محمدحسن قوسیان مقدم

Oxidative stress and inflammatory response play an important role in the development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of dill seed on liver damage induced by LPS.

In this study, 32 rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were divided into four groups: control, control treated with dill hydroalcoholic extract, rats with liver damage، and rats with liver damage treated with dill hydroalcoholic extract. Dill hydroalcoholic extract was administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg. LPS was used to induce liver damage. Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) were measured. The differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests.

The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TNF-α and MDA significantly increased and activities of SOD and catalase significantly decreased in the LPS group compared to those in the control group. Treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of dill significantly decreased ALT, AST, ALP, TNF-α and MDA and significantly increased SOD activity compared to those in the LPS group.

Hydroalcoholic extract of dill showed a protective effect against liver dysfunction caused by LPS which is due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Motivating student’s research and removing the obstacles are the basic steps in establishing an efficient research system. The present research has been carried out by aiming at determining the personal and organizational barriers in performing research plans from the viewpoint of students of medical sciences in Shahed University. The present study is a cross sectional type by adopting descriptive and analytical aspects which was performed in 2014 among 640 students at Shahed University of Medical Sciences. The data was collected by the author-developed questionnaires that contained three parts; namely, demographic information, personal and organizational barriers. The results were analyzed by Chi-square Test. The findings show, the intensified curriculum (2.1) the most important personal obstacle and disregarding students’ rights (2.21) and not allocating sufficient budget (2.39) as organizational barriers. Base on the results, there are personal and organizational obstacles in students’ research which could be solved by planning and improving students’ capabilities.

Hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia are the prevalent risk factors associated with diabetes and their attenuation in diabetic patients with medicinal plants has great significance. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Salvia officinalis (SO) administration on serum glucose, lipids and tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 32 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups including: control, SO-treated control, diabetic, and SO-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was used. SO powder was mixed with standard rat chow. Serum glucose and triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels were determined on the first day and at 3rd and 6th weeks after the intervention. Finally, liver level of MDA and protein were determined in liver homogenate. At 6th week, serum glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic and SO-treated diabetic groups (P<0.001) in compare to controls. Oral consumption of SO did not significantly reduce serum glucose level. Serum triglyceride level significantly reduced in SO-treated diabetic group in compare to diabetic group (P<0.05). There was not significant difference between SO-treated diabetic and diabetic groups. Serum level of cholesterol, HDL, LDL and tissue MDA level in SO-treated diabetic group in compare to diabetic group. Chronic administration of Salvia officinalis reduces serum triglyceride level in diabetic rats, with no significant effect on glucose level and Malondialdehyde.

The glucose metabolism improvement and the risk reduction of the diabetes type 2 by caffeine consumers have been reported. Today, glibenclamide is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes. This research aimed to investigate the therapeutic combination effect of caffeine and glibenclamide on serum lipids and glucose in type 2 diabetic rats. In this research study, 32 rats in four groups were divided into diabetic and diabetics treated with glibenclamide, caffeine, and caffeine-glibenclamide combination. The drug dose for glibenclamide was 0.285 mg/kg, for caffeine was 100 mg/kg and for their combination was 1:1. Diabetes was induced by the injection of a single dose of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. The treatment continued for 16 days after diabetes verification. The levels of serum glucose and lipid profile in the rats were measured at the end of the period. The present research showed that the combination of glibenclamide and caffeine with 50% effective dose could significantly decrease the serum glucose as compared to the control group at days 4, 9 and 16 (p < 0.05). The combination resulted in a significant reduction in triglyceride and a significant increase of HDL and HDL to LDL ratio, while these changes were not observed for glibenclamide or caffeine individually. The therapeutic combination of glibenclamide and caffeine improved the serum glucose and could have significant beneficial effects on the level of triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels in the diabetic rats.

Origanum vulgare (OV) has many beneficial effects in metabolic disorders from the viewpoint of traditional medicine. In this study, the effect of its administration on serum glucose and lipids and liver level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and aminotranferases were studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Male rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups, i.e. control, OV-treated control, diabetic, and OV-treated diabetic groups. OV was administered p.o. one week after diabetes induction for 6 weeks. Serum glucose and triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels were determined before the study and at 3rd and 6th weeks after the study. Finally, liver level of MDA and activity of hepatic aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were determined. At 6th week, serum glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic and OV-treated diabetic groups (p<0.005-0.001) and OV treatment did not significantly reduce it. serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher in OV-treated diabetics as compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). In addition, OV treatment of diabetic rats did not significantly reduce serum LDL cholesterol level, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride versus diabetic group. Chronic administration of OV to diabetic rats could increase serum HDL cholesterol level and did not have a significant effect on other lipids and on glucose level and hepatic enzymes and lipid peroxidation.

Context: Holy Quran has brought orders and decrees for the health and prevention of diseases for mankind which obey these rules ensure not only physical health but also mental health. The mighty god in Holy Quran has discouraged humans from drinking wine several times. The purpose of this study is deliberating alcohol effects on human health from the perspective of Holy Quran, and modern medicine.Evidence and Acquisition:: In this paper by using proper keywords, an overview was made on Holy Quran, hadiths and scientific articles, available in Medline(Pubmed) and Embase as well as Persian sites such as SID and Magiran. Then effects of alcohol consumption on human health were analyzed. Holy Quran in four verses and infallible imams in several hadiths have prohibited alcohol consumption for humans. On the other hand, it leads to many socioeconomic and mental damages and results in detriments on the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. Cardiovascular System, Liver, Bone, Pancreas, Skin and Respiratory System are such organs and tissues in which bear loads of heavy irreversible injuries from alcohol consumption. Harmful effects of alcohol on fetus and causing different malignancy in several tissues are from other fatal effects which eventually lead to death. Regarding Islam’s recommendations alcohol consumption is clearly forbidden. Scientific papers also express the damaging effects of alcohol on individual health which clearly demonstrates the same concept.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of women about cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors is increasing rapidly worldwide with development of modernity and urbanization. This cross-sectional study was performed on women with age range of 14-66 years old. The sample size was 735 women. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmedby content analysis and test-retest methods. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software with appropriate statistical tests. The mean age of participants was 23. 4± 5 years. The average body mass index of them was 21. 7±3 kg/m. 50. 1% of them had little information about cardiovascular diseases. The most common of data gathering sources were radio and TV (65. 3%). The most common of cardiovascular diseases risk factors included smoking (93. 2%)، psychological stress (92. 8%)، obesity (91. 2%)، high blood triglyceride (89. 4%)، and fatty rich food consumption (88. 7%). 75. 2% of participants achieved at least 50% of the mean knowledge score. There were significant statistical correlation between knowledge score and increasing of age and educational level and applying visual media such as TV (p=0. 012، p=0. 039، p 0. 003 respectively). There was no significant correlation between knowledge score and both marital and economic status. It’s suggested to design educational programs according to age، gender، educational level and culture of different groups of society in order to promote knowledge and controlcardiovascular diseases risk factors.

Eating and drinking according to health instructions is a major factor in health. Islam recommendations regarding nutrition ensure not only physical health but also mental health. While advising Muslims to consume meat as much as their body requires, Islam forbids certain types of meat. This study is to investigate the effect of pork consumption on human health from the perspective of Quran and medicine. Relevant Quranic verses and Hadith and the existing literature were reviewed and described through the use of specific keywords. We utilized relevant materials from the Holy Quran and Hadith and also conducted a literature search through specific related keywords. In four Surahs of Quran and Hadith from the infallible Imams, pork consumption is forbidden. The presence of a group of amines, carcinogenic agents, high fat, and a high level of growth hormones turns pork into a sutoxin product. In addition, the presence of significant zoonotic diseases, quick decay, and easy contamination are other reasons which make pork consumption harmful for human. Noticing the significant role of nutrition in physical and mental health, divine religions have pronounced recommendations on using decent and healthy nutrition and refraining from using the unhealthy materials. Pork is one of these unhealthy and unusable materials which unfortunately, due to lack of sufficient awareness, is still consumed by some.

Searching the methods improving wound healing is always one of the major subjects of interest. Alkanna tinctoria is applied as a wound dressing since ancient times in traditional medicine, however its healing effects was not evaluated histologically. 96 male Sprague – Dawley rats were randomly divided into three (experimental, placebo, and control) groups. On the basis of defined periods, each group was subdivided into four subgroups and each subgroup invader eight rats. Animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine, and a full-thickness incision were made on the skin of each rat at the side of back region. Experimental and placebo groups received treatment with Alkanna tinctoria root ointment and vaseline, respectively. Treatment was continued twice a day till euthanasia on defined periods. Control group received no treatment. Animals were euthanized with intracardiac injection of ketamine hydrochloride on defined periods. Specimens were taken from the injured area and collected within 10% formalin solution. The specimens were processed and sectioned in 5 micrometers. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and studied microscopically. Finally, the data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis test. Differences were considered significant at P

Male contraception is necessary for control of population growth in developing countries. There are several methods for contraception in females but there is no definite method for males. In this study, we evaluated the effects of yarrow extract on spermatogenesis in Suri mice. Twenty five mice were divided into 5 groups. They were treated by ethanolic extract, hydroalcoholic extract, sham groups for them and control group. After treatment period, their testes were studied histologically. Degenerated cells, giant cells, complete spermatogenesis in different tubules and disorganization were evaluated. Difference between pretest and posttest body weight and gonadal weight index were also evaluated. There were statistically significant difference between groups for degenerated cells, giant cells, complete spermatogenesis in different tubules and disorganization (P<0.05). The difference between pretest and posttest body weight and gonadal weight index were not statistically significant. No complete maturation arrest was noted in the specimens. Although a quantitative difference was noted between groups, but we cannot recommend yarrow for male contraception, because it could not stop spermatogenesis completely.

One of the most important intestinals, especially in developing countries is Salmonella infection. Today, antimicrobial resistance is increased and we need new antimicrobial drugs. One of these drugs is herbal drugs. The effects of garlic extract on Salmonella typhimurium infection were studied. 60 Dutch-polish rabbits were divided in 3 equal groups. The rabbits inoculated with 1011 colony forming unit orally. After 48 hours, two groups treated with 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg aqueous garlic extracts three times a day. Clinical manifestations are heart rate, weight, temperature and bowel habitus were evaluated after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours after treatment and at similar times in untreated group. Heart rate, temperature and bowel habitus status were significantly different in 3 groups and different days (p=0.000). Weight did not change significantly (p>0.05). Garlic extract decreased clinical manifestations in salmonella typhimurium infected rabbits. As a result, clinical trials for further studies.

Brucellosis is still known as a main hygienic problem in human. Pathogen is easily transmitted into human body by raw milk and fresh cheese. The use of rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods is essential because of the hygienic and economic importance of brucellosis. In this research, we collected 106 samples of milk and blood serum from dairy cattle that had been referred to Rey slaughterhouse. Milk samples were cultured in modified Farrell ' s medium. In addition, according to Romero method, DNA was extracted from milk samples and PCR was done using JPR and JPF primers. Wright test was also done on serum samples. Comparison of PCR and culture with Wright test results showed that in culture method sensitivity is 31.6 percent and accuracy is 48 percent but in PCR, sensitivity is 58 percent and accuracy is 65 percent. Results of our study showed that PCR can be attended as a suitable and rapid method to diagnose brucellosis.