فهرست مطالب محسن عموزاده عمرانی

Rural roads and passages form a major part of the country's roads, which play a constructive role in the quality of traffic and the relative well-being of the villagers. This research was carried out in a descriptive way and by reasoning to books, sources and authentic library texts and by collecting and referring to field studies taken from objective observations as well as their analysis, which aims to develop and expand quality pavement as well as Introducing the correct methods and solutions for prevention and timely maintenance of the failures in the asphalt paving of rural roads. In this research, major damages in rural roads and roads were investigated and analyzed to find the best way to repair them. The obtained results indicated the existence of major damages including alligator cracks, block cracks, longitudinal and transverse cracks, corrugation, potholes, etc. It has been proposed, for alligator cracks, as the most common cracks, the staining method, apply seal coat and improve the load-bearing condition of the subgrade soil, and for other defects, various methods to improve the condition of the defect have been presented in detail. It is easy to minimize the damage caused by most of these failures by properly monitoring the implementation and sufficient precision in the design. By carrying out a basic and technical design of a suitable pavement as well as its correct implementation, it is possible to use that pavement properly for many years. Proper attention and planning to use suitable maintenance options is very important.

Today, due to its high safety factor and favorable environmental pollution, rail transportation has a major contribution to the movement of cargo and passengers. The use of modern technologies such as automatic control systems in signaling, communication, and train control increases speed. The number of rail accidents has also decreased in the field of safety. Due to the country's strategic position, which is located in the center of the north-south and east-west corridors, neighboring countries with oil and gas resources are often forced to transit their oil and gas exports through Iran's railway lines. So in order to To increase safety and prevent accidents, the transportation of dangerous goods by rail should be carried out in compliance with all safety principles, such as compliance with unloading and loading rules, the selection of wagons suitable for the conditions of transportation of dangerous goods, and the labeling of wagons. In this article, railway accidents related to trains’ escapes in the world and as a case study, the accident and explosion of freight wagons at Khayyam station are investigated, and the causes and factors of such accidents are discussed, the most important of which are: performance Inadequate and defects in the braking system of trains, improper brake adjustment during the brake test process, lack of compatibility and matching of cargo in successive wagons and replacement of the locomotive. Also, guidelines for prevention and improvement of safety have been provided.

The existence of waste materials from various physical and chemical processes is one of the important problems of industrialized and developing countries. For this reason, extensive research is being done on the methods of recycling or disposing of them in order to minimize the damage to the environment. In the present study, the effect of using recycled asphalt crumb (RAP) as a substitute for natural aggregate and steel slag as a substitute for cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures for the construction of road pavements has been investigated. For this purpose, fresh concrete tests including slump flow, V funnel, L box, J ring and hardened concrete tests of compressive, tensile and bending strength were performed on the samples. The results showed the effect of using slag instead of cement and asphalt chips. Instead of coarse grain, it reduces the compressive, tensile and bending resistance of self-dense concrete. Also, by replacing up to 25% of stone materials with small asphalt materials and 30% of slag with cement, minimum acceptable standards were achieved according to the relevant standards. Also, for the design of double mixes, the design containing 30% asphalt crumb instead of stone materials with 25% slag instead of cement has shown more suitable results. The most optimal mode of using these materials is respectively using 30% slag instead of cement and 25% asphalt crumb instead of stone materials.

Cold recycling is one of the methods of pavement rehabilitation, which has become popular in recent years. One of the advantages of cold recycling is that its operations are performed at ambient temperature. However, there are still some concerns regarding the use of emulsified cold recycled mixtures. These pavements are susceptible to problems such as raveling, stripping, low initial strength, and long curing time, which are often countered by the use of additives. In this study, the mechanical behavior of the mixture recycled with emulsion bitumen containing cement kiln dust as a waste from the cement production process and steel slag as a pozzolanic waste were compared with the non-additive mixture and the mixtures with 1% and 2% cement content (as a conventional emulsified cold recycled mixture additive). To evaluate the mechanical properties, Marshal stability, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus and fatigue test were performed on the samples of different ages at different temperatures. The results showed that the combined use of cement kiln dust and steel slag improves the mechanical properties, especially after prolonged curing periods. In some cases, this improvement was even greater than the improvement resulting from the addition of cement. The fatigue test results showed that the mixture containing the new additive had a better fatigue behavior than the non-additive mixture and a comparable behavior with the cement-containing mixture specially at lower strain levels.

Road transport is important in people's lives, socially and materially. The progress of a country can be directly related to road transportation. It is very important to have a good procedure for proper passages, and to achieve this goal, they choose rigid concrete procedures that are economic, environmental and safe. In current research adding a nano additive increases the resistance and durability properties so that we can also increase the life of the solid surface, for this purpose, from the tests on the constituent components of the top concrete (aggregate, water, cement) suitable for it from the tables The standard is specified. With the study done on the research and examination of professors, single-layer carbon nanotube material was selected to improve and change the properties of concrete. After adding nanotubes with different ratios (3-5-7 percent of cement weight) to the concrete, the compressive strength test was performed on the control and modified sample and a 20% increase was observed, and the tensile strength improved by 13%. Also, the durability of the procedures increased by 30%, which was very impressive and significant, and showed a 28% reduction in water absorption.

In this research, the mechanical properties of concrete in the conditions of using natural aggregates and comparing the results with the replacement of recycled aggregates with values of 10, 20, 30 and 40% have been investigated. In the first part of the study, the results showed that the specific gravity of concrete in the presence of 40% of recycled sand and gravel was 1.02% and 2.38%, respectively. Also, in terms of compressive strength, the lowest decrease in compressive strength occurred in 10% of recycled sand and the highest decrease in compressive strength occurred in 40% of recycled sand. Then, the mechanical properties of ordinary concrete with concrete containing waste plastic (PET) were compared with 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% of concrete volume. In this regard, the results of the study indicate a decrease in compressive strength of concrete compared to control concrete. In this regard, the lowest reduction in compressive strength was 2.01% in the presence of 2% waste plastic (PET) and the highest reduction in compressive strength was 16.39% in the presence of 10% waste plastic (PET). Regarding flexural strength, the results showed an increase in flexural strength; So that the lowest increase in flexural strength of 6.27% occurred in the presence of 2% waste plastic (PET) and the highest increase in flexural strength of 39.49% occurred in the presence of 10% waste plastic (PET). In the end, the results showed that increasing the presence of waste plastic (PET) has led to a decrease in water absorption of samples. In this regard, the lowest decrease in water absorption by 5.26% and the highest decrease in water absorption by 23.08% occurred in the presence of 2 and 10% waste plastic (PET), respectively.

Porous asphalt pavement (PA) material is a special open-graded asphalt mixture which has a large proportion of interconnected air voids with a void content of 18% or more. Traffic noise, splash, spatter, aquaplaning and skid resistance are public problems in dense asphalts. Porous asphalt pavement is an alternative that believed to be meeting above mentioned requirements. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of rubber powder and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) on mechanical properties, surface friction, macrotexture and sound absorption of these PA mixtures. For this purpose, Porous asphalt mixtures with two different types of gradation were studied and compared. SBS polymer and recycled rubber powder were used to modify 60/70 bitumen. In order to evaluate the desired characteristics, ITS moisture sensitivity, Cantabro abrasion, Drain down, pavement macrotexture depth, British pendulum and sound absorption tests were carried out on the specimens. Test results showed that rubber powder had a positive effect on surface friction and a negative effect on sound absorption of polymeric PA mixtures. However, the gradation containing more fine aggregates had a better surface friction than the other one. In addition, adding crumb rubber into polymeric porous asphalt mixtures, decreased sound absorption in all frequencies from 125 to 1250 Hz.

Recently, with the increase in the production of vehicles on the one hand and the increase in the population of cities and villages on the other hand, sufficient attention to the issue of pedestrians, especially in terms of safety, is very important and noteworthy. In recent years, the rate and growth of pedestrian casualties in major cities of the country compared to developing countries is high. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pedestrian characteristics and behavior, environmental characteristics and time of pedestrian accidents on the probability of pedestrian injuries and to provide a model to determine the probability of any severe or minor injuries. The independent variables defined in the model are for vehicle accidents with pedestrians on Jomhuri Eslami Boulevard in Qazvin. Therefore, using the data obtained from the provincial forensic medicine organization and the traffic police, which are related to traffic accidents from 1397 to 1399, these factors have been modeled using the logistic regression model. The results show that pedestrian education, time of accident, speed of vehicle and color of pedestrian clothing are the most influential factors in the probability of injury.

The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the effects of calcium nanocarbonate on the mechanical properties of bitumen and asphalt mixture. The laboratory program of this research includes the use of two percent calcium nanocarbonate additives (3%, 5% by weight of bitumen) to modify pure bitumen. Various tests including: penetration degree, softening point, stretchability, MSCR1, LAS2, indirect tensile strength, buckling modulus and dynamic fatigue and creep were performed. Fatigue test was performed based on four-point bending beam test with constant strain level in three levels of 600, 800 and 1000 microstrain with sinusoidal loading. The fatigue life of the samples was evaluated based on a fifty percent decrease in the initial hardness modulus. The results showed that the addition of calcium nanocarbonate increased the softening point and decreased the degree of penetration and stigmatization. Also, the bitumen rutting results showed that the addition of nano calcium carbonate increased the fatigue life of the samples. According to the results, the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures made with bitumen modified with calcium nanocarbonate is more than normal asphalt mixtures. Also, bentonite led to a relative increase in indirect tensile strength and hardness modulus of asphalt mixtures.

It is very important to pay attention to pedestrians as one of the key elements in the flow of traffic. In recent years, adequate and safe time for pedestrians to cross urban streets has been an important issue. In countries such as our country, Iran, personal characteristics, gender and type of clothing, especially in women as users of pedestrian facilities at intersections adjacent to holy places is one of the effective parameters in accepting the opportunity for pedestrians to cross. In this research, pedestrian crossing time with field studies and by Raff’s method and dual logistic modeling were analyzed on four important intersections of Rasht city; Including, two intersections adjacent to the holy places and two intersections in other places. The results showed that at intersections adjacent to holy places, men need 21% and women need 57% more critical time interval than other intersections to cross safely. The effect of gender also showed that women needed 18% more-time interval than men to cross the intersection of adjacent holy places. Also, women with tent cover at the intersection adjacent to holy places need 18% more critical otime interval to cross the intersection than women without tent cover. Dual logistic modeling showed that if the intersection is adjacent to holy places, pedestrians have an 80.6% probability of accepting a critical time interval compared to other intersections to cross. The probability of accepting the critical time interval for pedestrian women to cross the intersection is 82% of men. Also, the probability of accepting a critical time interval for pedestrian women with tent cover to cross the intersection adjacent to the holy places is 40.7% compared to other intersections.

Recycling is one of the most important issues in the construction industry in the world. Today, it is common to use different types of concrete in construction projects. One of these types of concrete is Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC), which has advantages such as fast and easy construction, lower construction costs and resistance in hot weather conditions and heavy loading. This concrete can be used in the construction of road pavements and all kinds of massive structures. In this study, the effect of replacing reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) as coarse aggregates and steel slag as fine aggregates with different percentages has been investigated on the mechanical properties of roller concrete. Samples were cured for 7 and 28 days after mixing design. The results of tests show that with increasing the replacement of RAP and steel slag in RCC samples, the compressive strength is significantly reduced; Compressive strength in the sample containing 100% RAP and steel slag, is approximately one third of the compressive strength of the sample; However, this declining trend has slowed down for the tensile and flexural strengths. Also, only the sample containing 25% of RAP and steel slag has the required minimum compressive strength in accordance with the relevant standards; While 28-day tensile and flexural strength in samples containing 25%, 50% and 75% of RAP and steel slag, is higher than the allowable values ​​in accordance with the relevant standards. The results of toughness test showed that with increasing RAP and steel slag, the maximum load was decreased; However, energy absorption capacity and consequently toughness increased, due to the increase in flexibility of RCC mixtures.

Due to the growing demand for rail transport, one of the main problems of the rail transport system in most of the world's railway networks is the lack of capacity of railways, which depends on the parameters of infrastructure, fleet and operation. The actual capacity of a line is the maximum number of trains that can cross an axis in 24 hours and depends on factors such as the travel time of trains on the block, the amount of intersection delay and the quality of operation of the line. In this paper, the Mashhad-Tehran and Doroud-Andimeshk tracks, which have limitations for the smooth running of trains, have been studied. After the studies, it was found that it is possible to increase the useful length of station lines with improvements and technical and infrastructural techniques such as dividing two lanes, correcting curves, increasing platforms and acceptance lines and sending passenger trains, and upgrading the signaling system to reduce the time of arrival and departure of trains, increased the capacity of the line. From the observed results of the implementation of these measures, we can mention such things as smoother traffic than before, increased passenger traffic, increased commercial and freight speed, reduced fuel consumption and reduced working hours of officers.

The production of industrial waste has increased greatly in recent decades due to rapid industrial developments. On the other hand, serious environmental issues have been caused by excessive use of natural resources. Plastic bottles are one of the waste materials that may degrade very slowly and cause the highest level of pollution. Due to the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate and the properties of HDPE, they can be used as bitumen modifiers. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of EVA in asphalt mixture containing HDPE, to investigate the dynamic characteristics of modified asphalt with optimal use of recycled plastic. The results of dynamic tests of stiffness modulus (at 25°C), fatigue (at 20°C) and Repeated Load Axial (RLA) (at 40 and 60°C) showed that the mixture containing these additives after rest and Loading had good elasticity and resistance. The results of the tests showed that adding HDPE and increasing the amount of EVA additive improved rutting distress, increased fatigue life and resilient modulus of asphalt mixture. The mixing plan containing 4% of HDPE and 3% of EVA was the best mixture to improve the studied properties. Due to the fact that the desired mixture is very sensitive to temperature changes and loses its elasticity at high temperature, the use of two additives (HDPE and EVA) is more desirable in areas with moderate and cold climates.

Some of the important benefits of cold asphalt include conservation of natural resources, cost and energy reduction. Meanwhile, warm asphalt mixtures have higher durability and resistance than cold mixtures, but the use of hot asphalt mixtures causes environmental pollution, the release of toxic and harmful gases, and also reduces the safety of workers. Therefore, today, the use of cold asphalt mixtures is increasing in order to protect the environment and also work risks, which is used with this type of asphalt along with emulsion bitumen. However, the use of cold asphalt produced in factories with emulsion bitumen leads to problems such as rutting, thermal cracks, reduction in strength, etc. Therefore, the need to use additives in order to improve the functional characteristics of this type of asphalt is felt. Considering the importance of the subject, in this research, a review of the studies conducted in the field of the effect of different additives on the functional characteristics of recycled cold asphalt produced with emulsion bitumen has been done. Finally, according to the results of the studies, it can be said that asphalt mixtures produced with emulsion bitumen have very low resistance to environmental factors and humidity, and therefore the use of additives is recommended. The results showed that the use of different additives improves the resistance of the asphalt mixture against moisture, which is more evident in the samples modified by combining polymer with cement and polymer with lime than other additives. shows. Also, due to creating a three-dimensional network in the bitumen and actually reinforcing the bitumen, polymer materials can increase the asphalt resistance and Marshall endurance.

By consideration of spreading roads, increasing vehicles, a consequently increasing inner-outer travelling, accidents and violations turned into significant problem in the part of road transportation. In this regard, The aim of this study is evaluating the effect of increasing the number of vehicles on increasing the number of accidents an violations in Bushehr-Brazjan is considered as an important and related place to answer the question which cause the traffic accidents, on the other hand, related to this problem a few studies have been implemented on the Bushehr-Brazjan road. This research is a descriptive-analytical study that Bushehr-Brazjan road axis was studied as a research road axis based on available information and based on statistics of violations due to speed, unauthorized distance and road accidents in the mentioned freeway. Given that the data collected is quantitative and the research seeks to investigate and determine the relationship between the variables, Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to measure the relationship. Also, according to the distribution diagram between the dependent variable and the independent variable indicating the existence of a linear relationship between the variables linear regression has been used. Relevant information was collected and evaluated in consecutive years (2014-2019). The results showed that the increase in the number of vehicles affected on 93% of accidents, 83% of speeding violations and 81% of speeding violations. Also, by considering the independent variables and the use of the multivariate linear regression equation, the number of accidents for the coming years can be predicted.

One of the biggest infrastructural assets of the country is the road. Due to the heavy costs of repair and improvement, preventive methods and increasing the life of the pavement can play a special role in reducing the costs of the pavement life cycle. At present, according to the goals set in the road pavement management system (PMS) special attention has been paid to the implementation of chip seal and fog seal protection asphalts. Accordingly, in this study, a review of research on chip seals and fog seals such as evaluation tests and proposed quality control methods, review and comparison of implementation methods, use of additives, and environmentally friendly materials has taken. Then, based on the values of the pavement management system indicators of the roads and the classification of methods for improving the pavement condition index (PCI), the international roughness index (IRI) of the roads in Bushehr province and predicting the estimated cost ratio of operations of each category, the performance of chip seal and fog seal have been studied in a number of major road in Bushehr province. the review a shows that, in order to improve the performance and reduce the executive problems, It is beneficial to use environmentally friendly additives and modifiers. Evaluation and quality control of materials and execution also play an important role in the final performance of chip seals and fog seals. Finally, the implementation of chip seal and fog seal protective layers is effective in reducing the cost of pavement life.

Road maintenance is considered as one of the major and important factors in the pavement management system (PMS). Regarding the type of data collection in this study, the observation method based on index PCI (Pavement Condition Index) according to ASTM D6433 standard was used. Research aims to assess the priority of road maintenance using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI). Locations for this research were the roads at the EMU campus to length 10 km in Northern Cyprus and 16 road segments were taken from each district. There were 9 distress types that had been recorded. We intend to add to this project a new dimension by analyzing the EMU campus road. The results of the research as obtained from the method of PCI and prioritization can be identified as follows: five road segments are in good condition, four are satisfactory, six are in fair condition, one is in a failed condition, and one road segment is in serious condition. In total, 15 of 16 road segments are in stable condition. The result generally indicates that the road was 80.63% in satisfactory condition. In general, it can be concluded that road pavements are constantly exposed to various types of stresses such as heavy traffic load, temperature, humidity and bed soil displacement, which over time lead to damage such as cracks in the Alligator cracking, Patching and Utility cut, Block cracking, Long and Trans cracking, Rutting, and Asphalt Bleeding are in the pavement. Patching and Utility cut, Alligator cracking and Long and Trans cracking were assessed as the most severe.

Traffic sign recognition plays a vital role in the intelligent transportation system, which increases traffic safety by providing safety and precautionary information about road hazards to drivers. Knowledge of how humans process the meaning of symptoms reduces the time it takes to respond to them and make decisions while driving. Although the expansion of the transportation network helps in the discussion of traffic, this expansion may not be feasible due to high financial costs, geographical and environmental constraints, as well as long-term improvements to transportation infrastructure. These limitations can be minimized with Traffic Management Systems (TMS). Efficient use of resources and waste reduction are key goals in managing a smart city, in which traffic and transportation activities have a significant impact. In smart city approaches, the use of intelligent processing methods in vehicles to increase safety is proposed without any interference in the driving process. This study addresses an innovative system that aims to assist councils in developing a road management plan and creating a framework for placing street signs and intelligent car systems using Google Images (GSV). Recent advances in machine memory detection technology have provided Google Automated Images with an automated approach to identifying and classifying street signs, allowing it to be used to produce a standalone image recognition system to improve traffic information monitoring and storage. This article reviews and compares studies and developments related to traffic signs and signs in smart cities and intelligent transportation systems. The results show a reduction in travel time, improved vehicle maintenance and transportation system logistics, better fleet utilization, reduced vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

In recent years, due to the higher cost of pavement construction and environmental considerations, various waste and recycled materials have been used in concrete and Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) mixtures. This study investigates the effect of partial and full replacement of natural aggregates with steel slag as a by-product of the steel industry and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a waste of the road pavement construction industry, on the mechanical and environmental properties of RCC pavements. For this purpose, compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and three-point bending tests were conducted on 7 and 28-day samples. Three-point bending test was used to obtain flexural strength, toughness, and energy absorbency. Also Cantabro abrasion test and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) were conducted on 28-day samples. The results showed that the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of RCC pavement reduced by replacing natural aggregates with steel slag and RAP. In the meantime, the effect of RAP on reducing mechanical properties of roller concrete is more pronounced. Increasing the content of steel slag and RAP increases the toughness, as well as the energy absorbency capacity of the specimens despite the decrease in the maximum load. On the other hand, the abrasion resistance of the roller concrete mixture increases, with increasing steel slag. Also, according to the results of this study, the mixtures containing up to 50% steel slag or combined steel slag and RAP, met the regulatory requirements. By incorporating 25% steel slag and 25% RAP as substitutes for natural aggregates, compressive, tensile and flexural strengths decreased and toughness increased up to 24%, 34%, 21% and 13%, respectively. Thus, the waste materials used in this study, are usable in RCC because of their satisfactory results and economic-environmental advantages.