محسن شاکری

The main goal of the current research was to analyze the problem of private tutoring and the associated challenges in Yazd. The research also expands the theoretical perspectives on private tutoring. The findings of this research can be beneficial for teachers, educational institution planners, parents, and students in practical applications.

The research methodology employed in this study was qualitative and based on Grounded Theory principles. The target group was the parents of students who applied for private tutoring in the academic year of 2001-2001 in Yazd. Using the purposeful sampling method, 12 parents participated in the research. Sampling continued until the theoretical data saturation stage. The research tool was semi-structured in-depth interview. The data was analyzed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) open, axial and selective coding method. In order to ensure the accuracy of the findings, based on "Triangulation" techniques, matching by members, peer review, collaborative research, and researcher rethinking were used.

Finally, 29 sub-categories were classified in the form of 6 components of the systematic grounded theory. Causal factors with 5 subcategories, background factors with 5 subcategories, intervening factors with 5 subcategories, positive consequences with (5) subcategories and negative consequences with (9) subcategories and (1) central phenomenon were identified. The results indicated various favorable outcomes, including enhanced student performance in examinations, improved results in entrance assessments, better overall test performance, job opportunities for special educators leading to increased income, and the alleviation of educational deficiencies through compensatory actions. Various strategies have been proposed to address the challenges and negative impacts associated with the prevalent practice of private tutoring among families and students. These strategies encompass a range of approaches, including conducting private tutoring sessions at home or within school premises, offering private counseling services, integrating private tutoring with formal educational programs, addressing issues and assessments within educational institutions, improving the quality of education in mainstream schools to tackle deficiencies, reducing the societal emphasis on entrance examinations, guiding students towards technical fields, and increasing oversight of educational activities in such contexts. The adverse effects of private tutoring include limitations on creativity and critical thinking, neglect of skill development and vocational training, commercialization and elitism in education (in conflict with the principles of inclusive education), psychological and physical harm to students leading to anxiety, stress, and depression, perpetuation of social stratification, and maintenance of educational inequalities.

Research findings indicate that various internal and external factors contribute to the development of private tutoring, influencing both its supply and demand. It is recommended to study this phenomenon from diverse viewpoints to guide micro and macro-level decision-making and policy formulation for efficient administration.

At the same time as the start of Corona and the change in the way of education, the media became more accessible to students and unintentionally exposed them to all kinds of media harm. Because the media acts like a double-edged sword, there is damage on one side and growth on the other, and this highlights the need to pay attention to media literacy education among members of the community, especially students. In this regard, this article examined the lived experiences of ten fifth and sixth grade girls in Yazd province who were selected by purposive sampling method using phenomenological approach and data analyzed with Smith three-step method. The tool of this research was semi-structured interview. The findings showed the two main themes of "familiarity and awareness of working with the media" and "avoidance of harm", each of which has 6 sub-categories. At the level of familiarity and awareness of working with the media, the importance of 1- learning to work with the media, 2- recognizing accuracy and usefulness, 3- maintaining security, 4- purposefulness, 5- time management, 6- trust and choosing the media as a sub-theme were identified. At the level of avoiding harms, 6 sub-themes: 1- Do not spread lies, 2- Avoiding unknown and ugly audience, 3- Physical effects, 4- Psychological effects, 5- Pretending, 6- Moral harms, were extracted from the interviews.

The present article aims at presenting a model for explaining relationship between industry and University in the view of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic revolution. Due to the inadequacy of the presented models in the literature for explaining the relationship between industry and University and obtaining data tailored to the field of study, the qualitative method of grounded theory was used. This theory explains a process, an action, or an interaction on a large scale. This is an inductive and explorative method that allows researchers in various fields to make their own theory by comparing observations, rather than relying on existing theories. The date gathered through the text of the statement by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic revolution in a meeting whit university students and professors available on his site. By categorizing the concepts, sub-categories and the finding of the core category, using the open, axial and selective codification of the relationship between industry and University's forming categories and the relations between them, emerged in the form of a paradigmatic model that included the causal conditions (8 categories), the environmental conditions (1 categories). contextual conditions (4 categories), the core category (Meeting the basic needs of the country), the strategy (1 categories) and the consequences (4 categories).

One of the most important stages in human development is adolescence; the period when a person goes through childhood and encounters new plans and responsibilities in the family and society. One of the most critical adolescent issues is adolescents' mental health and well-being. Various research studies have shown that psychological well-being is necessary for many successes and advances of individuals. It should be noted that many factors can increase or decrease psychological well-being; knowing them can be used to help adolescents improve psychological well-being. Various studies have shown that social support is one of the variables that play an important role in well-being. Gratitude is one of the factors that can probably act as a mediator in the impact of social support on people's well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of social support in the well-being of high school students in Ashkezar with the mediating role of gratitude. 

This study was a correlational one (structural equation modeling). The population of this study included all male and female high school students in Ashkezar in the academic year of 2020-2021. A sample of 274 students was selected from the study population by convenient sampling. The research data were collected through Zimment et al.'s Social Support Questionnaire, Morgan et al.'s Gratitude Questionnaire, and Reef's Psychological Well-Being Scale. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using Amos-24 software. A bootstrap test was also used to check the indirect effects and mediating roles. Finally, various fitness indices were applied to check the consistency between the data and the conceptual framework. 

Regarding direct effects, the results showed that social support has a positive and significant effect on gratitude (β = 0.73) and psychological well-being (β = 0.63). The results also showed that gratitude positively and significantly affects psychological well-being (β = 0.42). The results of the bootstrap test also showed that in the relationship between social support and psychological well-being, the variable of gratitude could play a mediating role. Finally, the results showed that the proposed model has good fitness.

In sum, according to the research findings, it can be concluded that families and community officials can provide the environment to improve adolescents' mental health by delivering appropriate supportive environments. Also, proper conditions can promote adolescents' psychological well-being by teaching gratitude to adolescents. The results have been discussed in more detail using theoretical bases in the paper.

Human sciences have a vital role for society and its progress. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to design a process model for the transformation and promotion of humanities in the university from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The approach of qualitative research and its method was grounded theory. The study data were collected and analyzed from 34 speeches of the Supreme Leader among students, elites, researchers, scholars and professors of the seminary and universities from 1979 to 1997, which are available on his dedicated website. The method of data analysis was coding and categorization, which was done in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. To ensure the validity of the research, strategies of peer review, participatory and researcher reflectivity were used. The results showed that the "core category" includes the "localization and Islamization of the humanities." Also, the most important "causal conditions" included: self-confidence and redoubled effort, learning without imitating Western science and avoiding being a student, support and investment, needs assessment and careful planning of humanities, and criticism, liberalism, and theorizing. In addition, "contextual conditions" included the nature of the humanities, the status of the humanities, appropriate acceleration, the competence of individuals to bring about change, and "environmental conditions" included Western worldview, Islamic worldview, and Western stoning. . "Strategies" also included balancing the export and import of science. The "consequences" represented social reform, Islamic civilization, and the discourse of science production.

In this research, for complicated rectangular parts such as oil and gas tanks, and using hydroforming, forming of three geometries of simple, middle-step and the side-step, rectangular cups were investigated, and by examining the effect of geometrical parameters such as pressure, punch radius, and height, change in the initial shape of the sheet and the filling at different heights are compared. Moreover, by performing optimization and increasing the maximum pressure in middle-stepped and side-stepped cups to 30 and 40 MPa, the maximum filling can be increased by 8 and 12%, respectively. Also, by changing the height and drawing ratio in the stepped parts, the optimal shape of the initial sheet changes for conforming the curve of the formed sheet and the modified target contour. This change is variable for the coordinates of the node in the transverse wall, longitudinal wall, and corner radius of the optimal initial sheet.

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between school climate and work-life balance of primary education teachers mediated by the role of job stress.The method of this basic research was correlation and more precisely structural equation modeling. The research population included all the teachers of primary schools (girls and boys) in Yazd city in 2020-21, numbering 1759 people. 317 teachers from the study population were selected by available sampling method. The research instruments were Pashiardis School climate Questionnaire (2011), Kyriacou & Sutcliffe Stress Questionnaire (1976) and Wang & Ko Work-Life Balance Questionnaire (2009). Data analysis was performed using Amos 24 software.Findings showed that the school climate negatively and significantly predicts job stress (β = -0.42) and positively and significantly predicts work-life balance (β = 0.54). The results also showed that job stress negatively and significantly predicts work-life balance (β = -0.42) in primary school teachers. The results of the bootstrap test showed that the job stress variable plays a mediating role in the relationship between school climate and work-life balance. Finally, the study of fitting indices showed that the proposed research model is confirmed through experimental data. Therefore, by improving the various dimensions of the school climate, it is possible to reduce the job stress of teachers and ultimately increase the work-life balance in this segment of society. In this way, it increased job satisfaction and improved job performance.

The purpose of this study was to study the process of eliminating the national entrance examination in Iran and to present a model based on Grounded theory.

The research approach was qualitative using grounded theory. The in-depth interview tool was semi-structured. The study population was all education specialists and higher education experts. The purposive sampling method was theoretical and ended with 16 interviews with theoretical saturation criteria. The data analysis process was performed using open, axial and selective coding methods and Lincoln and Guba methods were used to evaluate the validity and reliability.

Findings showed that the central category is the necessity and complexity of eliminating the entrance exam and other categories in five categories: causal conditions (2 categories), environmental intervention conditions (2 categories), contextual characteristics (3 categories), strategies (2 categories) and consequences (2 categories) were categorized.

According to the results of the research, it can be acknowledged that in relation to the issue of eliminating the entrance exam on the other handIssues such as unhealthy competition and psychological issues and the shifting of educational goals have created a sense of necessity of elimination, and on the other hand, issues such as high demand for access to higher education have complicated the elimination process.

The aim of this study was to investigating the mediating role of character strengths and virtues in the relationship between gender and positive and negative excitements of elementary teachers in the classroom. The present study was a fundamental research that falls into the category of descriptive research and more precisely correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of this study included all primary school teachers in the academic year 2020-21 in Ashkzar city, numbering 207 people; all the people were selected using the total number method. The Peterson and Seligman (2004) Character Strengths and Virtues Questionnaire and the Villainscience (2010) Teaching Excitements Questionnaire were used to collect research data. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software at both descriptive and inferential levels. The results of structural equation modeling showed that gender positively and significantly (β = 0.55) predicts character strengths and virtues. The findings also showed that character strengths and virtues positively and significantly (β = 0.31) predict positive teaching excitements and negatively and significantly predict negative teaching excitements (β = -0.43). Examination of model fit indices also showed that the final research model has a good fit. Therefore, it can be concluded that by strengthening the character strengths and virtues of elementary teachers, the experience of positive excitements in teaching can be increased to some extent and the experience of negative excitements can be reduced.

The present article sought to study the effectiveness of skill training of female trainees of Nain technical and vocational center based on grounded theory. Study data were collected through purposeful theoretical interviews with 14 trainees, managers and instructors of Nain Technical and Vocational Center until theoretical saturation. Data were analyzed by "coding" and "categorization" in three levels of open, axial and selective coding. To determine the validity of the data, the "simulation" method was used in the form of adaptation strategies by the participants and the review of qualitative research experts. The results showed that the "core category" included "the status, importance and quality of women's skills". Also, "causal conditions" include the challenge of planning, attention to role of women in society, attention to the interest, motivation and morale of women and the professionalism of coaches; "contextual conditions" include facilities, equipment and technology, structure and management of technical training, finance of skills training, family environment and economy, and rules and regulations; "Environmental conditions" include cultural, social, political, policy-making, and economic factors; "Strategies" include publicity and awareness, communication and leveraging domestic and international experience, counseling and guidance and talent search, family and government support; consequences included individual and organizational development, women's employment and entrepreneurship, the well-being of the family and society, and the promotion of women's social status.

The present study aimed to design a model for attracting young people in Yazd to technical and vocational education based on Grounded theory. The research approach, qualitative and research method, “Grounded theory” was selected; And from the existing approaches, the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was chosen. The target group included professors, staff and trainers in the field of technical and vocational education. Participants were selected using “theoretical sampling” method. The research tool was “semi-structured indepth interview”. Up to 12 interviews were conducted and theoretical saturation was obtained. The data analysis method was performed in the form of “coding” and “categorization” and the data were analyzed in three levels of open, axial and selective coding. The “triangulation” method was used to determine the validity of the data. The results of this study showed that the Core category was the status of technical and vocational training; also, the causal conditions include: the quality of providing technical and professional training, and support; Strategies include: acceptance and absorption; Contextual conditions include: hardware-financial contexts, and legal-human contexts; Intervening environmental conditions include: economic, technological and policy conditions, and consequences include: individual-organizational consequences, and social consequences. The results showed that according to the characteristics and conditions of the city of Yazd, the obtained findings can draw the phenomenon of attracting young people to technical and professional education in the form of a comprehensive model.

The present paper seeks to study the pathology of In-Service training system of human resources for department of road maintenance and transportation of Yazd Province based on grounded theory. In order to explain the inadequacy of the models presented in the existing literature to explain the in-service training system vulnerabilities and to obtain data appropriate to the field under study, the qualitative method of the Grounded theory was used. The study population was all employees of department of road maintenance and transportation of Yazd Province who had participated in training courses in 2017-2019. Participants were selected using "theoretical sampling" method. The research tool was "semi-structured in-depth interview". Interviews were conducted with 13 staff of Department of Road Maintenance and Transportation of Yazd Province and theoretical saturation was obtained. The data analysis method was performed in the form of "coding" and "categorization" and the data were analyzed in three levels of open, axial and selective coding. The "triangulation" method was used to determine the validity of the data. In this regard, the opinion of some qualitative researchers such as professors of educational sciences, as well as participants in the research was used. Finally, 18 final categories were obtained under the six dimensions of grounded theory. Findings showed that the core category of this research is the effectiveness of training (specialized, applied and purposeful training). Also, the most important causal conditions included: professionalism of managers and professors, use of successful national and international models, needs assessment and effective evaluation, appropriate content and method of training, and decentralization and independence in decision making. In addition, hardware contexts, and financial and software contexts were the most important contextual conditions. Environmental intervention conditions also included: planning-policy, economic and technology environment. Strategies also determined the motivation to participate in training and participation. Finally, the consequences of individual and organizational development were identified. As a result, it can be acknowledged that the harms of training of department of road maintenance and transportation of Yazd Province are rooted in the effectiveness of training and various environmental and contextual factors are involved in it, and therefore a comprehensive effort is necessary to achieve its desired consequences.

Nowadays, Academic dishonesty is one of the issues that has plagued the educational system. The scope of this phenomenon ranged from purchasing an essay, plagiarizing content, fudging laboratory results, falsification, duplication, misusing credit, asking for a deadline extension by citing a bogus excuse, to cheating on the exam session and impersonating another to take a test. It is evident that continuing this process will challenge the reliability of the academic system's performance and has long-term effects not only on the individual, but also on the entire community. Method The purpose of this research was to study the causes and dimensions phenomenon of academic dishonesty in students. A qualitative approach and grounded theory method was adopted in the study, considering the nature of the subject. The target population of the research were all students of Yazd University in the academic year of 1397-98. The sampling method was purposive and theoretical with maximum variation and sustained up to data saturation. Data were collected from 16 students through in-depth semi-structured interview. The obtained results were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s open, axial and selective coding methods. Results The results of the investigations that fall into six dimensions of the model include: main phenomenon (performance goal orientation), causes (7 categories), environmental conditions (3 categories), contextual features (4 categories), strategy (3 categories) and outcome (1 categories). Functional goal orientation was recognized as the main phenomenon with three categories including “competition”, “score and degree dependency” and “science learning and service delivery”. The research tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. Interviews continued until theoretical saturation. The research results showed that the applicability of lessons, individual characteristics, educational background, time limit and weight of lessons, student admission policies, professors' professionalism, and family pressure, has cause the formation of the central category of “performance goal orientation”. Also, contextual features (such as physical conditions, classroom and university atmosphere, technology, and monitoring and dealing) and environmental conditions (cultural-social environment, political environment, and the policy environment), have provide the context of rise students` unethical reactions such as cheating in exam, dishonesty to do homework, scientific theft and dishonesty in research, which have resulted disruption in individual development, social development, and academic development. In conclusion, it can be acknowledged that the phenomenon of academic dishonesty is rooted in the goal orientation of the individual. Several environmental and individual factors can change it, so a comprehensive effort seems necessary in order to amend it.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between collective trust and collective efficacy with school effectiveness from the viewpoint of primary teachers in Yazd city in the academic year of 2018-2019. The research method was descriptive and correlational. Although sufficient sample according to Morgan and Krejcie's table (1970) according to the population size (N = 1759), a sample size of 317 subjects, but the researcher's distributed 450 questionnaires to reduce the error rate and given the probability of teachers not returning a percentage of questionnaires of these, 375 from return questionnaires were completed and were used in analyzes. The data collection tools were the Hoy and Moran Complex Confidence Questionnaire (2003), the teachers' collective efficacy questionnaire (CTEQ) Goddard (2001) and the School Effectiveness Standard Questionnaire Sergiovanni & et al. (1992) that were confirmed validity and reliability. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the collective trust and school effectiveness with a correlation coefficient of (r = 0.739, p≤ 0.01). There is a positive relationship between primary teachers' collective efficacy and school effectiveness with a correlation coefficient of (r = 0.675, p≤ 0.01). 62% of the variance of school effectiveness is predicted by the variables of collective trust and collective efficiency. Also, the results of independent sample t-test showed that the means of collective trust, collective efficacy and school effectiveness from the viewpoint of female teachers are significantly more than male teachers. Extensive involvement of teachers in decision making about school issues could increase the collective trust and collective efficacy of teachers and ultimately increase the school effectiveness.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and parents' religious attitudes toward child exposure to domestic violence in Kabul in the academic year 98-97.The statistical population of the study consisted of 275736 elementary school students in Kabul city. Based on Morgan-Krejcie table, 384 students and parents out of 13 schools were selected by cluster sampling method and Power Socioeconomic Status Scale, Khodayari Fard and Associates Religious Attitude Scale. And the child exposure scale to domestic violence were used by Adelson et al. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. These results indicated that there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and parents' religious attitudes with domestic violence and socioeconomic status variable has a positive role in predicting domestic violence against children. Also,parents' religious attitude variable has a negative role in predicting domestic violence against children. This means that by improving the socio-economic status of the family, violence against children increases and by increasing the religious attitude of parents, the rate of domestic violence against children decreases. Suggestions include identifying these children through education and the use of social workers, educating parents and teachers about the effects of violence on children, and teaching life skills and self-care to children at risk.

Professional ethics as a branch of ethical knowledge examines ethical assignments in a profession and its ethical issues and seeks to provide ways and guidelines that determine these assignments for individuals and professional groups. The overall purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of professional ethics training on job involvement and organizational commitment of elementary school teachers in Yazd.

The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with experimental group and control group. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school teachers in district 2 of Yazd province with a population of about 1460. Thirty teachers were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 experiment and control. The instrument of this study was Job Inventory and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

The findings of the present study showed that professional ethics training affects job engagement and organizational commitment. The research findings also show that the two experimental and control groups have significant differences in terms of scores of all dimensions (emotional commitment, continuous commitment, normative commitment).

Overall, professional ethics training gained more from employing techniques such as introducing professional ethics and talking about ethical virtues of work discipline, work conscience, professional loyalty, and critique of work engagement and organizational commitment.

Work-life balance, as one of the stresses that most employees deal with in their daily life, can lead to job stress. In this regard, the overall aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training stress coping skills on work-life-balance of the staff of department of education in Yazd Province.

This experimental study was conducted by a pretest-posttest design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research included all staff of Education Department in Yazd Province. Consequently, 40 staff (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) were randomly selected and divided into the experimental and control groups. The instrument of this research was Wang & Cochr('39')s (2009) work-life balance questionnaire. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

Findings showed that stress coping skills training had a significant positive effect on work-life balance of employees (F=70/978, p<0/001) and according to the ETA squared coefficient, this training could explain 65.70% of the variance of work-life balance of employees.

Overall, training in stress coping skills could improve the work-life balance of the experimental group through identifying and controlling stressful situations, enjoying a balanced work-life stress-free experience, and identifying their physical and facial expressions and thoughts during stress.

As a common belief, collective efficiency as a whole has an undeniable impact on students and their learning ability. What it signifies is the widespread impression on the capacity of teachers & principals to make a difference in the lives of students. Therefore, it is imperative to identify areas and situations that can help enable collective self-efficacy. Donohoo’s Enabling Conditions for Collective Teacher Efficacy Scale (EC-CTES) is specifically designed for this purpose. The study's objective was to investigate the internal consistency and factor validity of the scale. The technical characteristics of the scale were evaluated by collecting sample data from 178 teachers. The scale's internal consistency was assessed utilizing Cronbach’s Alpha method. The factor validity of the scale was investigated by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results showed that Cronbach’s Alpha were between 0.74 and 0.83 for six dimensions (&0.94 for the scale). All dimensions have a high correlation with the entire scale. Also, the fit indices indicated the acceptable suitableness of the model. The findings of the model suitableness evaluation revealed that the 6-factor model has a good correlation with the data. The calculation of the Average Variance Extracted also confirmed the convergent validity of the scale. Hence, compliant with the study outcome, it can be concluded that it can be sufficiently reliable and valid in the case of Ardabil teachers and that moreover it is a suitable tool for measuring the enabling conditions for collective teacher efficacy as well as research, diagnostic and intervention purposes.

Numerous factors have caused the teaching and/or learning of mathematics in elementary schools not to be effective enough. In this regard, the purpose of this grounded theory qualitative research was to determine the challenges of math teaching/learning in elementary schools. The target group included all teachers of elementary schools in Yazd who were selected using purposive sampling method. Using semi-structured interview", interviews were conducted with teachers with who had at least 5 years and an average of 9 years of teaching experience until theoretical saturation was achieved (N = 14). To analyze the data, the interviews were transcribed and coded using open, axial, and selective coding. Subsequently, some qualitative researchers, as well as the participants themselves, were invited to review the data and make the necessary modifications to make them both credible and reliable. Ultimately, the challenges identified for teaching/learning mathematics in elementary schools were classified in terms of a sixdimensional paradigm, specifying the core, causal, contextual, and environmental conditions that rise to these challenges, as well as the strategies teachers and students adopt accordingly and the potential consequences. Based on the results, "the core category" included "lesson complexity and temporal-methodical mismatch". On the other hand, the most important causal conditions encompassed weakness in research and competency support and lack of attention to the principles of planning. The contextual conditions included behavioral contexts and hardware-financial contexts. The "environmental conditions" included the socio-cultural background, the family, the economic and policy making environment. The "strategies" included feeling of deprivation of authority on part of teachers and referring to educational aid institutions on part of the students. Finally, the "consequences" of adopting such strategies were found to be anxiety and aversion to mathematics, accumulated math learning difficulties and non-applicable math learning.

The importance of changing of the longitudinal and transverse layout of the side hulls of a trimaran ship on the total resistance in calm water has been of great interest. Wave making resistance can be reduced by changing the layout of side hulls. In this study, for verification of numerical solution, some changes in the side hull arrangements are vinvestigated by experimental method and the amount of resistance and its related variables have been carefully recorded. Then, a numerical model is developed in OpenFOAM code, and in a numerical tank, the details of the fluid flow around the ship are investigated. In addition to the proper accuracy of numerical results, it can be seen that transverse position of the side hulls has a significant effect on ship total resistance. However, the variation in drag force due to the changing in longitudinal position of side hulles is. The effect of the transverse distance between the side hulls and the central line of the main hull has been studied dimensionlessly on four different positions. A similar analysis has been performed for changes in the longitudinal position of the side hulls. Changing the transverse layout of the side hulls can result in a 10% reduction in the total resistance of trimaran.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of empathy education on aggression and quality of relationships with male students' male peers.  The research method was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group.  The statistical population of this study was all male primary school pupils in Yazd in the academic year of 2016-2017.  30 randomly selected cluster random sampling and assigned to two groups (15 people) and control (15 people).  Participants in the experimental group received sympathetic training in seven sessions of 90 minutes.  The data were collected using the Bass & Perry Aggression Questionnaire and Hudson's Relationship Questionnaire and analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis.  Findings indicated that 75% of the variance in the post-test scores of the experimental group was due to the effect of empathy education on aggression and relationships with peers.  Therefore, it can be concluded that empathy education affects the reduction of aggression and the quality of relationships with peers.  Also, empathy education is effective in reducing the dimensions of aggression (physical, verbal, anger, hostility) of students.

Over the last two decades, the issue of international students has been an integral part of the internalization of universities. Therefore, recognizing and probing into the issues faced by such students and trying to attract them to the target university have been among the political and economic goals of the country’s higher education. To this end, the present study aimed at exploring the challenges faced by international students in Yazd University.

A qualitative research approach and a ground theory method were selected. The target group included all international students in Yazd University, selected via theorical sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured deep interview. The interviews conducted reached 18 and the theoretical saturation was achieved. The obtained data were analyzed via coding and categorization at three levels of open, axial and selective coding. The triangulation method was employed to verify data credibility.

The findings generally verified the six dimensions of the grounded theory. The constituting types of challenges faced by the international students and their interrelationships appeared through a paradigmatic model consisting of causal condition (6 types), core category (arrival challenge and adaptation), strategy (5 types), environmental factors (2 types), context (5 types) and consequences (3 types).

Given the contextual and environmental factors, we can accomplish students’ satisfaction, their loyalty toward the university and their academic achievement through strategies including attention, guidance, counselling, motivation, communications and cooperation, further effort and involvement.

Nowadays, the optimal use of energy, speed increase, fuel consumption reduction and environmental pollution prevention are essential in the ship design and manufacturing discussion. So it is critical to be able to estimate ship's response to waves, since the resulting added resistance and increasing fuel consumption also increasing environmental pollution. In this study, the numerical solution of the Iran-Bushehr container ship model was determined to simulate the free surface flow around the hull and estimate the total resistance and investigate ship motions in 2 degree-of-freedom (heave and pitch) in regular head waves. Finally, the results of simulation in different conditions are presented and compared. KCS container ship used for validation. CFD codes in Star-CCM+ used to calculate three dimensional, incompressible, unsteady RANS equations.

In recent years, 3D printing methods (additive manufacturing) have been attracted in research centers and industry. Among several 3D printing processes, fused deposition modeling (FDM) was more popular. In this method, plastic filaments were used for rapid prototyping or manufacture of a structural part. In this research, composite filaments compounded by a polymeric matrix and different volume fraction of aluminum oxide (alumina), were produced. Mechanical and physical properties of printed parts by these filaments were evaluated. Tensile test results showed that with increase of the volume fraction of alumina, tensile strengths were decreased because of inter layer voids. For 20% volumetric of alumina, tensile strength was decreased up to 70%. But in compression test, compressive strength was decreased 74% with increase of alumina till 10% and then compressive strength increased. Also, heat deflection temperature test was conducted and 11% decrease in heat deflection temperature was obtained, because of lower strengths of composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that with increase of alumina, thermal stability of printed parts was increased. Linear shrinkage was measured for printed part in three directions and anisotropic shrinkage was explained. Also with increase of alumina till 15% volumetric, hardness was decreased to 27% and after that the hardness was increased a little. With increase of alumina till 20% volumetric, warpage of parts was decreased to 91%.

This paper aims at presenting a model, tailoring the vocational and technical education with the needs of the labor market from the viewpoint of the industries’ owners of Yazd city. The qualitative method of grounded theory was used due to the limited models in the current literature to explain the fitness of the vocational and technical education with the needs of the labor market and gathering the data suitable with the study. The data was collected through interview with 14 industry owners and vocational and technical organization managers in Yazd city. By classifying the concepts, minor and major subcategories, and finding the core category using the open, axial and selective coding, the categories which could develop a model for tailoring the vocational and technical education with the needs of the labor market and the relationships among them were appeared in a paradigmatic model. The model includes causal triggers (7 categories), Core category (training alignment), strategies (8 categories), environmental conditions (6 categories), contextual features (4 categories) and the consequences (3 categories). Based on the research findings, it could be concluded that the fitness of the technical and vocational education to the needs of the labor market could be realized using the strategies of need assessment, stakeholders’ participation, instructor training, internal and external cooperation, occupational future studies, land use planning, trainees acquaintance with the job market, along with counseling and career guidance.