محسن فتحی

With their wide range of applications in the design and construction of steel structures, rigid connections are among the most prevalent types of connections. In many cases, hollow circular columns are used as a component in moment resisting frames. Circular columns have a wide range of applications, primarily due to their high flexural strength around the principal perpendicular axes, their ductility, energy dissipation, and low susceptibility to local buckling. These hollow sections are available and used in two forms: rolled sections and sections manually manufactured using plates. The most important weak point of these sections is when they are used in moment resisting frames and structures located in areas with a high level of seismicity. In these cases, design standards necessitate the use of continuity plates along the beam’s flanges. However, due to the inaccessibility of the inner spaces of these types of columns, using continuity plates is either impossible or very difficult. This study introduces an external diaphragm connection between the I -shaped beam and hollow circular column which uses continuity plates outside the section (column). Through an experimental investigation, the behavior and strength of welded and bolted connections are evaluated under cyclic loading. The results show that the proposed detail possesses suitable strength and ductility, and provides the connection with a suitable level of rigidity. The connection satisfies the specifications of existing seismic codes.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is one of the oldest medicinal and spice plants in the world. In order to investigate the effects of plant age on secondary metabolites and some physiological factors of saffron, a research project was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the research field of medicinal plants of the University of Zanjan. Three saffron farms with different biological ages of one, two and five years old were selected as experimental treatments, and then three plots were randomly selected from each farm and the desired traits were measured. Results showed that, increasing of the age of saffron plants in this experiment increased fresh weight of plant and dry weight of stigma. 5-yraes old plants showed the highest amounts of these traits. Whereas, the contents of soluble proteins and sugars and photosynthetic pigments were higher at first year and decreased by increasing of plant age. Number of secondary metabolites decreased when the age of plants increased as in one–year old saffron plants 26 metabolites and in 5-year old plants only 15 metabolites were detected. Loliolid (18%) and thymol (17%) in 1-year old plants and thymol (19%) and camphor (14%) in 5-year old plants showed the highest level among all detected secondary compounds. Generally according to these results, plant age has an important effect on the number and kinds of secondary metabolites in saffron which should be considered at the time of saffron harvesting.

Study of genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction and identifying of stable and high yielding cultivars are important and essential component of cotton breeding programs dedicated for cultivar development.

Nine new promising cotton genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) along with two commercial cultivars (control) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at eight locations including Hashemabad, Karkandeh, Darab, Khodafarin, Garmsar, Varamin, Isfahan and Moghan during two crop seasons (2018-2019).

Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) across environments indicated significant variation among genotypes and G × E interaction for seed cotton yield. Significant G×E variation allowed for subsequent analysis of genotype stability statistics and AMMI analysis. Regarding AMMI analysis, two principle components contributed for 81.0 % of the variation among the G×E interaction. The Varamin and 92-34 genotypes have shown general adaptability with average yield across environments. The Golestan, ANBK and ANB414 were identified as high yielding and the most stable genotypes based on parametric models (Cvi, bi and Xi), AMMI and GGE Biplot models. It was concluded that AMMI biplot clearly facilitate identification of mega-environments and cultivars for specific recommendations.

The results of study indicated that ANB414, ANBK and Golestan could be suited for cultivation across the test environments.

In this paper, a new model-based fault detection method for an agile supersonic flight vehicle is presented. A nonlinear model, controlled by a classical closed loop controller and proportional navigation guidance in interception scenario, describes the behavior of the vehicle. The proposed FDD method uses Inertial measurement unit (IMU) data and nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle to inform fins damage to the controller before leading to an undesired performance or mission failure. Broken, burnt or not opening of control surfaces causes a drastic change in aerodynamic coefficients and thus dynamic model. Therefore, in addition to the changes in the control forces and moments, system dynamics will change too, leading to the failure detection process being encountered with difficulty. To this purpose, an equivalent aerodynamic model is proposed to represent the dynamics of the vehicle, and the health of each fin is monitored by the value of a parameter which is estimated using a nonlinear filter. To identify model changes after fin failure, the aerodynamics of body and control surfaces are modeled separately. A percentage of the fins which have the ability to generate aerodynamic force is modeled by a parameter and these parameters are estimated over time, using a nonlinear estimator. Parameters estimation through the filtering approach is an indirect procedure, consisting of transforming the problem into a state estimation problem. The value of these parameters will be between 0 and 1. Where value 1 corresponds to the health of the fin and value denotes whether the fin has not opened or has been destroyed completely. The proposed method detects and isolates fins damage in a few seconds with good accuracy. Simulation results show that the new failure diagnosis algorithm estimated fins health percentage with good accuracy. After estimating the parameters, they can be sent to the controller and the controller has changed control signal.

Seizure is a transient occurrence of signs or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Seizures are described as sudden abnormal neuronal discharges that are clinically manifested by behavioral, autonomic, motor, and sensory disturbances. Seizure is the most common neurologic problem in children. On the other hands, the most common nutritional problem in developing countries is iron deficiency. Due to the high incidence of seizures in children and its role in causing mortality and morbidity in this age group, recognizing and controlling the factors affecting seizures can have a significant impact on reducing mortality and morbidity. After the first seizure of unknown origin in children the risk of recurrence is about 50% and after the second seizure of unknown origin, the risk of recurrence is 80% epilepsy may be diagnosed only after a child has had two or more seizures of unknown origin over a period of more than 24 hours. The term of unknown origin implies that there was no close association between seizures and disease, electrolyte disturbances, fever, or acute brain injury. On the other hand, the most common microelement deficiency is iron deficiency, which affects at least 1.3 percent of the worldchr('39')s population. The most common clinical manifestation of iron deficiency is anemia, but other organs may also be affected. The possibility of lowering the seizure threshold and increasing the risk of seizures by anemia has been investigated in many studies in patients with febrile seizures, but A few studies has pointed to association between iron deficiency and the first unprovoked seizure without fever. Also the results of these studies are controversial. The effects of iron deficiency in an evolving brain include: changes in the evolutionary mechanism of hippocampal neurons, impaired energy metabolism, delayed myelin maturation, decreased visual and auditory stimulus potentials, and changes in synaptic neurotransmitter systems including norepinephrine, dopamine , Glutamate, GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) and serotonin, which can cause iron deficiency symptoms. The results of some studies have shown that iron deficiency may increase the seizure threshold because iron lipid peroxidation by the brain can lead to seizures. In addition, the uptake and release of dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and other neurotransmitters by cell membranes can be affected by iron. Therefore, the seizure threshold increases following iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia reduces the activity of excitatory neurotransmitters such as monoamine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase, resulting in neuronal stimulation and a lower risk of seizures. Research on the relationship between iron deficiency and seizures has shown conflicting results regarding iron status in children with febrile seizures and non-febrile seizures due to the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and Due to the effects of anemia and the possibility of its effect on the occurrence of seizures in children this study was carried out to determine the relation of iron deficiency anemia with first unprovoked seizure

This study is a case-control study. The study population included 172 children aged 3 months to 16 years old who referred to the neurology clinic of Hazrat Ali Asghar (AS) Childrenchr('39')s Educational and Medical Center in Tehran Sciences due to their first afebrile seizure during 2017-2019. Samples were divided into case and control groups based on the reason of hospitalization Control group included of 86 children (3month-16years old) referring for other causes to this center from 2017-2019. Non-febrile seizures based on clinical manifestations in the form of cyanosis, rotation of the head or eyes, clonic movements of the seizure in the face or limbs, a sensory disturbance such as paraesthesia or localized pain in a specific area, increased tone or stiffness, loose or decreased movements, stiffness and Rhythmic muscle relaxation is defined as a disorder or lack of consciousness without fever before and after a seizure. All selected cases were infants and children with non-febrile seizures for the first time in which there were no underlying problems.The children with fever or any type of chronic systemic disease (cardiac, renal, metabolic, confectious) and the children with the history of using drugs or blood iron transfusion for treatment of anemia were excluded. Cell blood count (CBC), Serum ferritin, iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were measured in all of children. Iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed by the values of CBC, ferritin, serum iron and TIBC based on the Nelson text book of pediatrics.To analyze the data, descriptive analysis including statistical indices of frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation was used. Also for analytical analysis, demographic findings and mean hemoglobin and ferritin were compared between the control and case groups. Data were analyzed by chi-square and independent T-test and SPSS 22 software and the significance level was considered less than 0.05.

From 172 participants, 73 (%42 ) were girls and 99 (%57) were boys, the average age in case  group was 6.4±3.75 years old, and in control group was 5.79 ±3.65 years old. From 86 patients with seizure 34 (%0.39) were girls and 52 (%0.60) were boys. In case group serum iron average was 55.1±28.4 µg/dl. Hb in 24 persons (%27.9) and ferritin in 14 persons (%16.3) was in the lower limits of normal. In the control group serum iron average was 51.8±25.79 µg/dl. Ferritin in 20 persons (%23.3) and Hb in persons (%27.9) was in the lower limits of normal. In the case group14 persons (%16.3) and in the control group 20 persons (%23.3) had iron deficiency anemia .the difference statistically was meaningless. (P value >0.05)

In this study, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the group with the first febrile seizures of unknown origin was not higher than the group referring to other causes.There was no statistically significant differences between the first unprovoked seizure without fever and iron deficiency anemia in our study. However the more comprehensive studies should be done in this regard.

One of the sport clubs’ programs have been engage in charitable activities that had certain social functions in society. So, the purpose of this article was to investigate the role of the charity activities of football clubs on fans team and organizational identification and to investigate the purchase intentions. The aim of this research was applicable and the method was correlation type. The statistical population of the study was the students of University of Kurdistan and the Medical Sciences in Sanandaj City. 250 people who gave positive reply to the question “whether they support their favorite team” were chosen as statistical sample for analysis. The research instrument included a questionnaire based on Lee's research (2009) with the dimensions of team identification, organizational identification, and purchase intention, as well as a researcher-made questionnaire using charitable activities contained on official club sites. Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis were used to evaluate the reliability and credibility of the research instrument. The results showed that charity activities effect on team identification (0.20), organizational identification (0.25) and purchase intentions (0.11). According to the results we are able to say that the football clubs, which help to solve the problems of society, can spread a kind of team and organizational identification among fans. This would enhance the sense of philanthropy in society and the future of the sport clubs.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, commonly well-known as CPR, is an emergency technique that includes chest compression often with artificial ventilation in an exertion to manually preserve complete brain task until additional measures are taken to return spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest. According to the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Guidelines, CPR includes chest compressions for adults between 5 cm (2.0 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in) deep and at a rate of at least 100 to 120 per minute. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is aimed to reverse vital organs as like as heart, lungs and for subsistence of patients. Several researches showed that different factors affect the resuscitation results. The current study was designed to assess the results of resuscitation and its association factors.
This retrospective, descriptive and analytic study was carried out in Baharloo Hospital, Tehran, Iran during March 2014 and February 2015. In current work, all resuscitated patients were imported and patients with uncompleted files and died before entrance to hospital were excluded. The data was obtained from medical records units, office files unit and the unit of quality improvement. Data were analyzed by use of SPSS version 22 (Armonk, NY, USA) software and Chi-square test and Student’s t-test.
From 891 patients, 813 cases were entered the study that 498 (61.3%) were male and 315 (38.7%) were female. 41.1% of resuscitation were successful and 58/9% were unsuccessful. The mean and standard deviation time of resuscitation was 28.80 and 12.6 minutes; the most frequent primary diagnosis was cardiovascular disease. In this study there was a significant difference between age and duration of the resuscitation with successful resuscitation (P= 0.02) but, in the variables of ward and resuscitation team were not significant (P> 0.05).
The results of this study showed that resuscitation in younger group, short duration of resuscitation and patients without heart diseases are more successful.

In this paper, a robust control law is proposed, based on Lyapunov’s theory and sliding mode control theory, in order to track the angle of attack in nonlinear longitudinal dynamics of a missile. It is assumed that there are unmatched uncertainties in the nonlinear systems. In the proposed algorithm, the controller gains are optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. For this purpose, a cost function is extracted from the output tracking error. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in the presence of unmatched uncertainties.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the policy of promotion of virtue and prevention of vice in decreasing the crime rate of unveilings by a case study of Hamadan.

The research method is a descriptive, comparative study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the experts in the field of culture and judiciary in 1394, of these, 144 subjects (90 men and 54 women) were selected as sample with the method of available sampling. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire. A total of 144 questionnaires were distributed to the statistical community in a format of 30 items. Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation test and SPSS software were used for data analysis .

The results of the four spectra (judges, students, clerics, enforcement officials) showed a significant level with respect to the obtained coefficients in which the lack of proper legislative policy (0.72), the cultural invasion was (0.65), and the lack of a deepening and teachings of religious values was (0.59), respectfully, are the most important factors in the tendency to disregard the religious hijab as a result of neglecting this legal establishment in society.

In this paper, we investigate the problem of model predictive control of pitch angle of a flexible launch vehicle using neural networks. We simulate motion of launch vehicle on the pitch plane by considering effects of flexibility. Aeroelstic effects are also modeled by adding elastic terms of the structure to state space control equations which completes the vehicle model. To control the vehicle, we use a model predictive controller which is based on a neural network. Basic notions of this controlling approach are presented and we explain how a neural network can be used for this purpose. Experimental results on synthetic data in Simulink environment demonstrates our approach is useful and effective and neural networks can be used to control a vehicle in a nonlinear, adaptive control setting.

Patients with life threatening diseases have to deal with the death issue. One of the common psychological problem is anxiety esp. death anxiety . This study aimed to determine the level of death anxiety in hemodialysis patients.
Material and This cross-sectional study was conducted on all 150 patients admitted to Panj-azar teaching hospital for hemodialysis, 2013. The data was collected by demographic checklist and Templer Death Anxiety questionnaire scoring 0 to 15 (0-6 for low, 7-9 for moderate and 10-15 for high anxiety). We analyzed the data by independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient (P Twenty-four point seven percent of the patients had low , 10% average and 65.3% of them had high death anxiety. Average scores of death anxiety in men and in women were 8.21±4.82 and 11.95±3.81, respectively. The relationship of death anxiety with sex (P

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection overall and the most common nosocomial infection among mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care units (ICUs). It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Considering the importance of prevention of VAP in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the critical care nurses’ knowledge of evidence-based guidelines for prevention of VAP. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 120 critical care nurses who worked in the ICUs of in Amol and Sari city in 2013, were evaluated. A three part self-reported questionnaire including personal information, multiple choice questions for evaluation of the nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence-based guidelines for prevention of VAP and questions about the barriers of implementing evidence-based practices regarding prevention of VAP in their wards were used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis (adjusted) using SPSS 20 software. The results of the present study have shown that among all of the participants, 14 (11.6%) were male and 106 (88.33%) were female, with mean±SD age of 32.45±6.11 and average work experience was 8.01±5.005 years. The lowest level of knowledge of nurses (0.5%) were about using endotracheal tubes with extra lumens for drainage of subglottic secretions and the highest level of their knowledge (92.5%) were about the appropriate position for reducing the incidence of VAP in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Regarding taking actions based on the evidence in the prevention of VAP, 57.5% of nurses stated that some of these actions are performed routinely in their workplace. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that with an increase of one year of work experience, nurse’s knowledge scores have been increased by 10%.Discussion & Considering the low level of nurses’ knowledge about evidence-based guideline in the prevention of VAP and its important role in this regard; allocation of resources and educational programs regarding evidence-based practice guideline for prevention of VAP and therefore changes of caring methods in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, can have an important role in the prevention of VAP in these patients.

Acinetobacter spp. are non-fermenting gram-negative coccobacilli that have emerged in recent three decades as major causes of nosocomial infections. Acinetobacter baumannii is the most common pathogen causing a wide spectrum of infections. Acinetobacter infections are difficult to treat, due to both the intrinsic resistance of the pathogen and its ability to readily acquire new resistance mechanisms. A total of 84 Acinetobacter strains isolated from clinical samples were identified at the species level by biochemical tests. Then their susceptibility to 23 antibiotics and synergism among some of them were determined using disk agar diffusion testing. Antibiogram results were interpreted by using CLSI standard tables. The highest rate of drug resistance (92-98%) was observed to ampicillin, cefpodoxime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Tigecycline, colistin and polymyxin B with the least resistance (3-14%) were identified as the most effective antibiotics. Non-fermentative bacteria such as Acinetobacter always are known as examples of drug-resistant bacteria. The results of the present study also indicate a high level of resistance to different antibiotics. Difference in the rates of Acinetobacter resistance to antibiotics based on geographical areas was observed.

In this paper, considering a half car model with 3-DOF, the effects of vehicle velocity, wheelbase, and the vibration parameters of the passenger seat on the statistical characteristics of the vehicle body and the seat responses are investigated. In the previous studies, 2-DOF model was generally used for vibration analysis of the vehicle under the road random excitation. However, science these models ignore the DOF corresponding to the seat, they are not suitable for ride comfort analysis. Here, in order to overcome this shortage and make it possible to study the ride comfort, considering an additional DOF for the seat, a half car 3-DOF model has been used. Moreover, in order to investigate the Root Mean Square Acceleration Response (RMSAR) of the vehicle body and the seat, a mathematical relation is proposed for the power spectral density (PSD) of the actual highway- type road excitation. Finally, by applying the proposed PSD, the ride comfort of a special passenger car (Samand) has been studied. The results show that the range of variations of RMSAR of the vehicle body and that of the seat are completely different from each other, and by choosing reasonable values for the stiffness and damping coefficients of the seat, one can improve the ride comfort.

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate yield and Verticillium resistance in cotton, 6 cultivars were studied as randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Estahban Research Station, during 2005 to 2006. Disease percent, the index and severity were determinated based on foliar symptoms.Results showed that Bakhtegan, 818 and B-557 had the least percent (20-29.38%),Severity (1.42-1.62) and index (32.13-45.69) of disease.On the other hand, Varamin had the most percent (%85.63), Severity (3.23) and index (278) of disease. Bakhtegan, 818 and B-557 were significantly differed of others in yield.

In this paper, demand liability insurance in Iran is estimated.Thus the importance and effect of variables such as national income per capita, Inflation rate and compensation liability insurance per capita , on demand of Liability insurance in Iran have been measured. Data is including all provinces and territories time period is 1386-1357(1978-2117). According to results the relationship between national income per capita and demand of liability insurance is positive and significant. With an increasing percentage of national income per capita, Liability insurance demand increasing 1/6 percent.This means that the liability insurance is luxury goods. Also relationship between per capita compensation and Liability insurance demand is positive and significant. With an increasing percentage of per capita compensation, Liability insurance demand increasing 1/24 percent. Furthermore, relationship between inflation and demand for insurance liability is negative and not significant.

Identification and confirmation of Clostridium septicum in isolated Clostridia from sheep-dung samples by PCR. Design: Laboratory study. Samples: Twenty eight Clostridia were isolated from 100 sheep-dung of Urmia. Procedure: Sheep-dung samples were collected and Clostridia isolated according to microbial tests. the DNA of isolates were extracted and used for PCR. PCR was performed by using designed primer for hemolysin gene (alpha toxin) of Cl.Septicurqx. A vaccine strain of Cl. Septicum and Cl.pefringenes types B, C and D were used as positive and negative control, respectively.

Six out of 28 isolates and also vaccine strain showed 270 bp band on agarose gel electrophoresis, suggesting conserved segment for hemolysin in Cl.septicutn. On the other hand, other isolates such as Clostridium fallax, Cl.perfringenes, Cl.novey B, Cl. bife rmentnas, Cl.c arnis, CI. Subterminale, Cl.rummosum, Cl. innoccum were negative.

Since the DNA fragment of 270-bp was not amplified for Cl.perfringens, Cl.novyi, Cl.fallax' Cl. innoccum, Cl. carnis, Cl. subtenninale, Cl.bifermentance and Cl.ramusum, thts condition confirmed specificity of this primer. Hence, PCR can be useful for rapid detection or identification of Cl.septicum in clinical or environmental samples.