stations. Monthly precipitation of Ashgabat Station from Tajikistan and monthly rainfall of Sarakhs, Kooshkah, Bayram Ali, Kerki and Repetek from Turkmenistan were selected as independent variable in the making of Missing Rainfall in Mashhad. Three factors of distance to Mashhad station, correlation and existence of data in missing months were effective in selecting these stations. This research has fitted ten multiple regression models to monthly rainfall of Mashhad station and then the parameters of these patterns are optimized by genetic and Ant Colony algorithm. In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships among variables. It includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables (or 'predictors'). Genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems by relying on bio-inspired operators such as mutation, crossover and selection. Ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is probabilistic technique for solving computational problems which can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs. This algorithm is a member of the ant colony algorithms family, in swarm intelligence methods, and it constitutes some metaheuristic optimizations. The repair of the monthly precipitation of Mashhad with these stations has been done with ten regression linear, semi-logarithmic and logarithmic regression models as follows. This was done with programming in the R-Studio environment. The parameters of the five selected patterns were optimized by evolutionary methods (genetic algorithm and anion colony algorithm). Simulation of these methods has been done with the help of MATLAB software 2017. The results showed that the genetic algorithm and Ant Colony methods Ratio of regression methods , dramatically increase the accuracy of estimating missing rain data. The lowest RMSE regression pattern is 9.79, which is optimized by genetic algorithm to 2.66 and by Ant Colony algorithm to 2.659. Precipitation as one of the most important parameters of meteorology and climate, is basic factor in water resource management. This factor has a direct relation with the regional climate. The accuracy of simulating this parameter is very important due to its wide variation. Observation data at Iran's first synoptic stations from 1330 (1951) is available at the Iranian Meteorological Organization website. Old and long-term temperature and monthly precipitation data in five cities of Iran Including Mashhad, measured by the Embassy of the United States and Britain from the Qajar period (around 1880) and recorded in World Weather records. Unfortunately, these data have missing. Monthly missing data are during World War II (1949-1949) and sporadically during the statistical period. Stations from neighboring countries due to the Parity criterion, solidarity and completeness of data in missing periods selected as base stations. Monthly precipitation of Ashgabat Station from Tajikistan and monthly rainfall of Sarakhs, Kooshkah, Bayram Ali, Kerki and Repetek from Turkmenistan were selected as independent variable in the making of Missing Rainfall in Mashhad. Three factors of distance to Mashhad station, correlation and existence of data in missing months were effective in selecting these stations. This research has fitted ten multiple regression models to monthly rainfall of Mashhad station and then the parameters of these patterns are optimized by genetic and Ant Colony algorithm. In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships among variables. It includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables (or 'predictors'). Genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems by relying on bio-inspired operators such as mutation, crossover and selection. Ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is probabilistic technique for solving computational problems which can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs. This algorithm is a member of the ant colony algorithms family, in swarm intelligence methods, and it constitutes some metaheuristic optimizations. The repair of the monthly precipitation of Mashhad with these stations has been done with ten regression linear, semi-logarithmic and logarithmic regression models as follows. This was done with programming in the R-Studio environment. The parameters of the five selected patterns were optimized by evolutionary methods (genetic algorithm and anion colony algorithm). Simulation of these methods has been done with the help of MATLAB software 2017. The results showed that the genetic algorithm and Ant Colony methods Ratio of regression methods , dramatically increase the accuracy of estimating missing rain data. The lowest RMSE regression pattern is 9.79, which is optimized by genetic algorithm to 2.66 and by Ant Colony algorithm to 2.659.

Language products are a function of a complex process, in which many sign-semantic factors are involved. One of the dimensions of the sign-semantics is the tension process. In the tension process, between sign-semantic elements, there is a relationship that fluctuates from the bolder.This process drives discourse into a kind of value system and confronts us with the generated meaning. The question of research is how are the sign-semantics factors creating the process of the formation of meaning in the narrative of Iraj's verse? And is it possible to find an open and fluid reading through the tension squared effect? The purpose of this study was to investigate the general structure of Iraj's verse narrative and to explain the discursive factors, semantic and tension squares, effective verbs in the narrative process, and the place and meaning of meaning in the above effect. The present article reviews the narrative narratives of Iraj in order to explain the discursive factors, semantic and tensile squares, effective verbs in the narrative process, and the place and meaning of meaning in the above work. In this narrative, meaning has been formed both through action and passiveness. The process of moving actor here has led to the production of mythical, ideal and moral values. Iraj is an idealist who is going to visit his brothers in the way of protecting his brotherhood, without any belonging to power, and without any armies and war tools and sacrificed for his cause. In other words, young prince reduces the scope of his material life so that the breadth of his spiritual life is vast and overwhelming.

Taskin is one of authority of poesy, in which he can use a long syllable ýinstead of two short syllables, but taskin inverse choice (the two short ýsyllables instead of one long syllable) is not true, in terms of prosody ýresearchers. however, in the poetry of the old and more recent periods, ýpoetry is seen where taskin inverse choice have been usedþ.þ
taskin inverse, although apparently in imitation of Arabic poetry ýý(transformation a Mafaeelon to Mafaelaton) but often are used in revolving ýmeters (dawri) that specific for Persian poetry and through vav (o) e gheyr e ýdawri, with transformation a long syllable center hemistich into two short ýsyllables, the meters of “ouble Mafoul o Faelaton” has changed to the ýý“Mafoul Faelat o Mafaeel o Faelaton” that as history in the lyrics of Moezzi, ýAttar and Awhadi and especially Khaghani, and also this option of meters ýHazaj e Akhrab”Double Mafoul o Faelaton” is evident in the poems of ýKhaghani & Ghavvami. Taskin inverse choice some times has applied to ýelements of Mafaylon and Mafolon and change this elements to Mafaelaton ýand Moftaelon that is used in poetry of Molavi and Hazin Lahiji.ý
This paper concludes by examining the various poetical works that:ý
For distinguishing whether or not the dawri of the poetries that has mixed ýmeters with dawri and nonþ Ü þdawri is relying on the couplets dominant ýmeter, First, we recognize original meter if the original meter was nonþ Ü þdawri should applied dawri for other couplets, and this is the result of ýTaskin choice usage. This blending in Mozare e Akhrab verb root meter, ýobserved in the poems of Anvari, Khaghani, Athir and Seyf, that by use of ýTaskin in the middle of some nonþ Ü þdawri verses with meters “Mafoul o ýFaelat o Mafaeel o Faelaton” changed their meter to dawri “Double Mafoul ýo Faelaton”. This subject is more fancy than musical. But if the original ýmeter was non-dawri, should verses meter that are dawri the result of ýTaskin choice usage.ý
Sometimes, poets by using Taskin inverse choice in the middle of some ýdawri verses, and cause them to become non-dawri, and have been ýcombining two meters in a poem. The musical fancy in Hazaj e Akhrab ýmeter “Double Mafoul o Mafaeelon” is evident in Khaghani & Ghavvami’s ýlyrics and also has seen in the Mozar e Akhrab verb root meter “Double ýMafoul o Faelaton” in poetry of Moezzi, Attar and Awhadi and above all in ýKhaghani’s poetry. Taskin inverse choice is more evident in Khorasani style ýpoetry and in odes more yield from the non-dawri “vav” (o) that can be ýremoved “vav” (o) which became a fancy and writing, changed the meter to ýdawri for more melodious. In that case, the reduced heavy meter and meters ýof both lines was dawri. In sonnets more, the word of the middle verses that ýconnects the last syllable of the second pillar to the first syllable of the third ýpillar. Thus Manipulation hypothesis scribes, the “vav” (o) in the middle of ýthe hemistich, is null at least in these sonnets.ý
Taskin inverse choice or to follow the Arab prosody or unconsciously, are ýused in Mafaeelon element in Mawlawī poetry and in poetry Mafoulon ýpillar doleful and some contemporary poets. This choice in pillar is ýpermissible under two conditions: first, that it does not become irregular ýpillar, but to become the same pillar. Such as: Mafaeelon to Mafaelaton or ýMafoulon to Moftaelon. Second, it was not be in place rhyming because ýmay changed rhyme syllables. Taskin is also for the same reason, should ýnot occur in the rhyme syllable and if does, he should be upheld in all verses ýcouple.ý
By accepting the fact that “Mostafel o Mostafel o Mostafal o Fa” is the ýoriginal meters of quatrain, the problem of Taskin inverse choice is canceled ýin quatrain meter

For aesthetic purposes such as the impact of words on the audience, creation of style, musicalizing and accentuating speech, writers have benefited from a variety of linguistic possibilities such as “Paratactic Structures”. In the books "Nafathat-ol-Masdūr " and "Al-Tavassol Ela al-Tarassol”, which are considered technical texts, in which Quranic ayahs are frequent, written in the sixth and the seventh centuries, the authors, through mastering the Quran and its structural and conceptual system, coordinated ayahs with their own texts. In constructions with two or multiple structures, this coordination is linked with one of the coordinating conjunctions and is formed in the layers whose structures have similar "syntactic, rhetorical and phonetic" values. Coordinating structures with syntactic values have been applied in grammatical functions such as genitive, accusative, predicate. They are also used in compound sentences having explanatory dependent, accusative, and complementary functions. In rhetorical functions, coordinating structures have used figures of speech such as internal rhythm, crossed rhyme, internal line balance, oxymoron, confrontation, metaphor, simile, and musical system. In phonetic functions, coordinating structures with inducible and sound-meaning voices in the structures of both books have created the capacity for pleasant reading. In the present study, these roles in the common structures of text and ayahs in both books were examined. Semantic relationships of structures that could convey the messages of ayahs and texts to the audience, were analyzed in a variety of relationships such as synonymy, increase, contrast, sequence, emphasis, negation, etc.

Iran is an ancient civilized country. A search in its epic literature with venerable motifs and myths can lead us to trace back the track of many social phenomena of old-time societies in Iran, and so to claim this country to have been a community, especially one the members of which had had identity and their nationalism had always supported it. The literature produced in a community will fully reflect the ideas and introspections rooted in its social conditions. Revolution, as a social phenomenon and in its modern concept rather than uprising or rebellion, has been manifested in the story of Zahhak. This story of Zahhak and Kava is a mythical narration, and while the myths are so old that no social data could be found for them, then considering the social phenomena in Persian literary texts it can be concluded that revolution is as old as the ancient Iranian community. The present paper studies Kava’s fighting against Zahhak based on Lucien Goldmann’s theory of “Genetic Structuralism” in order to conclude that the social phenomenon of revolution had been chronicled in Iran before any other community

anedote and story is the most subject in narratologies analysis. in narratology we collection different theories to survey various dimention of story.
in this reaserch we used from the famous and well known narratologiest's opinion like ' todorv, propp, greimas, bermon, genette , barthe's and etc to survey the story in viewpoint of love and its position.
in mystic texts the first and the most important thing is cognition of love.at first we separatly analysis the story and then survey viewpiont of love.
in ' sadr jahan' story which is one of the most validity and one of the deepest in masnawi's narratives , love has basic and important position , therefore we tried to survey the power of mollana's narratology.
in this resaerch the writer tried to use from famous narratologies votes and opinions to find new view point of mollana's personality and his poly narratology to this mist story.

Length-biased data are widely seen in applications. They are mostly applicable in epidemiological studies or survival analysis in medical researches. Here we aim to propose a Berry-Esseen type bound for the kernel density estimator of this kind of data.The rate of normal convergence in the proposed Berry-Esseen type theorem is shown to be O(n^(-1/6)) modulo logarithmic term as n tends to infinity by a proper choice of the bandwidth.The results of a simulation study is also presented in this paper inorder to examine the performance of the result.

Archetypal criticism is among the modern theories of literary criticism and is based on psychological criticism established on the basis of theories of Carl Jung. In this type of criticism، in addition to the study of، and investigation into، the archetypes of a piece of work، the way they are attracted by the poet or writer''s psyche is displayed. Archetypes، which are the result of recurring experiences of man during his life and are deposited in his unconscious، have been studied and analyzed from different angles and dimensions. Based on these studies، to reach perfection and individual dream، the journey of the hero is materialized by relying on the presence of archetypes in any individual''s life. The aim of this article is to examine the novel Shazdeh Ehtejab (''The Prince Ehtejab'') written by Houshang Golshiri from the point of view of archetypal criticism and by relying on the thoughts of Carl Pearson and Hugh Marr and on the basis of the twelve archetypes in Awakening the Heroes Within. The authors attempt to briefly introduce these archetypes and then indicate that the story characters such as the sage can take steps in the process of individualization by representing these archetypes and initiate the hero''s journey. The results of this study show that the novel Shazdeh Ehtejab is replete with archetypes، and due to its psychological approach، can be analyzed on the basis of archetypal theories. By representing nine archetypes، Shazdeh Ehtejab adopts the separation process، and the other characters in the story play the role of the caregiver on the initiation path for him.

The function of the verses of the Holy Quran in most of the ancient texts is outstanding. Nafsah al masdoor, the valuable work of Shahabeddin Mohammed Zidari nasavi, which is among the prominent works of Affected (Masnu') prose, has been affected by this Divine Book impressively by benefiting from types of conventional methods of borrowing, testimony, allegory, interpretation, translation, quoting.The main area of discussion in this study is the concentration on conceptual and structural application of verses in this book and species composed of ten elements and their applications according to author's taste, so that it is indicative of his particular mastery and the learned office clerks in the period of full of tension of Mongol and Tatars.

Story is the representation of human life where the reader attempts to find his or her whereabouts, to reach it, and to flee from it. Story has a rich number of codes and once they are unfolded, their interpretation would be of great significance for interpreting human life. Once any embedded code is taught, its richness is extended. In this article we try to encode the story of the King and the Bondmaid of Masnavi Ma’navi. Our objective is to reveal the form and content of the story taking the structural model as well as pursuing an educational goal. It is argued that the description of the different scenes of the story, and a closer look at the bitter and yet sweet psychological taste of the story will indisputably add something to the readers’ impression and insight. In general, this study is new in its approach and we hope to provide a novel, satisfying article for scholars and researchers.

Archetype criticism is one of the modern literal theories based on psychological review which has been based on Jung ideas. In this type of criticism، while studying and examining the archetype of a work، it is revealed how they are understood by poem and author. Archetypes which are the products of repeated experiences of human life and have been deposited in the subconscious have been analyzed and examined from different angles and dimensions. Based on these studies، heroic journey is possible in order to achieve the perfection and individuality dream relying on the existence of archetypes in everybody’s life. The present article is aimed to review Boof-e-koor by Sadegh Hedayat from the perspective of archetypal criticism relying on the fundamentals of intellectual basis of Carol Pearson and Hio. K. Marr based on 12 archetypes of awakening the heroes within. The authors try to introduce these archetypes briefly and also show the fictional characters، just like Hoshivar’s characters، manifesting these archetypes، could follow individuation and take heroic journey. The results show that Boof-e-koor is full of archetypes and due to its psychological approach، can be analyzed based on archetypal theories. Reincarnating9 archetypes، Boof-e-koor takes individuation and the fictional characters act as the breeders on initiation.

The stream of consciousness was first introduced to literature from psychology. Social situation, philosophical thoughts and psychologists influences and mental condition of authors cause some of the novelists tend to this narrative devise in the 20th century. Since this technique tends to reflect the stream of consciousness of the narrator / character, it is associated with conscious and unconscious mind and essentially it is the reflection of the mind that creates stream of consciousness narratives like confusion of time, inner reflection, indiscreet and blunt statement, inner monologue and poetic dialogues. This research aims at investigating Nafsatol Masdoor to find traces of stream of consciousness. Also, reviewing the  characteristics  of  this  technique  seems  necessary before studying the case.

Molla Taheri Naiini’s Divan is one of manuscript treasures the unique copy of which was endowed by the late Mohammad Nakhjavani to the Central Library of Tabriz. Taheri, a poet from the Safavid period, was a contemporary of Shah Abbas I. With the characteristics of his mode of expression and thought in mind, one can conclude that he was a follower of the Iraqi Style. Taheri Naiini may be regarded as the greatest emulator of Hafez, as out of his 252 ghazals 190 imitate those of Khwaje Hafiz’s. The most common meter used in his ghazals is also Hafiz’s most favourite one in his lyrics. The two poets have a number of key words - like rind, sheikh, pir-e moghan and va’iz - in common. Taheri has taken interest in and utilized certain aesthetic features of Hafiz; such as multi-facetedness of his ghazals, using mysticism, love, social satire etc in the same ghazal, as well as paradoxes, and social criticism. His employment of novel descriptions and word combinations, his poetic taste and imagination, and the ability to combine thought and imagination all reveal that Taheri is a poet worthy of attention, and deserves to be fully introduced, both him and his Divan.

In order to discover the rhetorical techniques of a text, it is necessary to consider the shortcomings of traditional rhetorical studies such asthe combination of rhetoric with other sciences and with figurative language. It should also be noted that the theoretical and practical framework of Persian rhetoric is achieved through search in the literary masterpieces of this language. None of the books written on rhetoric is devoted wholly to Persian language.Regarding the basis of rhetoric −the appropriateness of speechand theconditions of the time − and reflecting upon the rhetorical mysteries of parts of Persian literary texts, issues such as integrity, apostrophe, exaggeration, dialog and tone in the domain of rhetoric are presented and it is concluded that the sources of rhetoric as a science in any language are the literary masterpieces of that language.

During the Timurids dynasty, the Indian subcontinent was the cradle of nurturing the Persian poets. At that time, a group of the Iranian poets moved to that territory, settled down and passed away there. The reputation of some is widespread, but some are less known. One of these eloquent poets is Toqra-ye-Mashhadi, who is unfortunately almost unknown among people.He was a very talented Indian style poet in the 11th Century A.H. who traveled to India during the monarchy of Shah Jahan and was an attendant of Prince Moradbakhsh. He spent his final days in Kashmir where he passed away and was buried. He was an expert in poetry and prose and used many Indian words in his works. Toqra was a theme-creating poet; however, in spite of his ambitions, he did not reach his deserved position. In the present study, we are trying to introduce Toqra and his works, in particular, the manuscript of his divan, paying attention to Toqra’s two manuscripts and also his relationship with the Indian subcontinent. The method of the study is thematic and the purpose is to provide help for more knowledge on the Indian style and on a period of the history and culture of the Indian subcontinent.