فهرست مطالب محسن یعقوبی

Lipid profile changes and increased vascular resistance are among the most important cardiovascular risk factors in old age. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in water on the lipid profile and plasma levels of endothelin 1 in elderly men with prehypertension.

34 elderly men with prehypertension were randomly divided into two equal groups of exercise in water and control (N=17). Before and after the intervention, blood sampling was done to measure lipid indices and plasma levels of endothelin 1. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data, as well as the correlated t-test and the independent t-test respectively was used to check intragroup changes and intergroup differences at a significance level of less than 0.05.

In the training group, fat percentage (P=0.03), weight (P=0.01), body mass index (P=0.01), blood pressure (P=0.001), TG (P=0.00), cholesterol (01 (P=0.02), LDL (P=0.02) and plasma levels of endothelin 1 (P=0.002) had a significant decrease compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in the HDL index of the two groups.

Water exercise, while improving lipid indices, led to a decrease in endothelin-1 levels. It seems that according to the physical conditions of the elderly, performing aerobic exercises in water as a substitute for exercises on land has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular risk indicators of the elderly with high blood pressure; Based on this, experts in the field of sports should pay special attention to this type of exercises in designing sports exercises for the elderly.

It seems that during resistance exercises, the release of some growth factors has different effects on the activation of satellite cells (SCs) and myogenic regulatory factors as well as the development of strength and muscle mass. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training on the serum levels of FGF6 and MyoD and its relationship with muscle strength in middle-aged men and women. In this semi-experimental study, 40 randomly selected middle-aged men and women from Arak city (age: 38.27±6.03 years, weight: 77.12±11.28 kg, height: 174.05±7.24 cm) were chosen. They were placed in two experimental groups (n: 30) and control (n: 10). The training program included 12 weeks of resistance training in 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 65-80% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Then, 48 hours before and after the intervention, the serum concentration of FGF-6 and MyoD was measured by the ELISA method, and after checking the normality of the data, t-test and independent t-test were used to check intra-group and inter-group changes, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to check the relationship between variables at a significance level of p<0.05. Resistance training increased mean maximal strength (P=0.008), serum FGF6 concentration (P=0.002), serum MyoD concentration (P=0.001) and also decreased fat percentage (P=0.021) of the subjects. In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between the mean maximum strength (1RM) and the serum concentration of FGF6 (r=0.624 and P=0.001) and MYoD (r=0.434 and P=0.001) of the training group. Considering the importance of resistance training in the elderly and the relationship between the plasma levels of FGF6 and MYoD with strength development, it is suggested that sports experts pay special attention to the necessity of resistance training in the design of various sports exercises.

Nurses who are at the forefront of the health system and have one of the most challenging jobs, experience high levels of risk and emotional conflict due to the fact that they often face stressful situations, which more likely reduce their job satisfaction and organizational commitment that eventually leads to quit their jobs. The purpose of the current research was to provide a comprehensive and clear overview of psychological contract research and finally recommended research directions for future researchers to fill research gaps. Psychological contract is defined as the employees' beliefs and perceptions about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange agreement between them and the organization. Psychological contract is important in labor relations and is shaped based on the attitudes and behaviors of the various parties to the contract.

A systematic search was conducted in international and domestic databases in Azar 1400. Following the protocols of the proposed tools for systematic review and inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 22 articles were selected for analysis.

Total of 22 articles were identified from 1999 to 2021, of which 14 were conducted in the last seven years. The number of samples varied from 10 nurses for interviews to 1039 nurses through online questionnaires. All records were cross-sectional of which 16 were quantitative, 5 were qualitative and one used combined method. Nurses' psychological contracts were divided into three general themes. The first theme focused on the process of formation and development of psychological contract. The second theme focused on identifying the content and nature of these contracts. The third theme focused on the process of fulfilling and breach of the psychological contract. The results showed that despite the growing interest and effort of published research on nurses and psychological contracts, and despite recognizing that the concept of psychological contracts is a valuable theoretical framework to understand nurses' experiences and how to better manage hospitals, yet there is a lot of information about nurses' psychological contracts that future papers should study.

Moreover, as cross-sectional approach was the only used method so far, it is suggested to do longitudinal designs in future studies. In a cross-sectional study, it cannot be said with certainty that the effective factors unilaterally affect the fulfillment or breach and there is no inverse relationship. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the process of formation, development, content, fulfillment and breach of nurses' psychological contracts can be noted in future studies.

Different sport exercises may have different effects on the control and treatment of diabetes. The aim of this review was to analyze the recent studies related to the effect of different sports activities on the indicators related to type 2 diabetes.

Persian and Latin databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Magiran and SID were searched using the keywords, including exercise training, resistance training, high-intensity interval training, diabetes, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, aerobic training and combined training to retrieve published papers during 2010-2022.

In total, out of 140 papers in the initial screening, 35 papers were finally reviewed. Aerobic exercises and especially high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may have faster effects in the process of controlling and reducing blood sugar in patients, however, the positive effects of resistance exercises remain for a longer period.

The beneficial effects of various types of sport exercises in controlling the glycemic indices of patients with type 2 diabetes have been proven. However, the present study showed that the beneficial effects of resistance exercises compared to endurance exercises can last for a longer period. Thus, it is suggested that sport medicine experts should pay attention to the importance of the type and form of sport exercises when presenting exercise programs to patients.

During recent decades, physical activity has become a key auxiliary tool in controlling many diseases, including diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on the plasma levels of preptin and endothelin 1 in men with type 2 diabetes.

The current research is semi-experimental. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 38 men with type 2 diabetes, who were randomly divided into two groups of 19 experimental and control. Subjects in the experimental group performed 8 weeks of resistance training three sessions a week with moderate intensity. 24 hours before and after 8 weeks of training, plasma levels of preptin, endothelin 1, and indicators related to type 2 diabetes were measured by the ELISA method. Correlated t-tests and independent t-tests were used to examine intra-group changes. SPSS software was used to analyze the data (P≥ 0.05).

Correlated t results showed that plasma levels of preptin and insulin resistance index (P= 0.001) as well as plasma endothelin 1 (P= 0.001) decreased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test of the experimental group. has been found Also, the independent t-test results showed that the plasma levels of preptin, insulin resistance index (P= 0.001) and endothelin 1 (P= 0.002) were significantly lower in the post-test of the experimental group compared to the control.

According to the obtained results, it seems that doing resistance exercises improves glucose sensitivity by reducing preptin and reducing the possibility of blood pressure by reducing endothelin 1 in preople with type 2 diabetes.

In order to face external pressures and sanctions, resistance economy was introduced as an effective strategy by the leader of the revolution as an approach that can guarantee the consistency and strength of the internal structure of the country. In the current research, in the framework of the principles and foundations of resistance economy, it was tried to extract and explain the components of resistant people based on the leader`s sayings. With regard to the goal, the research method is qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The results show that, based on the statements of the leadership, for stability and resistance for establishing the principles of resistance economy, the model of a resistant man consists of four main categories and eight sub-categories, including belief (piety and trust), cognitive (insight and independent identity), psychological (self-confidence and hope for the future) and behavioral (avoidance of extravagance, persistence). Strengthening these categories in the individual layers of society can help to institutionalize the components of resistance economy.

Psychological contract is defined as the belief of employees about the extent to which the organization adheres to its commitments in employment relationships. The mechanism that explains the relationship between the fulfillment of various types of psychological contracts (transactional, relational and ideological) and behavioral outcomes, has received less attention so far. Therefore, based on the social exchange theory and positive norm of reciprocity, the conceptual model of the present study was formed. This paper focused on the mediating role of employee engagement in the relationship between fulfilment of psychological contract (PC) types and outcome behaviors (i.e., organization citizenship behavior, counter-productive behavior). The sample of this cross-sectional study included hospital nurses (N=338) in Iran. First, the measurement model of study was confirmed using Amos package and then Macro PROCESS v.4 in SPSS which is based on bootstrapping method, was used to analyze the data and investigate the mediation variable. The results confirmed the mediating role of employee engagement in the link between fulfillment of all three types of PC and both outcome behaviors. The results and research suggestions taken from the results are provided at the end.

Psychological contracts are defined as employees' beliefs and perceptions of implicit and explicit obligations in working relationships with the organization. The aim of this study was to discover the content of psychological contracts of public hospital nurses.

A qualitative study is needed to properly understand the content of nurses' psychological contracts. The required data were collected from semi-structured interviews and with emphasis on the lived experience of nurses in public hospitals. In this regard, participants were selected using purposive sampling method and snowball technique and 19 interviews were conducted to ensure theoretical saturation.

Findings showed that psychological contracts in nurses included 3 main themes (transaction-based, relation-based and value-based) and 14 sub-themes. Transaction-based contracts included five sub-themes: good work climate, fair payment, non-work problems, workplace safety, and a peaceful environment. Relation-based contracts included five sub-themes: decision-making permission, superior support, job challenge, promotion opportunity, and job security. Value-based contracts included four sub-themes: fulfillment of individual values, fulfillment of collective values, fulfillment of educational values and fulfillment of moral values.

Conclusion:

 Findings showed that psychological contract of nurses with two themes (transactional and relational) is not comprehensive and nurses had very important values ​​beyond personal and organization interests, which were related to the nature of the nursing profession, and these values are reflected in the value-based psychological contract. As a result, in order to increase organizational commitment and job satisfaction and reduce nurses' turnover, it is necessary to pay attention to the content of all three types of psychological contract.

 Today, the consumption of caffeinated beverages such as coffee has increased among athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of consuming two different doses of coffee on fluid balance, electrolytes and VO2max in active men.

In quasi-experimental studies, 54 trained men (Age: 20.89±1.31 y; Weight: 70.10±8.43 kg; Height: 174.7±5.65 cm; VO2max: 52.16±5.99 ml/kg/min) were randomly selected and  divided  into three equal groups (N=18). All subjects consumed equal amounts of 3 cups of coffee per day for 5 days (balancing stage), on the sixth and seventh day (test stage) subjects of three groups consumed 0, 3 and 8 cups of coffee per day (equivalent to 0, 258 and 688 mg caffeine per day, respectively). with no other dietary caffeine intake, for 7 days. Before and after the intervention, subjects 'body weight was measured, blood samples were taken to examine blood factors, and subjects' VO2max was assessed using the Fox protocol. The measuring of indices changes in subject's body fluids, electrolytes and VO2max in 3 levels of controlled coffee ingesting, were analyzed by multivariate test (MANOVA) and Tukey post hoc in (P≤0.05).

Percent plasma volume changes in ingestion level of 0 (cup / day) was increased significantly (P = 0.013), compared to ingestion level of 3 (cup / day). The mean body weight of subjects at the ingestion level of 0 (cup / day) showed a significant increase (P = 0.001), compared to the other two levels. Concentration of the serum sodium at the ingestion level of 3 (cup / day) showed a significant increase (P≤0.05), compared to the other two levels. There was no changes in the concentration of serum potassium between different levels of caffeine ingestion. Estimated VO2max in the two forms of absolute and relative at the ingestion level of 8 (cup / day), showed a significant decrease (P= 0.003) compared to the other two levels .

Consumption of coffee in different doses reduces body fluids, increases serum sodium concentration and possibly increases sodium excretion and decreases VO2max in active people. Accordingly, considering the importance of maintaining body fluids on the performance of athletes, it seems that coaches and sports professionals have the necessary care in the amount or time of consumption of this drink.

Psychological contract plays a pivotal role in defining employee-organization relationships. Given the complex concept of psychological contracts, and the existence of scattered and diverse information on how to form and develop, and identify the contents of nurses 'psychological contracts in previous research, in this study, the concept of nurses' psychological contract is systematically reviewed and research gaps are identified. To further clarify the concept of psychological contracts research recommendations will be presented to future researchers.

This systematic review conducted from January 6th to January 22, 2022, by searching the keywords separately in the abstract, keywords and titles of the articles in the valid domestic and international databases. Using the proposed case protocols for systematic and meta-analytic review studies, 3124 studies were initially reviewed, which at the end, according to the entry and exit criteria of cross-sectional evaluation tool, 9 papers were entered into the qualitative analysis process.

Various factors such as mutual obligations of employer and nurses, providing support and supportive obligations of employer, type of corporate social responsibility, perceived organizational support, job demands and job resources, methods of attracting nurses (permanent vs temporary contract) and nurses 'expectations play a role in the formation and development of nurses' psychological contracts. Nurses create psychological contracts with their organization through transactional, relational, and ideological types. Various forces, including patients, managers, peers, and colleagues, are involved in creating and shaping psychological contract contents.

Most of the information so far is about the process of formation and development, and the content of transactional and relational psychological contract. Information about the ideological contracts of nurses is very limited and the role of various factors in the process of formation and development of these contracts is unclear. It is also recommended future studies consider the role of time concerning the form and development of various psychological contract contents.

Old age is always associated with inactivity, obesity and many physical, mental and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in water on body composition and quality of life of overweight elderly men.

In this quasi-experimental study, 34 elderly (mean age: 66±4 years old) and overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) men were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups of water training (n=17) and control (n=17).  The exercise program included aerobic exercise in water with an intensity of 45 to 65% of maximum heart rate for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the training period, body composition indicators, as well as the quality of life of the elderly, were evaluated according to the questionnaire of The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)

Exercise in water significantly reduced fat percentage (P£0.03), weight (P£0.01), body mass index (P£0.01) and waist to hip ratio (P£0.001) in overweight elderly men. These exercises also significantly increased the quality of life (P£0.01). In addition to the overall quality of life score, its sub-components including physical health (P£0.05), mental health (P£0.03), social relations (P£0.00) and environmental health (P£0.01) were also improved.

8 weeks of aerobic exercise in water can improve anthropometric parameters, increase quality of life and physical health in overweight elderly men. Therefore, these exercises can be recommended by sports and health experts to these people.

The prevailing traditional situation and the lack of entrepreneurial approach imposes a serious problems in public sector organizations in Iran. In order to compete with other organizations, these organizations need talented and entrepreneurial employees to deliver the best services to the customers. The purpose of this study is to design a talent management framework through entrepreneurial culture in public service organizations in Sistan & Baluchestan province. This is a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 15 senior managers and experts from several selected organizations, selected by purposive sampling method by in-depth semi-structured interviews using the snowball method. Acceptance criteria were used to confirm the scientific validity of the results in the qualitative section. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis method resulting in 96 primary codes, 25 sub-themes and 8 main themes. The statistical population of the quantitative section consisted of all employees proposed by these organizations, whose sample was selected purposively. Data were collected through the distribution of a researcher-made questionnaire in a sample of 84 people, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed by SmartPLS software. The results revealed that the proposed framework was significantly valid. The proposed framework provides a valuable map for moving toward the desired state of talent management with an entrepreneurial culture approach.

The COVID-19 outbreak and stay-at-home orders can cause many physical and psychological problems in the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise at home on various aspects of quality of life, blood pressure and abdominal obesity indicators in older men during the COVID-19 quarantine.

In this quasi-experimental study, 20 men (65.20±5.35 years) were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (n= 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The experimental group performed resistance training for 8 weeks (two sessions per week). At the beginning and end of the training period, abdominal obesity, blood pressure and quality of life of the elderly were assessed and measured according to a questionnaire of the World Health Organization. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of data distribution, as well as independent t-test and paired t-test were applied to analyze the data between groups and within groups at a significance level of P<0.05.

Eight-week resistance training at home significantly increased the quality of life, and its components including physical health, mental health, social relationships and environmental health (P≤0.05). Abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference, waist to height ratio and fat percentage also decreased significantly (P≤0.05).

According to the results of the present study, this type of exercise can be suggested to sports specialists and trainers as a suitable training method for the health of the elderly during quarantine.

Fall of Sasanian Empire, in addition to political results, had also extensive social, economic and cultural results that influenced Zoroastrian society in the first Islamic centuries. Many reflections of these changes would be studied in post-Sasanian texts which instruct different teachings in order to maintain solidarity and inner unity from pathological viewpoint. Many of teachings were influenced by apocalyptic texts that were the focus of attention. Assuming that apocalyptic Zoroastrian contents, had different teachings in religious, political, social, cultural and economic fields in the first Islamic centuries, this paper aims to study the contents in post-Sasanian texts and apocalyptic attitudes of Zoroastrian religion in different fields with descriptive-analytical method.

Patients with heart problems usually suffer from sleep disorders due to the course of the disease. One of the methods for treating sleep disorders is the use of aromatherapy.

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare effects of aromatherapy with orange and Citrus aurantium extracts on sleep quality in patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted in the CCU.

This clinical trial study was performed on 90 patients. The specimens were divided into three groups of aromatic herbal extracts with orange extract, Citrus aurantium extract and control group. The two groups underwent the treatment with these two extracts. In the control group only the usual care was taken. The data gathering tool was a SMHSQ questionnaire and a demographic profile form. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The mean sleep quality score in the two intervention groups was significantly lower than the control group (P= 0.0008). However, the mean score of sleep quality in the two groups of aromatherapy was not significant (P= 0.082).

The aromatherapy of orange extract and Citrus aurantium improves sleep quality in patients. Each of the extracts can also affect the next dimension of the quality of sleep, which can be used as a topical scent.

The purpose of this research is to provide a basic model for a Talent Management System (TMS). In the present study, by conducting a systematic review and critisizing talent management models, it is tried to provide a fundamental theoretical model that be suitable for all organizations with any structure. The findings of the research showed that TMS should include at least three key items of attraction & selection, training & development and retaining.

Talented employees are key sources of success and the power of competitive advantage in any organization. Therefore, many organizations are focused on hiring, developing and retaining them. Retention and managing the talents help companies succeed and play a key role in retaining market leadership and development. In recent years, various models of talent management have been presented, most of which, show merely an ideal talent management condition regardless of the actual circumstances of the organization. Therefore, it seems necessary to develop a comprehensive conceptual model and do an overview of existing talent management research.  Therefore, a comprehensive and extensive literature review of talent management is developed.  Moreover, there is no consensus among academics on definition of talent and talent management. According to the literature review, we define talent as follows: “A person with specific abilities (knowledge, skills, experience) who is committed to his or her job and helps the organization achieve its goals.” Talent management is “identifying key posts and analyzing the talent gap to meet the shortage of labor market demand and then the process of recruiting and selecting, training and developing, and retaining current and future employees”.

In this research, a systematic review is done and models of talent management are studied and a fundamental theoretical pattern for organizations with any type of structure is presented. For this purpose, to identify and extract papers, systematic review was limited to two databases, including Scopus and The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Both databases have reliable sources and are used in a large number of studies. Then, through a systematic review, studies that focused on the design of a talent management model (2006–2018) and had a non-empirical or semi-empirical nature were extracted and reviewed. Therefore, theses, editor's notes, book chapters and books were not included in this review. Due to a common process, conference papers were also ignored. In this research, the term "talent management" was used for systematic review. In total, the articles related to the study of talent management design consisted of 37 articles, 31 of which were removed due to overlap (similar items), finally the talent management model based on 6 articles, all of which were published in the most prestigious international journals, were selected.

According to the research findings, each of the talent management models had a number of shortcomings, including not mentioning some dimensions and components of talent management (i.e. recruitment and selection, training and development, maintenance, evaluation, gap analysis and where do the organizations select the talents they needed) in some of the models. Moreover, in some papers, they focused on talented people and ignored other employees. Based on the research findings, the organization's sensitive positions must firstly be identified and qualifications be matched to these positions. Then, it is suggested to evaluate the talents inside the organization and outside the organization and provide a pool of the talents needed by organization. After the talent pool is formed, the organization will provide the right people with the key posts from the talent pool. Likewise, in designing a talent management systems’ map for the organization, all three key components of talent management model (i.e. recruitment and selection, training and development, and retention) should be considered and emphasized in HR planning. Finally, it is suggested to organizations in different industries to focus their attention on providing the conditions and improving these components.

The purpose of the present study was to design a talent management system model in Gas Company of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) was selected as the research method. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of managers and supervisors and the research data was gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 individuals. The data were analyzed using the grounded theory method and 185 primitive codes, 53 concepts and 18 categories were extracted. The statistical population in the quantitative section consisted of all employees and sampling method was stratification. According to the variance as the dispersion criterion, the sample size estimated 209. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by partial least squares method. The results showed that the final template has the necessary validity. This template provides an appropriate framework for moving to the ideal state of talent management.

Abstract Early Islamic centuries (1st to 3rd A.H) are significant in every scholarly study of different periods in Iranian history due to their intense transformation and profound developments within the Iranian society and also the encounter of Zoroastrian and Islamic worldviews and different methods of resistance against Arab domination. Zoroastrianism, as a religion, lost its dominant position and was gradually replaced by Islam. Thus, maintaining the integrity of Zoroastrian society became the main concern of the Zoroastrian priests, which can evidently be witnessed in apocalyptic texts of Zoroastrian faith. Accordingly, resistance against Arab invaders lost its initial violence and political fervor and took in a new momentum in the form of maintaining the integrity of Zoroastrian religion and society and concentration on the doomsday and spiritual salvation. Zoroastrian apocalyptic texts contained teachings that tried to adapt different fields of life in Iranian society facing spread of Islam and the Arab domination of Iran. Although the history of these texts returns to oral narratives before Sasanians, but after the transition of Iranian society from oral literature to Sasanian writing literature and the compilation of Zoroastrian texts in Islamic period, the writing of apocalyptic texts also became important. By reviewing these texts, it would be possible to find out important political and social changes of Iranian society in the first Islamic centuries. Within this framework, the rise of non-Zoroastrian Iranian movements during the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.H against the Caliphate were deemed as a dangerous heresy and a serious challenge to Zoroastrian social identity and were vehemently criticized in Zoroastrian apocalyptic texts. In other words, in the condition that there was no hope for Zoroastrian government to be restored, the preservation of the religious integrity of the people became a concern for the Zoroastrian clergy that became an apocalyptic cultural model, which was threatened by political and religious movements such as Behāfarīd, Abu Muslim and Bābak uprisings (that had a sectarian or non-Zoroastrian nature) in addition to the Arabs and the caliphate. Since these texts were written and analyzed at the same time as political events, it can be said that apocalyptic literature has been partly indicative of the reaction of Zoroastrian society to its events. In the other words, the suppression of local sustainability along the lack of belief of society towards the fall of Sasanian provided the necessary grounds for the emergence of apocalyptic literature and its related teachings. These teachings opposed all political and religious actions which were challenging for Zoroastrians in order to preserve their social identity in that difficult and complicated condition. Regardless of the social, political, and religious aspects of the movements, their leaders sought to combine the ideas of ancient religion in order to gain support of different groups of people who were incompatible from religious point of view. But this led to their defeat and the emergence of numerous religious and political sects, which themselves were the heritage of contradictions and enhanced intellectual and cultural tensions. From the point of view of the Zoroastrian apocalyptic texts, these movements were not only in the interest of the national and religious interests of the Zoroastrian community, but also threatened their coherence and integrity. The emergence of such movements, especially in the second and third centuries A.H, showed that despite the emphasis of the Zoroastrian clergy on the refusal of the Zoroastrians to cooperate with them, a wide range of society, hoping to escape Arab domination or to improve its economic conditions and social status accompanied these movements. Regardless of the political results of the movements, which often failed, its harmful consequences in the vulnerability of Zoroastrian community's unity and solidarity should be mentioned. In apocalyptic Zoroastrian texts, the leaders of these movements, such as Abu Muslim and Bābak, were condemned and their uprising was mentioned as apocalyptic catastrophe. On the other hand, the beliefs of the followers of Abu Muslim and Bābak as the promised saviors shows domination of apocalyptic thoughts in Iranian society in that period. On the other words, viewpoint of some Iranians towards Abu Muslim, Bābak and other leaders of movements against caliphate as religious leaders and promised saviors, was influenced by apocalyptic concepts of Zoroastrianism such as expectation and emergence of a savior. This paper aims to study the evolutions in the first Islamic centuries from Zoroastrian world-view in Iranian society, applying written evidence from 11th century (A.D), with descriptive and analytical method.

 
Talent management can be described as the process through which organizations anticipate their talents needs and is the critical factor in the success of organizations, as well as one of the most important and challenging challenges of human capital in the 21st century which has a growing trend. Despite many studies of talent management in recent years, existing knowledge about this concept is limited in countries with developing economies. On the other hand, most articles in this field are conceptual and few empirical studies have been done. As a result, investigating talent management using an empirical approach, in a private context (Khash Cement Company), is important that the present study addresses.
One of the ways organizations use to maintain talents is the creation of cohesion and communication between the workforce in the organization, which in the field of management and social science is called social capital. In the absence of social capital, other assets of the organization, including human capital, loses its effectiveness and rushes through the paths of cultural and economic development, ruggedness and difficulty.
In this research, the role of social capital in improving talent management is experimentally investigated.
Theoretical framework
Social capital values people's relationships and often this logical relationship is lost in HR management. It is expected that social relationships will enhance identity and cognition, and network structures will facilitate the talent management process in the organization. Considering the existing models related to talent management, in this research, the following dimensions are considered as components of talent management (Ahmadi et al., 2012): Recruitment, The system of evaluation and discovery of talents, Development and improvement, Retention. Moreover, social capital consisted three dimensions named: relational, cognitive, and structural (Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998) The research method is applied and the technique of data analysis is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Khash Cement Factory, which was 274 people. According to Morgan table, 160 people were selected by simple random sampling.
Data Analysis and In this research, the second-generation method of structural equation modeling (e.g. partial least squares method (PLS)) is used.
Fittness of measurement model
Fit the model is examining the difference between the proposed model and the actual model. In order to measure the fittness of the model, factor loadings of the measurement model were first calculated and all were more than 0.5 that are suitable.
1) Cronbach's alpha and Combined Reliability
The PLS method uses a more modern benchmark than alpha, known as Combined Reliability (CR). The values for both criteria in this study was higher than 0.7, which indicates that the model is reliable.
2) Convergent Validity
The second criterion is fitness of measurement model. This criterion (AVE) represents the average of the variance shared between each structure with its own indices, and the greater the correlation, the greater is the fitness. The mean value of the extracted variance (AVE) is always greater than 0.5 and the combined value of the combined reliability (CR) is greater than AVE, so convergent validity is also confirmed.
3) Divergent Validity
The third measurement criterion of fitting of the measurement model is discriminant validity. It uses correlation matrix (Fornell-Larcker). This matrix is the ratio of a structure to its indexes in comparison of its structure with other structures. This matrix has acceptable divergent validity if the numbers in the original diameter are greater than the values below its original diameter. The results of this matrix confirmed the suitable divergent validity.
Fittness of the structural model
1)Z significant coefficients (t-values)
The first criterion for measuring the relationship between structures is in the significant t-values. Significant coefficients indicate whether the research hypotheses are meaningful or not? Path coefficients of the variables are outside the absolute magnitude range of 1.96, so at the level of 95% confidence, the relationships between the variables is significant and research hypotheses are confirmed.
2)R2 criterion
A measure used to connect the measurement part and the structural part of the structural equation modeling and indicates the effect that an exogenous variable has on an intrinsic variable. Except two dimensions (evaluation and absorption), R2 values were above 0.67 that are considered strong.
3)Q2 criterion
This criterion, determines the predictive power of the model in the model's intrinsic structures. The values of this criterion for most variables are higher than 0.35 and represent the strong predictive power of the model.
Overall Model fit (The goodness of Fit (GOF))
In Partial Least Squares, this criterion is the most important index of model fit, and by this criterion, the fit of the general model of structural equations is controlled.
The results show that the value of this criterion is higher than 0.36 which indicates the overall and robust fit of the model (the success of the model tested in the prediction of latent variables).
Testing research hypotheses
After reviewing the fitting of the structural and overall measurement model, the researcher is allowed to test the hypotheses and report the research findings.
Discussion and The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital in talent management systems in Khash Cement Company. The role of social capital as a influential factor for describing the relative success of the companies is confirmed by a large number of scientists. The results of this research also show that the improvement of social capital in the organization influences the development of talent management process. The existence of social capital in an organization and the effective interaction among individuals will improve talent management (attraction, assessment and discovery of talent, development, training, and retention).
However, to generalize the results of talent management studies from one country or context to another, it is necessary to pay attention to conditions such as economical and social circumstances

The sequence stratigraphic studies can be of great help in understanding and analysis of sedimentary basins. For this purpose, Oligo-Miocene sediments (Razak and Asmari formations) at the Tang-e-Abdi section (southern flank of Ahmadi anticline) located in Fars province was selected and investigated. The Asmari Formation overlies paraconformably on the Jahrum Formation, and it is overlain by the Razak Formation. The lithologic column of this section includes a succession of the Jahrum (10m), Asmari (35m) and Razak (172.5m) formations, and consists mainly of limestone, argillaceous limestone, marl, sandstone, conglomerate, shale and dolomitic deposits. Totally, 84 samples were investigated, and their age is suggested as Late Eocene for the Jahrum Formation to Rupelian for the Asmari sediments, and Rupelian to Aquitanian for the Razak Formation based on the benthic foraminiferal stratigraphic distribution. The microfacies studies were led to recognition of four facies belts including tidal flat, lagoon, sand shoals and open marine. According to field & laboratory studies, four sequences and sequence boundaries were recognized. Two sequence boundaries are of type one and the other two are of type II sequence boundaries.