محسن طاهری جبلی

 In today's era, when increasing health services and extensive medical measures have resulted in legal consequences, especially regarding the increase of crimes, the observance of citizen's rights and respect for the rights of accused and victims in medical crimes are among the key issues of the criminal justice system. Considering the effect of organizational culture on the performance and behavior of the police, this research investigates the role of police organizational culture in respecting the rights of accused and victims of medical crimes and emphasizes the ethical principles and the effect of the criminal procedure law on this issue.

 Research has been done by library and documentary method. The required information was collected from written sources, laws and legal documents, and using the qualitative analysis method, the data were analyzed to identify patterns and connections between police organizational culture and civil rights in medical crimes.

Ethical Considerations:

 The ethical aspects of library studies have been considered in the present research.

 The organizational culture of the police, based on common values ​​and moral beliefs, plays an effective role in protecting the rights of accused and victims of medical crimes. The principles of restorative justice and the approach of the criminal procedure law in this field indicate the necessity of constructive and humane interaction of the police with the accused and the victims. The law of criminal procedure obliges judicial officers to respect citizen's rights and maintain human dignity in all stages of proceedings, which provides a necessary platform for effective and qualitative treatment of medical crimes within the jurisdiction and interactive field of the police. 

 Strengthening the organizational culture of the police by emphasizing ethical principles and under the shadow of necessary training can lead to the realization of restorative justice and protection of the rights of accused and victims in medical crimes. In addition to increasing public trust in the judicial system, this is effective in reducing social tensions and improving the quality of interactions between the police and citizens involved in medical cases. Accordingly, the most significant approaches to cultivating organizational culture include strengthening infrastructure and specialization within the police force, promoting adherence to the law, developing differentiated behavioral guidelines for medical crimes, establishing a performance evaluation system, implementing a reward and penalty system, assessing the process of fostering organizational culture, and maintaining a desirable organizational culture based on the vision of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

Today, criminal policy making in the field of juvenile delinquency has been influenced by the findings of criminology, trying to explain differential approaches and responses. Differentiating policies, which include from the beginning of the criminalization process to the procedure and sentencing system, try to adapt the responses of the society according to the personality of the teenagers and the possibility of facilitating the process of returning the delinquent teenagers to the society. Therefore, and influenced by the approaches of discriminatory and tolerant criminal policy, in the penal system and in the phase of determining the punishment, a guarantee of special executions has been provided for delinquent children and teenagers.These measures, which seek to reform and rehabilitate juvenile delinquents, on the one hand, adopt a tolerance-based approach towards them on the occasion of reduced responsibility, and on the other hand, seek to control the crime rate in this relatively risky area. This article tries to analyze and evaluate the mechanisms of the punishment system for the crimes of children and adolescents in the light of the rehabilitation criminal policy.

Background and Goal: 

from the past to the present, Testimony considered as the most important tool for proving the truth. Individuals, and in particular witnesses, should be trustees for criminal justice in dealing with crimes. This article aims to identify the rights of witnesses and to further clarify their protection status based on legal standards.

In terms of objective, this Paper is an applied Research and in terms of Methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study.

Protection of witnesses has been taken into account in international laws and regulations. It should be noted that in the process of a fair trial, criminal protection of witnesses is necessary in order to protect the rights of individuals and human dignity, punishing the perpetrators and protect justice and its implementation. In Iranian law, before the adoption of the Criminal Procedure Code of 2014, paying costs and losses were considered as a supportive measure. By adopting resent Provisions, witness protection is specifically addressed in the Criminal Procedure Code and regulation of witnesses Protection, and includes some measures, including non-face-to-face encounters between the witnesses and the informant with the plaintiff or defendant, the non-disclosure of information about identity, family profile and Residence of witness or informant, listening witness statements outside of the court through telecommunications, adopting some necessary measures to protect witnesses and informants by Interrogator and pay the costs and compensate for losses.

Implementation of orders issued by the judicial authorities left to Law Enforcements, those must cooperate with the witnesses Security protection Unit and the Judiciary Information Protection Center.