محسن مهرشادیان

Patient satisfaction is one of the most important factors to improve the quality of educational centers thus increasing patient referral and promote practical training of the students. To now in this faculty no such study has been done, so this research aimed to evaluate patients’ satisfaction from dental care given in different departments of Tehran faculty of dentistry, Islamic Azad University year1387. In this cross sectional study 1500 subjects who referred consequently were selected from clinics with the same proportional ratio of patient referral to every clinic. After explanation of project to every subject through interview, satisfaction was estimated by 13 questions about distant way, waiting time, treatment duration ….with a range of 3 options of completely satisfied, relatively satisfied, dissatisfied and ranking of 0, 1, and 2. Total rank less than 1/3 was known as dissatisfied, between 1/3 – 2/3 as relatively satisfied, and higher than 2/3 as satisfied. The role of related factors was subjected to chi-square statistics. 71% of all subjects spoke out satisfaction, 27.5% were relatively satisfied, and 1.5% dissatisfied. The prevalence of dissatisfaction in the population was estimated from 26.7% to 31.3%.The most dissatisfaction was related to removable denture patients:64.7% and the least was in oral surgery clinic: 13.5% (p<0.05).The most dissatisfaction factor was long distance and waiting room ambiance but the least dissatisfaction was about student behavior, hygiene and professors behavior. The satisfaction level of patients in Tehran dental faculty of Islamic Azad University was acceptable but according to presence of dissatisfaction in patients and its consequences, appropriate improvements are recommended.

Considering the number of dental graduates and the increasing trend of their concerns and goals of the educational program, a lack of information about This, and its related problems, the aim of this study was to evaluate student opinions on academic curriculum the following dental schools: Tehran University ofShahidBeheshti Islamic Azad university andShahedUniversity, from2001 to 2005. Materialsand This cross – sectional study was conducted on all graduated students. All students were asked to fill out questionarre, stating their opinion of their academic curriculum, the questionarre included topics and 10 variables which wear classified into 5 categories of completely, Moderately, slightlyand insufficiently adequate. Related variables, including school of dentistry and personal attributes were also taken into consideration and chi،2 statestical test was utilized for date analysis. Out of 1481 cases of dental graduated, study was conducted on 662 person Results of realization was 12. 3%, 27. 4%, 33. 6%, 14. 9%, 11. 8% for complete, high medium low very low respectively and there are 60. 3% of non realization and in this study. the most non realization was about Basic Sciences (71. 8%) and insufficiency of requirement (71. 6%) rate of realization was different in the universities and female and single graduated (that living with her family had more non realization) It seems non realization of curriculum and its related problems are worrisome and necessary performance for reduction of these problemsis recommended.

For each and every graduate student the process of composing a thesis is the center part of training and education in research methodology. The content of such material becomes important when the research study turns into a manuscript which is submitted for publication in a journal of medical sciences. Deficiencies and drawbacks in terms of research methodology in student theses still remains a controversial issue. Due to lack of sufficient information concerning the accuracy of research methodology in student theses, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of research methodology in several aspects of student theses including: research variables, study population, sample size, sampling method and associated factors. The research was conducted on student theses in Islamic Azad University, school of Dentistry in 2007-2008. All presented theses from 09/23/2007 to 09/21/2008 in Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch were evaluated in this descriptive study. Based on 13 variables, aspects such as research variables, study population, sample size and sampling method were assessed for accuracy and classified into 3 categories (correct, relatively correct and incorrect). Information regarding associated factors including student specifications, related department and head researcher… were collected and entered into a data sheet. Each thesis was assessed for accuracy as follows: "correct: if more than 75% of variables were correct"; "relatively correct: if 50-75% of variables were correct"; "incorrect: if less than 50% of variables were correct". The role of associated factors was determined using chi-square statistical test. 137 student theses were evaluated. The rate of inaccuracy in research methodology of research variables, study population, sample size and sampling method was found to be 40.2%. Failure to justify the sample size was seen in 71% of the cases, incorrect organization of data sheet was reported in 53%, and not stating all the variables including new and compound variables was seen in 37% of theses. This study indicated that there are significant drawbacks in student theses which mandate proper steps to be taken to reduce the level of inaccuracies in research methodology. This will not only improve the validity of the research itself but will also provide reliable results to be applied to general population.

One of the most harmful factors which demolishes the quality of research is the prolong time intervals between study completion and article preparation, submission, acceptance and publication. The present study was conducted to determine the elapsed time between conducting the research and preparing the article, submission, acceptance and publication in a group of Dentistry Scientific and Research journals. For this cross sectional study, all eligible articles were surveyed according to their claimed times for carrying out the research, and the time intervals between article preparation and submission, acceptance and publication in month. According to Delphi Analysis, a research's delay will occur in either of the following situations: 1) the time consumed for conducting the research until its submission or the time interval between submission and acceptance takes more than 6 months, 2) the time interval between acceptance and publication takes more than 3 months. Finally, the association between research's delay and the following variables was determined: publisher, field of specialty, number of authors, references status (date, type, number of Persian references), and financial supporting organization. Totally, 5 journals and 474 articles were surveyed among which 39.5% were subjected for research's delay. A research's delay was noted for the time consumed for conducting the research until its submission (85%), the time interval between submission and acceptance (57.4%), and the time interval between acceptance and publication (19.4%). A research's delay was associated with publisher, number of Persian references, and older dated references. A research's delay is a serious concern among the aforementioned journals, hence, considering the recognized consequences of such delays, the required actions for shortening the intervals are requested.

For each and every graduate student the process of composing a thesis is the center part of training and education in research methodology. The content of such material becomes important when the research study turns into a manuscript which is submitted for publication in a journal of medical sciences. Deficiencies and drawbacks in terms of research methodology in student theses still remains a controversial issue. Due to lack of sufficient information concerning the accuracy of research methodology in student theses, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of research methodology in "materials and methods" part of student theses and associated factors. The research was conducted on student theses in Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch in 2007-2008.

All presented theses from 09/23/2007 to 09/21/2008 in Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch were evaluated in this descriptive study. The materials and methods aspect of the theses were assessed for accuracy based on 15 variables and classified into 3 categories (correct, relatively correct and incorrect). Information regarding associated factors including student specifications, related department and head researcher… were collected and entered into a data sheet. Each thesis was assessed for accuracy as follows: "correct: if more than 75% of variables were correct"; "relatively correct: if 50-75% of variables were correct"; "incorrect: if less than 50% of variables were correct". The role of associated factors was determined using chi-square statistical test.

137 student theses were evaluated. The rate of inaccuracy in research methodology of materials and methods was found to be 30.6%. Not reporting the reliability of the instrument measurement was seen in 79% of the cases. 71% of the authors failed to justify the sample size and 25% used incorrect statistical tests for data analysis.

This study indicated that there are significant deficiencies in methods and materials section of student written theses which requires proper steps to be taken to reduce the level of inaccuracies in research methodology. This will not only improve the validity of the research itself but will also prevent erroneous results from being presented to the public.

According to the importance of fluoride in water based on “DMFT” and 2 other reports which indicates that Spectrophotometeric method for measurement the fluoride water can not show the real amount of flouride, Potentiometer seems to be better than Spectrophotometer. To compare these two methods for measuring the amount of flouride, this research carried out in organic chemistry laboratory of Tehran University between 2006 and 2007. In this descriptive study, after obtaining the distilled water, they were prepared in 7 groups with 0, 0.35, 0.67, 0.7, 1, 1.2, 1.5 ppm of fluoride in 14 polyethylene containers and 2 samples were prepared from each type. In following, half of them were measuerd by standard spectrophotometer method (with the use of visible instrument in the same wave length, amount of light coefficient with standard solutions). Using standard solutions of 10ˉ¹ M up to 10ˉ 5 M fluoride in the other half of samples, the calibration curve according to the findings was drawn. By studying the potentiometer amounts of samples and compare them with calibration curve, sample density were found. At the end, findings were changed to ppm. Therefore, the amount of fluoride in water were determined and the difference to the real fluoride in samples in each method were indicated. This difference in each method was calculated by paired-t test, whereas Mann-Whitney U test evaluated two groups with each other. The research studied 14 water samples with real fluoride of 0.77±0/58. In spectrophotometer method the fluoride amount was 0.99±0/58 with the difference of 0/82± 0.23 from real amount (P<0.5). In potentiometer this amount was 0.77±0/52 with the difference of 0.02±0. 01. (P<0.4). Amount of fluoride in spectrophotometer is 19.5% higher than potentiometer. Potentiometer method is better than spectrophotometer for indicating the fluoride in water and this method is, therefore, recommended

Concering the importance of clinical education and its impact on health andoral hygiene in society and students opinion about the quality of this education in universities, this research implemented on students of dentistry faculty of Islamic azad university of Tehran in school year 2007-2008.Methods and Material : This cross sectional study was done by collecting a list of students term 12 and upper. The number of these students during the period of research was one hundred. We investigated their opinion about the quality of clinical education. clinical education totally include 81 indexes for 11 sections and determined according educational curriculum of dentistry wich approved by health ministry. in each index we investigated students opinion by three choice of good, intermediate, and weak. in this research the related elements in clued sex, marital status, degree of interest, total average to this end and etc. acquired data presented by descriptive statistics and determined the role of related elements with chi – 2 test and calculated the amount of O.R. This study applied on 100 person. in students point of view, about 10 percent of education quality was good, about 76 percent and 14 percent was respectively, intermediate and weak. Best quality of education was related to Endo department with 61 percent and after that Opprative dentistry with 51 percent and after that orthodontics with 82 percent intermediate and weak. students who reported low the quality of education was mostly female with inter mediate and weak intrest and they are unemployed in dentistry services department. the quality of clinical education is low in students opinion and you should worry about this subject. Concerning the classical complication, we request proper attention to the reasons low quality of education in some department s.