محمد رحیمی مدیسه

Due to the constant need for research to develop new and effective antiviral agents, medicinal plants can be a very good tool for the discovery and production of antiviral drugs. Extensive studies have been conducted in this field so far. Nurses, as one of the most important members of the health care team in COVID19 diseases, can play an important role in preventing the excessive and excessive consumption of medicinal plants prescribed by non-specialists.The importance of topics such as the interaction of active ingredients in medicinal plants with the routine treatments and even the precautions of their use with many underlying diseases, can be taught through nurses. On the other hand, by educating and using medicinal plants in the form of clinical trials and under the supervision of specialized physicians, it can be helpful to identify effective medicinal plants and new medicinal sources.

Background and Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease, currently affecting more than 280 million people worldwide. Centaurea cyanus known as cornflower has antioxidant properties and is used in traditional medicine in lowering blood sugar. This study aimed at determining the biochemical and histopathological changes in serum and the kidneys of diabetic rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Centaurea cyanus.
In this study, 60 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n= 12 per group). Diabetes was induced by alloxan. The diabetic rats were treated for 8 weeks with hydro alcoholic extract of C. cyanus at two concentrations (400 and 800 mg/kg). Finally, the animals were anesthetized and the serum levels of glucose, creatinine and urea and kidney tissue catalase level were measured. The kidney tissue slides were histopathologically examined.
Histopathological examination showed that similar to the control group, there were no significant changes in histolological features of the group receiving 800 mg/kg extract of the C. cyanus. In the group treated with 400 mg/kg of the extract there were mild tubular changes. Biochemical examination showed higher levels of creatinine in the group receiving the extract at 800 mg/kg. The level of urea in the group receiving the extract at 400 mg/kg, was significantly higher compared to that of the control group. (P Consumption of Centaurea cyanus extract at 800 mg/kg could prevent kidney tissue injuries in diabetic rats, but further investigations are required before its use in treatment of patients with diabetes.

Privacy is one of the fundamental human rights and its consideration during health care is required and caused to maintain dignity and trust between the nurse and patient. This study was performed with the aim of investigateing the privacy of patients in the hospital operating room of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences from the view of the staff and patients.
This research was a decscriptive-analytic study. 38 operating room personnel and 88 patients who had surgery were selected by census and simple random sampling. Data were collected by a questionaire made by researcher. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with chi-square and t- test.
The results showed paying respect to privacy in physical dimention was considered from the standpoints of operating room personnel 62.9%, the researcher's observations 60.7% and patients 78.9%. Paying respect to privacy has been estimated in social dimension from the view of staff and patients’and the researcher's observation 4%, 11%, and 5.3%, respectively. Paying respect to privacy was considered from informational dimension, from the staff, patients’, and researcher's observations views 54.2% and 79.5%, respectively. In total, the results showed there was significant relationship between paying respect to privacy and gender so that more precent of patients stated having no paying respect privacy in physical dimension (P=0.022).
Therapy personel and researcher’s observations due to awareness of legal and ethical rules in this regard evaluated paying respect patient’s privacy in the low level. It is obvious to pay more attention personnel and authorities to moral standards in patient care.

Gestational diabetes, with an incidence of about 7 percent of pregnancies, is limited to pregnant women and causes glucose intolerance in these patients. Lack of diagnosis and early treatment can cause serious complications for both mother and fetus either during pregnancy or delivery. This study aimed to perform an educational needs assessment of gestational diabetes in pregnant women for safe delivery of healthy baby. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 101 pregnant women referred to health centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, were selected to educational needs assessment using convenience sampling. A questionnaire made by researcher was used for data collection consisted of 40 questions on demographics, knowledge assessment and educational needs assessment. The level of knowledge and educational needs of pregnant women on safe delivery of healthy baby was assessed. Women with an associate degree, as well as the women who have at least one diabetic case in their family had higher level of information about diabetes. 92.1% of women correctly answered the questions, while an average 7.9% failed. Regarding to the educational needs assessment, 64.1% declared that they need to learn about gestational diabetes whereas 35.9% did not need. A total of 87.3% of women had moderate to high level of knowledge on serious outcomes of gestational diabetes on fetal and neonatal health and 12.7% percent had poor knowledge. Pregnant women younger than 35 years who are not aware of their low level of information are at higher risk. Therefore in order to have a safe delivery and a healthy baby birth, they need more education on gestational diabetes.

In order to evaluate the effects of healthy lingual local sense on the phonetic quality of Persian vowels, changes in their main acoustic features were analyzed following local anesthesia the surface and sides of the tongue to partly block the normal neural feedback mechanisms in speech. Six Persian vowels (/a/, /o/, /u/, /e/, /i/, /æ/) were prolonged 3 times using habitual loudness with and without lingual local anesthesia (Lidocaine Hydrochloride Oral Topical Solution, USP (Viscous) 2%) by 5 male speakers. The formant frequencies of vowels (F1and F2) were analyzed and compared using the Speech Studio Package (Laryngograph Ltd). The difference between mean values of F1 and F2 before and after lingual local anesthesia were not statistically different for the /a/, /æ/ and /u/ vowels (p<0.05). The mean value of F1 after local anesthesia was not significantly different for the /o/ vowel (p<0.05); however, the mean value of F2 in the anesthetized condition was statistically different for the /o/ vowel (p>0.05). The mean value of F2 for this vowel was decreased to 262 Hz. The difference between the mean values of F1 and F2 before and after local anesthesia were also significantly different for the /e/ and /i/ vowels (p>0.05). According to our results, lingual local sense has effects on the production of some Persian vowels. Perhaps the healthy local sense of the tongue and normal articulatory models has an important role in the production of vowels.

Although the current era of surgical anesthesia and less complications than in the past and have become more successful، but anxiety before surgery still remains. Anxiety، worry is looking kind of a perceived threat or danger is caused by the individual and can increase or decrease a person''s ability to understand، to be effective. This descriptive study in 2013 on 120 Patients in hospital operating rooms Kashani hospital was done. Adults randomly systematically selected. Measure anxiety، the questionnaire was used. The results showed that the highest levels of anxiety-related concerns before surgery (13/15%)، stress care taken in the (12/19%)، stress factors related to operating room staff (10/35%) and physical stressors in the operating room (7/62%)، respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the identification of factors affecting preoperative anxiety and the fact that some of these factors can be overcome Suggested using a variety of methods for determining patient education and training program in order to minimize anxiety.

Pain as a main social problem has involved millions of people. Surface massag is one of the effective ways for reducing pain after surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface massage technique on pain intensity in knee surgery patients with Arthroscopy technique. This is a clinical trial study on 60 Knee surgery patientsSamples were selected using conveniencecontinuity method and then they were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In intervention group، besides routine treatments، patients were taking surface massage technique by the researcher for 20 minutes each day and pain severity was evaluated before and after the surface stroking technique. Control group received only routine medical care and pain severity was evaluated in first and after 20 minutes. Data was analyzed by presenting descriptive and inferential statistics with using SPSS version 15 software. Results showed that there was a statistical different between mean score of pain severity before and after surface massage in intervention group (p <0. 001) but this difference wasn''t meaningful in control group (p=0. 32). Considering surface massage as a safe and effective intervention، it could be used as an easy، cheap and executable method for treating pain in all medical health care centers and even at patient''s home.

Having competency is necessary for delivering good level of spiritual care to patients. The aim of present study was to survey student nurses level of competency for delivering spiritual care and comparison of competency between first and final year’s students. Samples of present descriptive study were 80 nurse’s students (45 first years and 35 final years) who were studying in Kerman University of Medical Science. Data about students’ competency in spiritual care were collected with use of Spiritual Care Competence Scale. Mean of students age was 20. 60 ± 2. 6 0 years (range between 18 to 28 years). The mean score of students spiritual care competency were 101. 26 ±13. 68. Mean score of spiritual care competency were similar between first and final years student and not showed significant difference (p>0. 05). Previous history of participating in workshops related to the ethic، improved student spiritual competency significantly (p<0. 05). Nursing students participated in present study showed a good level of competency for delivering spiritual care. Also we not found different between mean score of first and final years students.

Privacy is considered as one of the most important and fundamental human rights. Privacy has a closely relationship with norm values and individuals desire to protect and control it. This study was aimed to determine the viewpoints of members of medical teams about patients’ privacy to obtain ways for existence problems and to increase patients’ satisfaction. This descriptive cross- sectional study was carried out using convenience sampling. Viewpoints of 150 individuals of medical teams included physicians، nurses، obstetricians، lab and radiologic staffs in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences about patients’ privacy were gathered by a questionnaire. Ninety-two percent of participants in this study believed that preservation of privacy is an important concept and fundamental need. Moreover، 93. 3% of them believed offering new solutions for more protection the patients’ privacy are necessary. 66. 7% participants declared that was not paid attention to training about patients’ privacy. 72. 7% declared that changing in curriculum of medical students is necessary. Majority of participants declared that they are not accentuated in training about patient privacy and changing in curriculum of medical students is necessary.

One of the most important factors that affect the success of cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the availability of expert CPR nurses that can immediately and correctly initiate and continue the CPR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CPR training on performance of nurses in some selected hospitals of Shahrekord University of medical Sciences in 2010. This study is a quasi-experimental study that consists of all the ICU, CCU. Emergency and labour nursing staff. After they participated in a CPR workshop, their performance was assessed using a checklist and compared with their performance before the workshop. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. 89.2% participants were female. The mean age of participants was 31.29±9.4 years. Before the study, the performance score of nurses in assessing patient’s consciousness was 81.8%±11.6% and the teamwork score was 81.53% ±11.4%. Both of these scores increased to 100% after the study. The score of using oxygen mask was 42.9%±7.8% that increased 56.25% ±8.3% after the study. In all hospitals, differences between the performance scores were statistically significant before and after the study(p<0.05). Participation of nursing staff in an educational workshop can increase their knowledge and skills about CPR. It seems that is necessary to focus on practical educational programs and team working to prepare nursing staff to involve in CPR actively and correctly.

The valsalva pushing technique is used routinely in the second stage of labor in many countries, and it is accepted as standard obstetric method in Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of spontaneous pushing, versus, valsalva pushing technique in birth on outcome of delivery in primiparas. This clinical trial study was conducted on 100 primiparas. Samples were randomized to either a spontaneous pushing group (open glottis pushing while breathing out) or a valsalva-type pushing group (closed glottis pushing while holding their breath). The length of stages of delivery, perineal tears, postpartum hemorrhage and satisfaction were evaluated in mothers and apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were evaluated in newborns. Data were analyzed using statistical Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and independent t-test. The duration of expulsion phase of the second stage of labor was significantly longer in valsalva-type pushing (P=0.004). The result indicated that the incidence of episiotomy in spontaneous pashing group (P=0.003) and postpartum hemorrhage in valsalva pushing group (P=0.002) was more. The baby fared better with spontaneous pushing, with higher 1- minute apgar score. After the birth, women expressed greater satisfaction with spontaneous pushing. Educating women for the spontaneous pushing technique in the first stage of labor and providing support for spontaneous pushing in the second stage result in a shorter second stage without interventions and in improved newborn outcomes.

The effect of herbal medicine with antitoxidant activity on burn wound healing has been proven in various studies. Portulaca oleracea L (Purslane) is a rich source of antioxidants and fatty acids. This study was carried out to compare the effect of purslane and silver on the second-degree burn wound healing in Balb/c mice. In this preclinical study, burn wounds were made with a hot plate on the back of 85 Balb/c mice. Four groups of mice were treated topically for 21 days by vaseline, silver salfadiazin, 1% and 10% purslane. Wound size on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 were measured. Data were analyzed using Kruskal- Wallis and test. Results showed that the recovery was observed in silver group, 10% purslane, 1% purslane and vaseline, respectively. There was no significant difference in burn wound healing between silver and 10% purslane groups on days 14 and 21 (P>0.05), but significant difference between vaseline and 10% purslane groups on days 14 and 21 (P<0.05). Regarding to the finding of this study, extracts of 10% purslane expedites the wound healing process in mice. Therefor, it might be beneficial in patients with burn wound.

The main objective of immunization by hepatitis B vaccine is to generate adequate concentration of anti hepatitis B antibody (HBsAB) in the serum. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination campaign in 18 years old students in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province.

In a cross- sectional study, 360 students with 18 years old (born in 1989) and have taken 3 doses of hepatitis vaccine in national vaccination campaign in 2007, were selected by cluster sampling. This study was performed in 2008 in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province in the central of I.R of Iran. The level of hepatitis B antibody was detected by quantitative ELIZA method using Dialab Kit. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software by X2 and t-test.

Of 360 students, 164(45%) cases were male and 174 (48/3%) cases were from urban areas. Just 349 students (96/95%) have acceptable immunization responses, (In those anti hepatitis B antibodies were more than 20 IU/ml). There was no significant relationship between the level of antibody and variables such as: sex, born places, smoking, contact history, previous disease and Hejamat (P>0.05).

Considering the results of the present study and previous researches from others countries, we can emphasize that the mass vaccination has been effective in those 18 years old students and we can be sure that the vaccination has been performed perfectly in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province.

Quality of life can be considered as a marker of the quality of health care and is a part of the patient's treatment plan. Its measurement in type 2 diabetic patients provides useful information to health authorities. This study is a descriptive- analytic cross – sectional study that has attempted to measure the quality of life in diabetic patients in Chaharmahal & Bakhteyari Province. The number of patients was 254 and they were selected randomly in two stages. Data were collected through questionnaires with acceptable validity and reliability measures. The data were analysed with software STATA 9 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square and multiple linear regression. The mean total score of quality of life was 122.8 out of 184 (SD: 1.1) in this study. 27.6% of the patients had favourable quality of life, 67.3% had rather favourable and 5.1% had unfavourable quality of life. The most important factors that determine quality of life in diabetic patients include satisfaction with health insurance, a history of hospitalization due to diabetes, a history of more than 10 years of diabetes, control of hypertension, micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes, sight dimness and sleep disorder. Based on an accurate recognition of quality of life and its determinants in diabetic patients, a background has been provided for policymakers, planners, researchers, physicians and nurses working in a diabetic management tearn.

Intraocular pressure is one of the treatable risk factor in glaucoma and composes the focus of therapy. The assessment of intraocular pressure especially in Glaucoma patients during fasting is one of the questions that have not presented any crucial response. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of fasting in Ramadan holy month on the intraocular pressure rate in individuals suffering from open-angle glaucoma. This study was a cohort study research on the patients (over 45 years old) suffering from open-angle glaucoma in Ramadan month, 2009. Intraocular pressure was recorded from 50 eyes of the patients who were in fasting at least 25 days in holly month of Ramadan. Recordings were performed in four stages, before the Ramadan month, the 5th day, the 15th day, and the 25th of day of Ramadan. Data were statistically analyzed using Repeated Measure ANOVA test. Mean age of patients was 65.16±10.31 years old. According to the results, fasting caused r significant reduction in intraocular pressure in month of Ramadan (P<0.001). Based on the results of this study, fasting can cause reduction in intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma patients.

Analgesics and anesthetic pain relief in labor often have unwanted sedative effects in the mothers and their newborns. It seems that using non-pharmacologic methods, such as acupressure, affect on labor pain and delivery time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of SP6 acupressure on labor pain and delivery time in nulliparas women in Iranshahr hospital in 2008-2009. A randomized clinical trial study was performed on 60 eligible nulliparas women who were at the beginning of active phase of labor (4 cm dilatation of cervix). The women were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: SP6 acupressure or SP6 touch. The participants, received acupressure or touch on SP6 acupoint, 3 Kun above the tip of the inner malleous just posterior to the border of tibia above the ankle, for 20 minute during contractions on two feet. Labor pain was measured four times with visual-analogue scale (VAS): before and after the intervention in 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm cervical dilation. Length of delivery time was calculated in two stages: from 4 cm cervical dilation to full cervical dilatation and full cervical dilatation to the delivery. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistical, paired t-test, chi square and independent t-tests. There was a significant reduction in the severity of pain in 4, 6 and 8 cervical dilation in case group compared to control group (P<0.001). The length of delivery time in active phase was less in case group compared to control group P<0.001, but there was hot difference in second place of delivery. SP6 acupressure may be applied in a non-invasive and easy to use fashion for pain control in the labor.