محمدرضا رزاقی

Prostate cancer is known as the second common cancer among men, and is introduced as the fifth cause of death. Apoptosis known as “Programmed Cell Death”, can be measured as a defense mechanism in response to cell damage, caused by diseases or exposure to toxic material, and has an important role in controlling cell population. For this, researchers are interested in studying cancer treatment for inducing apoptosis. Flaxseed, Linum usitassimum, has numerous benefits among other oilseeds. It contains a large amount of α-Linoleic Acid (ALA), dietary fiber, proteins, and Phytoestrogen.

The main goal of this research was to evaluate the expression of apoptotic genes induced with flaxseed extract in human prostate cancer cells in order to find out the cell death pathway induced by flaxseed extract.

In this study, PC-3 prostate cancer cells were cultured and the treatments were done using the flaxseed extract. The MTT test, IC50 calculations, Flowcytometry, and Real-Time PCR test for apoptotic genes were done and all the results underwent analysis.

The IC50 dose was obtained at 809 µg/ml (P < 0.05). Flowcytometry test was done for 600, 800, and 1000 µg/ml of extraction, and the result showed that most of the cells underwent necrosis. The Flowcytometry result was confirmed by qPCR test and showed the overexpression of TNF gene (P < 0.05).

The results showed the overexpression of all the studied genes after treatment by flaxseed extract. The Flowcytometry result was confirmed by qPCR and showed that the TNF gene was overexpressed.

In recent decades, special attention has been paid to health culture research. However, the breadth of the subject and the variety of definitions made this article explain the concept of Iranian-Islamic health culture and introduce its components.

In mixed method review of national and international articles was done. By reviewing articles related to health culture, various definitions and topics were extracted. During 10 group discussion sessions with experts (scientific committee), the results of the review were discussed and opinions were shared. Upon analyzing the content of negotiations, going back and forth twice, the results were approved and finalized. The members of the scientific committee were tasked with rating the main topics on a scale from 1 to 10. Main topics were then sorted according to their highest scores. The main topics in order of priority are: “health culture requirements in education and training”, “promotion of health culture”, “healthy lifestyle with Islamic and Iranian model”, “principles, foundations, and values”, “strategic policy making in health culture”, “health system and health culture”, “patterns and role models in health”, “empiricism in culture and health culture building”,” health culture anomalies”, “research in culture and health culture building”.

A comprehensive definition of Iranian Islamic health culture was developed, and the components were classified into 10 main topics and 67 specific topics.

A precise definition of Iranian-Islamic health culture is essential for establishing a shared understanding of the topic. Furthermore, introducing the diverse aspects of health culture helps highlight its significance and generate discussions across various academic and non-academic levels.

The present study aims at analyzing the text content, images, and self-tests of the Sociology textbooks of the Second Grade of High School in Iran education system in order to determine the central issue and the mental involvement of these texts based on Romey's (1968) model. The statistical population of the study is the following textbooks: Sociology(1), Sociology(2), and Sociology(3) published in 2021. The data were collected using researcher-made content analysis form based on William Romey's model. In the analysis of the texts, the questions, and the images of Sociology(1), 1,222, 154, and 194 terms were analyzed and the engagement rate of the texts, the questions, and the images were 0.122, 0.619, and 0.590, respectively. In the analysis of the text, the questions, and the images of Sociology(2), 1057, 77, and 212 terms were analyzed, and the engagement rate for them were 0.036, 2.27, and 0.341, respectively. Regarding the analysis of the texts, the questions, and the images of Sociology(3), 1,048, 136, and 201 terms were examined and the mental engagement were calculated as 0.085, 0.250 and 0.477, respectively. These results indicated the passivity of the text of Sociology(1), the text and images of Sociology(2), and the text and questions of the Sociology(3). In the overall evaluation of the three textbooks, by examining 4,301 terms, the mental involvement rate of the entire content under investigation was calculated as 0.122. Therefore, it can be concluded that the texts of Sociology textbooks of the tenth grade in Iran are constructed passively.

The establishment of a parliamentary system in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been the challenge of thinkers and the focus of many studies. Previously, the possibility of transforming the political regime into a Parliamentary in the structure of the Iranian legal system and its challenges and threats have been discussed and conflicting. However, considering the importance of consequentialism in the construction of political systems, a specialized-analytical research in this area becomes more priority. With this objective, the present study, with a consequentialist approach, considers the impact of parliamentarization in the Islamic Republic of Iran on the components of development and citizenship rights.

The present research is done by descriptive-analytical method and using library-documentary sources.

Citizenship rights at political, social and economic levels are directly or indirectly affected by the change of political regime through the components of the synergy or divergence of forces, as well as the manifestations of democracy and the participation of citizens in determining their own destiny. In the Islamic Republic of Iran due to the special status of presidential elections and the situation in it, as well as the weaknesses of the party and the parliamentary elections and also the quality of the relations between the ruling powers, changing the regime from a presidential to a parliamentary system, without fulfilling the requirements and preconditions of this change, narrows the scope of citizens' political rights which subsequently in the context of individual freedoms and social rights, as well as economic development, can have negative effects.

Providing the requirements of the parliamentary system, such as party culture, legal changes and structural changes, makes the transition to a parliamentary in the Iranian legal system possible by promoting the components of citizenship rights, however, considering the costs that this process imposes on the government and the citizens, the hypothesis of improving the quality of the current presidential system with the aim of having a positive impact on the political, social and economic rights of the citizens is supported.

Transforming the organizing of the governmental institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran into a parliamentary regime is a concern in which has been the focus of some writers and experts in recent years. In theoretical approaches, some see the Parliamentarization as a strategy to overcome the current problems, but some believe that the problems does not consider arising from the current regime's model in terms of the form of separation of powers and sometimes the problem has been known with the current Quasi-presidential regime and the necessity to move on to the requirements of real presidential regime. There are also two distinct views among the supporters of Parliamentarization: one that considers changing laws as an automatic setting of conditions for the efficient establishment of the parliamentary system and another view that believes it must be first prepared the conditions of the parliamentary system and then make change with less risk.

Taking photographs seems no longer primarily an act of memory intendedto safeguard a family’s pictorial heritage, but is increasingly becoming atool for an individual’s identity formation and communication. Digitalcameras, cameraphones, photoblogs and other multipurpose devices areused to promote the use of images as the preferred idiom of a newgeneration of users. The aim of this article is to explore how technicalchanges (digitization) combined with growing insights in cognitive scienceand socio-cultural transformations have affected personal photography.The increased manipulation of photographic images may suit the individual’sneed for continuous self-remodelling and instant communication andbonding. However, that same manipulability may also lessen our grip on ourimages’ future repurposing and reframing. Memory is not eradicated fromdigital multipurpose tools. Instead, the function of memory reappears in thenetworked, distributed nature of digital photographs, as most images aresent over the internet and stored in virtual space.

With the possibility of considering the role of the judiciary as the organ of execution of the judiciary, the use of tried-and-tested judiciary in different stages of criminal procedure and observance of the fundamental rights of the accused in order to secure the principle of Article 32 of the Constitution, the selection and examination of the subject related to the judiciary in the process of arbitration requires a reasonable step In order to enforce the laws as powerful as possible. The first ones who face the criminal phenomenon are the judiciary and the first stage in which the rights of individuals may be violated and violated is the stage of crime detection and prosecution. Therefore, while judiciary officials play a very important role in detecting crime and conducting preliminary investigations, there is a risk of violating the rights of the accused. The maintenance of citizenship rights is closely linked to the actions and decisions of the offenders. Police, as the most prominent example of litigation and the front line of communication with the people, are responsible for securing the order and importance of citizens as one of the most important instances of "public law." Therefore, in this article, it has been tried to identify the role of the judiciary as having the effect that the correct functioning and in accordance with its legal standards can be used to protect the rights and freedoms of the citizen and to prevent the commission of the crime.

Progresses made in the medical sciences have led to the use of human body organs and the byproducts thereof in treating some of the complicated and hard-to-cure ailments. This newly emergent phenomenon has been the cause of discussions and debates in Shiite jurisprudence and law. The major question raised in jurisprudence and law concerns the legitimacy of the human body organs trade and leasing them to the other human beings, especially the Muslims and that is whether such a trade can be deemed permissible or not? This is a qualitative research done via library materials and books and articles. The present article sets an appropriate grounding upon which the foresaid question is put forth and the responses thereto will be searched from the perspective of the canonical texts and proofs. Basing their reasons on the verses and Narratives and consensuses, some jurisprudents have decreed that such a trade should be considered among the invalid recently-arisen issues. On the contrary, there are other jurisprudents that based on the generalities and the denotations derived from verses and Narratives and according to an intellectual merit of such sales and also by making use of inclusions and general topics opined in favor of such sales, have emphasized on the permissibility and the authenticity of purchasing and selling of profitable objects and the intellectually good outcomes of such trades. Taking into consideration the advances made in the medical sciences and the Shiite jurisprudence’s concordance with the useful scientific progresses and also according to the importance that is given to the improvement of the Muslims’ health statuses within Islamic communities, the current research paper supports the authenticity and permissibility of such a trade as opined by the proponent jurisprudents.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignant cancer among men and it is the second leading cause of cancer death in men after lung cancer. In describing the epidemiology of prostate cancer, this is a preventable condition. Some previous studies indicated that there is a significant relationship between the level of awareness about prostate cancer screening and its implementation. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the awareness of male hospital staffs about prostate cancer screening in selected hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2017.
Methods and Materials: The current research is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. A research made questionnaire was used an instrument of this study. This questionnaire contained questions about demographic variables and prostate cancer awareness.100 people were selected by random sampling method.
The mean age of the respondents was 53 years with a standard deviation of 14.9 years. 10 patients of (10%) respondents mentioned the family history of prostate cancer. The average score of their awareness was 34.33 from the maximum score of 21. There was no statistically significant relationship between the level of respondents awareness with age, family members, supplementary status of insurance and family history of cancer. While, there was statistically significant relationship between their awareness with higher education, income, and insurance status.
Discussion and This study revealed that the planning and implementing of the educational interventions is necessary for preventing of the prostate cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to train courses for those who are at risk of this disease.

How can occupied to the gap of time between preventive activities and destruction of the aquifers? The most solutions approach can be said, is the use of existing capacities. Now more than 1,300 rural production cooperatives are active that are at least 50% of the wells in country covered by this cooperatives; Legal capacity and a unique partnership that has spent nearly 40 years to reach this level of readiness. A stripe of materials 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 22 and 28 of charter of rural production cooperatives show that in addition to the physical platform and facilities, proper legal context in the organization of the company to protect groundwater resources. After one more step remains the government (Ministries of Energy and jahad-e-Agriculture) provides the legal context and Supports financial and technical cooperation with the agency to provide for the conservation of aquifers.

Introduction & Transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis presenting with brain metastases is a very rare case which should be diagnosed and treated in order to prevent further damages.Case: We report a rare case, who had presented with a constellation of neurological symptoms (due to multiple brain metastases), but without any urological symptoms. During evaluation of patient, we found transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of left renal pelvis, for which palliative radical nephroureterectomy was performed. Although transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis presenting with brain metastases is a very rare case, but the patient was managed with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for the metastatic lesions. Afterward he received four cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy. The patient is alive with stable disease at 32- months’ follow-up.

We report an unusual non-Hodgkin lymphoma metastasis of the penis. Review of the literature revealed less than 200 cases of metastatic lesions to the penis, excluding primary neoplasms from skin, urethra and blood. The most common neoplastic metastases to the penis in order of frequency were from the bladder, prostate, rectum and rectosigmoid areas, and kidney in the cases, respectively. The incidence of other primary tumor sites that metastasize to the penis is extremely rare.

Introduction & Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is the operation most frequently performed in urology. In view of the morbidity associated with this procedure, research has been conducted to propose an endoscopic alternative to TURP. Using of high energy laser is the most promising method in these cases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of home made KTP laser on re-sected prostate adenoma after open prostatectomy. 40 patients complaining of symptomatic BPH were treated by open prostatectomy. These 40 prostates were divided in to two parts. One part was sent for pathology assessment (group A) and the other part was sent to KTP laser room in the same hospital (group B). The prostates in group B were divided into 4 groups (1, 2, 3, 4), each with 10 prostate tissue. In groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, prostate lobes underwent laser ablation in one, two three and four stage. In any stage, KTP laser, 5 watts for 15 seconds, was used. All of prostate ablated with laser were sent to pathology for evaluation of tissue ablation capacity and deep tissue penetration. The study in all of stages was blinded for pathologist. Mean age of participants was 73.25±6.8 years and mean level of PSA was 3.65±2.1 ng/dl. In both groups, with every stage laser, we have 1 to 2 mm tissue ablation associated with prostate type. In pathologic examination, we have 0-2 mm tissue destruction with disappearance of cell's nuclei, basophilia of stroma and damaged tissue (cutter like effect). Findings were compatible with burn effect. Pathologic findings proved, in the ex vivo investigation, that KTP laser offers a good tissue ablation capacity and minimal microscopic tissue damage. The risk of capsule perforation is very low. This procedure is safe and effective in which bladder outlet obstruction symptoms will be quickly relieves and has a low rate of complications. Moreover KTP laser has much cost effectiveness, although we need further studies on live prostatic tissues.