فهرست مطالب محمد حسن زاده محمود آباد

Innovation is one of the most important means of companies' competitiveness, which, if appropriate infrastructures are provided, can lead to economic growth of countries through scientific and technological development. In this study, the impact of the number of patents as one of the most important measures of innovation on the economic growth of selected developed and developing countries during the period of 2000-2020 has been analyzed with a panel data approach. Experimental results show that, taking into account control variables, innovation has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in developed and developing countries. The comparison of the impact of innovation in the two studied groups shows that in developing countries that have a lower level of innovation, the effect of innovation on economic growth is greater than in developed countries. Based on this, supporting innovation, intellectual property rights and strengthening institutions related to the national innovation system in order to strengthen and extend innovation as one of the basic factors of economic growth should be considered in national planning

This paper examines the time effect and severity of UN and US sanctions on the misery index in 41 countries under sanctions during 1991-2018 using new unbalanced composite data and the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method. The estimation results of time effects of UN and US sanctions show that there is no time effect in relation to the effect of sanctions on the misery index, so that the passage of time has no increasing or decreasing effect of sanctions on the misery index. Moreover, the estimation results of the severity effects of UN and US sanctions on the misery index indicate that the imposition of the mild and moderate UN sanctions, while influencing positively the misery index, has no significant effect on the misery index; however, severe UN sanctions has significant positive effect on the misery index. In addition, the imposition of moderate sanctions by the United States has no significant effect on the misery index, but mild and severe US sanctions, have positive and significant effects on increasing the misery index by average coefficients of 3.20 and 12.14, respectively. Generally, the impact of UN multilateral sanctions on the misery index has been greater than of US unilateral sanctions.

The organizational religiosity and spirituality are two important concepts in public organization in Iran. The present study examines the effect of these two variables on accountability. The research population consists of 230 employees in Government Office of Ardabil, among whom 140 employees were selected by simple random sampling; also, LISREL was used for analyzing data and testing the model. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational religiosity and spirituality, and accountability. Organizational spirituality affects and reinforces the relationship between religiosity and accountability. Among various dimensions of religiosity, the dimension of belief, and among dimensions of spirituality, the dimension of enjoyment in work, have the most effects on the accountability of the employees. Finally, some implications are presented for developing and using organizational religiosity and spirituality for prompting the accountability of employees.

The present research regards the Relationship among the Net Profit, Cach from Operations, Earning Before Interest and Tat (EBIT), Economic Value Added with creaded wealth for stockholder’s and so evaluate the validity of these indetes in Tehran’s stock exchange.
Population of this research contains the companies accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange that 73 of these companies have been choosen. Time zone in this research contains five years from 2005-2009 provided by financial statements. In order to testing the hypo thesis of the research, measurement the changes in the year (t) in compare with year (t-1) is inevitable, thus for measuring some of the varibles, the information o the years 2004 have been applied. Information required for the test was collected and then regression test was used to study the relationship Among Indexes and market value.
Result of the research shows that economic value added (EVA) after the net profit is an appropriate index for predicting the created shareholder value (CSV) and it is able to show holders that to what extent the management has been involved in their wealth. Another result of this research is that accounting indexes used up to now are not sufficient and confronting with increased challenges at capital markets and owners they win not be appropriated indicatives at stock market value. Mean while, net profit with 0.507 coefficient and operati and cash flow Operations with 0.015 coefficient bear, the most and the least correlation with stock market value and economic value added with 0.248 coefficient of correlation bears after the net profit and (EBIT) the most correlation with stock market value.