محمد نایب پور

social cohesion is a situation that shows the interaction and cohesion of a society . one of the most important government institutions is border force that can play an effective role in creating social cohesion in border regions . the aim of this study is to investigate the role of border guard in improving social cohesion in the atrak border regiment .

this research is descriptive - survey . in this research we used library and documentary methods . the population of the study consisted of all citizens residing in the atrak border region and the staff of the atrak border regiment . with regard to the size of the population by using cochran formula , the sample size was estimated 384 people . ~~~ the sampling was based on a random class among the statistical population . the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured by cronbach 's alpha which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire . the collected data were analyzed using spss software .

One of the most important issues facing the commanders, chiefs and managers of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran is maintaining order and security in society and preventing crimes. And without a proper model and strategy, it will not be achieved. Therefore; The present study aimed to identify and present a model of public participation in disciplinary management of crime prevention.

The present study is a quantitative (survey) research. The statistical population, including managers and senior experts of NAJA in the field of public participation and law enforcement management, are responsible for crime prevention, and the sample size of 220 people is estimated based on the Cochran's sample size formula. Random sampling method is classified. The research data were analyzed using Smart PLS software (confirmatory factor analysis test, t-significance test, Cronbach's alpha, hybrid reliability and convergent validity).

in this research, we show the results of confirmatory factor analysis and meaningful test t test; population and social participation model; 3 individual dimension individual; group and community; 7 elements (participation with intangible motivation; participation in information delivery; participation in information delivery; participation in information delivery; participation in public participation; public participation, participation, public participation

The police should participate in prevention in the form of a participatory and community-oriented approach and hold all citizens responsible for maintaining lasting order and security. A better interpretation of public participation in law enforcement management is crime prevention.

Countering drug trafficking at sea, as one of the international organized crimes, requires access to information, which is now referred to as intelligence dominance. The present study was conducted to identify the priorities and intelligence challenges of I. R. I. Police in combating drug trafficking at sea. In terms of its objectives, the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is descriptive-survey and exploratory. A semi-structured interview and a questionnaire were used to collect the required data. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative phase was 30 individuals, of which 28 individuals were selected according to Morgan Table, but due to the limited statistical size and taking into account the research considerations, they were selected as a whole; and in the qualitative phase 15 individuals collaborated as research participants until they reached theoretical saturation. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts using face validity method and its reliability has been measured by reviewing the indicators and components extracted from the open data by experts. After implementing the interview text and analyzing them, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were extracted according to the SWOT matrix. SPSS software was used to analyze the questionnaire data. The results show that the first priority is manpower and organizational structure, and the second priority is to pay attention to environmental opportunities, including the intellectual support of the Supreme Leader and the existence of advanced technologies in other security institutions and ... should be considered. In the first group, the challenges were identified as the lack of organizational structure appropriate to the organization's naval missions, and in the second group, cultural weakness and the general tendency of society to abuse drugs were identified.

Establishing order and security in today's complex and wide-ranging societies requires appropriate management and planning in those societies, among which the police is one of the most important components in the mentioned planning. In this regard, having high combat readiness and capability is one of the most important factors that commanders and senior managers of the security forces seek to strengthen. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of operational factors affecting the combat capability of the Disciplinary Command of West Azerbaijan Province.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is all employees of the Disciplinary Command of West Azerbaijan Province. According to Morgan's table, 384 people were selected as the sample size. The sampling method was stratified random. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and in the present study, the face validity method was used to evaluate the validity of the tool. To analyze the data from the structural equivalent method in SmartP software. ال. S was used.

The research findings show that in the process of improving the combat capability of the staff of the Disciplinary Command of West Azerbaijan Province, 3 dimensions, 10 components and 57 indicators (concepts) are effective. Findings show that non-physical factors with a path coefficient of 0.786 have the greatest impact on the promotion of combat capability. .

The results showed that the effective dimensions in promoting the combat capability of the personnel, command, and police of West Azerbaijan province can be three dimensions of physical strength, non-physical strength and superiority factors. The output of the study led to the presentation of a model of operational factors affecting the combat capability of the Disciplinary Command of West Azerbaijan Province.

Nowadays, one of the main concerns of governments is having an efficiency military force and deserves to increase their development and development. In military, law enforcement and defense issues, it is obvious that there are capable border guards who can protect the country's borders and lead their subordinate units towards development or management in time and operational scenes. Therefore, it is necessary that the staff of Mehran Border Regiment be operationally prepared to perform the assigned tasks and carry out important missions. Therefore, in this study, we will try to identify the factors affecting the operational readiness of mehran border regiment personnel.

In terms of applied purpose, this research is a field research in terms of data collection and in terms of research is a qualitative research with an exploratory approach that can be concluded by exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population of this study includes 90 commanders of all Han groups, checkpoints and border bases in Ilam province. In this study, sampling was not done and the census method was used. In this study, in-depth interviews were used to collect information and identify the factors affecting the operational readiness of the staff of the Mehran Border Regiment.

The results show that personal characteristics, training, skills and technical abilities, managerial and organizational, financial, infrastructure, intelligence and operational from the respondents' point of view are among the factors affecting the operational readiness of Mehran Border Regiment staff.

Due to the competition of regional and trans-regional powers, the Caspian Sea has become a tense and unstable environment after the collapse of the Soviet Union. As a result, the region's movement towards militarization and ultimately the military structure of the countries in the region has expanded significantly. Quantitative and qualitative increase in new naval vessels is one of the measures taken by coastal countries. Given this, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the use of new vessels on the security of the Caspian Sea borders. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of the study is 70 commanders of vessels of Mazandaran province. The sampling method in this study is a whole questionnaire and data collection tool is a questionnaire. The validity of the present questionnaire has been confirmed by obtaining the opinion of elites and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of (0.912). Spss software has been used to analyze and analyze the obtained data. The obtained findings show that the level and class, quantity and number, equipment and facilities of new vessels have a direct impact on the security of the Caspian Sea water borders in Mazandaran province. The results also show that the Islamic Republic of Iran has the lowest growth rate of military and security spending in the Caspian littoral among the five Caspian littoral states, while Russia has the best vessels, equipment and vessels and can be a good model. For the Islamic Republic of Iran, it should be in strengthening the Coast Guard and how to control and monitor the Caspian Sea borders.

SummaryIn World War II, following the Allied occupation of Iran, American statesmen, recognizing Iran''s position in the region and the military and economic weakness of the second Pahlavi era, emerged as an advisory force. During the years 1320-1357, American advisers carried out the mission of providing security and maintaining their resources and interests in the Persian Gulf with the capabilities of the Iranian army. Iran extended its defense strategy beyond international borders and enjoyed US support in the face of the Eastern superpower.Research Method Descriptive research and interpretation of events based on the tool of collecting documentary information and documents with the method of library studies and archives of document centers deals with the historical developments of contemporary Iran.The purpose of this study is to identify the military and security policies of the US government during the Second Pahlavi era, which is defined in the structure of defense and security strategy.In conclusion, the role of US policymakers in using the Iranian army as a tool to protect its interests in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman in competition with the superpower of the East is discussed.

With the outbreak of World War I, both Russia and Britain sought to expand their military power in Iran. The British established Southern Police Force, and the Russians upgraded the Cossack Brigade to the level of the division. Following the October Revolution and the Bolsheviks' rising to power in Russia, Russian forces left Iran, and the British sought to expand their influence into northern Iran and the Caucasus and to fill the vacuum created by the Russian withdrawal. It was while the Cossack division under the commanded of Vsevolod Starosselsky saw itself as protecting Russia's interests in northern Iran. The present study aimed to answer the question of what the British did to expand their influence in northern Iran and how did they deal with the Cossack division?The paper analyzes the issue using a descriptive-analytical method and concludes that the British attempted to take possession of all Iranian military forces, including the Cossack division, through the 1919 treaty, but due to Starosselsky's resistance against them as well as the expansion of the risk of Bolshevik advancement into Iran, they found it advisable to withdraw their troops from Iran, expel Russian officers from the Cossack division, and entrust its leadership to trusted Iranian commanders.

By the expansion of the machine life and rapid increase in the roads transportation during the recent half_century,the economic benefits result from the expansion of communications and also the speed of goods and passengers transport have added to the numbers and intensity of road accidents and lesions led to death or wounds induced by it rapidly. Most of these accidents take place due to the lack of awareness about the driving laws and provisions .By importing the earlier automobiles to Iran during Qajariyeh and occurrence of accidents,it seemed that there should be laws and provisions to control drivers and the way of driving. With the due respect to the increasingly complexity of driver's conditions,breaches and increase in the vehicle traffic during the first and second Pahlavi and after revolution,the driver licenses underwent changes and transformations in substantive and procedural manners. In order to realize the goals based on the issuance of driver's license,it was essential to make fundamental reforms in the form,content and way of license issuance in which the form and content of license should change consistent with it's new missions. The objective of this paper is to study the trend of issuing driver's license in a descriptive _analytical method and by relying on the library and documentary sources. It shows that the form and content of licenses have been transformed over time. Findings show that contemporary to the expansion of driver's population and the necessities induced by traffic control and various types of vehicles with their special characteristics and also vehicles which had been used generally , the license consistent with the type of the driving had been issued. These necessities caused changes in the issuance of driver's license over time.

This paper for the first time examines the Political - Military Activities of Christians forces in Azerbaijan, especially in Urmia in during the First World War. Paper to Relying on Reliable Sources and Documents and By adopting a Method Descriptive - Analytical want show What was the Nature of the Christian Organizations? What were their supporters? why and for what purposes to work with Christians? However The Assyrians were pursuing their own goals, their activities were a part of the Great Britain concerns about the preservation of India, but After killing Marshimon by Simko, their plans will fail completely. In fact, after the Retreat of Russians of Fronts and be alon Englishmen in Result of October Revolution, There was nesesery to stop the advance of German and Ottumans to India, Iran and the Caucasus. In this regard, Englishmen involved other Allied countries in their programs. General Dunsterville using the Christian forces in protecting the borders of the North-West of Iran, Brought himself to the Caucasus and went to fight the advancing enemy. Great Britain and Christian efforts to prevent the advance of the Ottoman Empire, although it did not win, but because of the end of the war, the Ottoman forces did not take advantage of his victory. The Christians who paid the cost of maintaining British interests and permanently be displaced and homeless.

The study first consider the grounds which result in the Algeria contract 1975 between two countries by examining historical terms of Iran and Iraq from the foundation of the former, and then represent security consequences of the contract. This study showed although came to end the conflict of two countries by conclusion of the Algeria contract 1975, due to the fact that Saddam's approach to this contract was not a strategy, but a pure opportunistic tactic that the Baath regime were forced to accept it under the pressure of war with Kurds, there was a long way to final peace. The contract has different security consequences for the parties. The positive security consequences of the contract for Iran is debatable, and it have been interpreted differently from an achievement that end the 42-year-old border dispute to a contract that saved the destruction of the Baathist regime, a regime that eight years later imposed the eight-year war to Iran and challenged Iran's security in all areas. The resulting studies carried out in this paper showed the Algeria contract the consequence of Kurds compromise by the Shah in short-term has gains for both countries till Iraqi invasion to Iran in Shahrivar 59 lose its validity.

It is necessary from various aspects particularly social, cultural and human development to supply equal opportunities for all members of society to achieve appropriate educational opportunities and services. Education and pedagogy is vital to increase equal life expectancy, since one of the most effective ways to achieve social justice and decrease social inequalities is to offer equal and similar opportunities of education and pedagogy for all society members. The study is to review development status among borderline towns of North Khorasan Province regarding variables related to educational indexes using Multi-Criteria Decision Models. According to this, educational indexes were considered development criteria. Statistical population includes borderline towns of North Khorasan Province. Statistical samples include 10 variables of educational services. Its method is descriptive-analytic; data were collected from statistical yearbook of this province in 1391. The results showed that the only Developed city among all seven cities of this borderline province is Bojnurd (Supra Developed Level). Shirvan, Esfarayen, Mane, Somolghan are under development cities and Farouj is a semi-developed town. Jajarm and Garmeh are among non-developed, underprivileged and deprived towns.

The researchers of the history of military studies hold the belief that the Cossacks brigade and later on the Cossacks police are regarded as the first modern military forces in the modern-day Iran. This police force in almost 1879 BC, during the reign of Nasereddin shah and at his request on his second journey to Russia was established. The Cossacks brigade right from the outset of it’s establishment, till the October’s revolution in which it was no longer under the influence of the Russians was a subservient and a strange force. This paper is dedicated to this police’s establishment, leadership, structure and organization, possessions and expenses, talents and rank and file and it’s equipments and some other unknown aspects of it. This paper apart from the aforementioned issues, points out that this military force which was financed by Iran, not only was the means of furthering the Russian diplomacy, which was vividly manifested in parliament’s shelling, and in spite of all the equipments and the money spending, and also by comparison to the non Cossacks forces like Gendarmerie didn’t exhibit a satisfactory performance. The research approach in collating data and documents include first-hand sources (itinerary) and second-hand sources (the previous researches, organizational evidence and documents, official and unofficial statistics).

In the first attempt, this paper studies the relations between Iran and Iraq and investigates the areas where it led to the 1975 Algeria Convention. In the next step, it addresses the effects and consequences of the Convention on relations between the two country. This article citing documents and historical sources shows that in addition to the Iraqi border dispute inherited from Ottomans, stimulations by the British were also led to Iraqis’ too demanding and uncompromising that might be the Convention of 1937 and Iraqis’ territorial claims over Khuzestan; But Iraqis even refuse to perform the Convention of 1937. Although by signing the Algeria contact in 1975 the dissents between the two countries were apparently solved, due to the fact that Saddam's approach towards the Convention was not a strategy but an opportunistic tactic that saved Ba’ath regime from collapse by the Kurds, the failure of the Convention could be predicted from the beginning. This feeling of defeat led Saddam to take revenge resulting in an 8-year war with Iran.