محمدهادی

As a crisis, the Covid-19 disease affected all aspects of people's lives, especially the occupational aspect.  Bank employees were more under pressure due to the type of service they provided to the public. The aim of this study was to analyze the challenges affecting the job efficiency of some of the Bank Melli Iran personnel during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This was a qualitative research project with a phenomenological approach. The research population was the employees of Melli Bank branches in the 10th district of Mashhad City, Iran in 2021, from among whom a sample of 10 people was selected by purposeful sampling, the sampling process continuing until saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the inductive thematic analysis method.

Data analysis showed 12 sub-themes, 3 main themes including challenges at the individual, interpersonal and organizational levels, and a core theme.

The findings of this study show that the Bank employees’ concept of the Corona pandemic can affect their work efficiency.  These findings can be used for planning to solve the problems and challenges of this group of people after the Corona pandemic.

This article provides a critical analysis of Note 2 of Article 14 of the Iranian Code of Criminal Procedure, adopted in 1392 SH/ 2014 CE, which vindicates the victim’s right to both blood money (diya) and civil compensation. The purpose of this study is to determine the scope of the above-mentioned Article and of the legality of the claim to financial and non-financial damages resulting from bodily injuries on top of the blood money. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data was collected in library method, with emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of legal texts, Islamic legal views and the opinions of legal scholars.The answer to the question of whether the victim in bodily injuries can claim, in addition to blood money, the financial and non-financial damages stemmed from physical injuries or he is only entitled to receive blood money and is deprived of the right to receive any other type of damages depends, to some extent, on the rationale behind the blood money rule and on its subject and territory. It is, however, controversial among Islamic jurists, Imamis and Sunnis alike, Iranian Judicial opinions, and in the legal literature of Iran and other Islamic countries what kind of damages diya is intended to cover and whether or not it is compatible with financial and non-financial damages. In fact, the divergence over this issue in Iran, like some other Islamic countries, have reached its peak in recent years.Nevertheless, a closer examination of the sources from which the blood money rule is derived, in particular the authentic tradition (hadith) of Ghiyath, the Qur’anic verse "We have given dignity to human beings" (17-70), the Islamic jurists’ opinions holding blood money as an indemnity for a human being’s soul or member (especially some explicit rulings by contemporary Imami and Sunni jurists), as well as the inherent equality of the value of people’s lives and bodies regardless of their social statuses, skills, education, and ages, indicate that blood money in the Islamic legal system is merely to compensate for the loss of life, organs, or their abilities and has nothing to do with material and spiritual damage caused by personal injury.Hence, the financial losses resulting from bodily harm can be claimed in addition to the blood money and according to the general rules of civil liability, regardless of whether their amount is less or more than the blood money. Even if this view is not accepted, the sources on which the blood money rule is premised do not imply more than that the financial losses that were used to commonly result from personal injury in the early days of Islam, such as the costs of basic and simple treatment and the lost income, only to the extent of the average income of an ordinary worker, are included in the blood money. Damages beyond that, like the costs of today's complex surgeries are thus not covered by blood money and should be compensated independently.Also, spiritual damages caused by physical injuries can be claimed independently of the blood money according to some Islamic jurists and legal authors, and based on the history of this rule and traditions pertaining to it. But even if this view is not accepted, although it is arguable that non-financial damages ordinarily caused by bodily harm, such as enduring pain or suffering or beauty defects within the reasonable limits, are included in the blood money and are compensated by paying the blood money, these damages should be compensated separately and in addition to the blood money if they exceed ordinary levels, especially if they reach the level of neurological and mental disorders, acute distress, depression, anxiety, severe physiological imbalance etc., even if the extent of loss is less than that blood money covers.Accordingly, Note 2 of Article 14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which prohibits claiming spiritual damages and possible lost profits (deprivation of the power to work) where blood money is payable or punishments stipulated in the sources (ta’zirat mansus) are to be inflicted will be objected in this article. The Note implies, on the other hand, that financial damages caused by personal injuries (except for the lost profits) will be compensable in addition to diya (blood money), which is an important evolution in the legal regime governing the collection of blood money and damages. In order to remedy the shortcomings of the rule stipulated in Note 2 and bring it in line with  principles of Islamic law and national legislative system, the Note can be taken to include only spiritual damages within the ordinary extent (which is to be determined by forensic experts) as well as lost possible profits in the reasonable sense (such as the loss of the wages of an unskilled worker subject to the Labor Code), whichis covered by diya (blood money) and thus cannot be claimed in addition to it. However, if the said damages exceed the usual limits, they are not incorporated in the blood money and can be claimed separately. Also, the impossibility of receiving blood money and the lost profits in crimes with stipulated punishments has no logical justifications or rational bases. Therefore, this study suggests the necessity of  amending Note 2 of Article 14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure based on the arguments here outlined.

The third phase of health reform plan in Iran came into force since the announcement of the book named value of the notification. Due to the influence of this book on hospitals performance, this study aimed to determine and compare the selected statistical indicators of a teaching hospital before and after the implementation of the contents of this book.
The present cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2015. Data (statistical indicators) were collected, with the permission and considering the confidentiality of information, through reports review and on-site visiting and analyzed using SPSS (version 17) software. The comparison of selected indicators between paired samples were performed. Correlations were considered significant at α=0.05.
Announcement of the value of the notification book resulted in a statistically significant increase in bed occupancy ratio, occupied bed day, average length of stay, and number of hospital death and also a significant decrease of bed turnover interval and rate. Furthermore, a significant increase of inpatients and outpatients visits and significant decrease of emergency visits and caesarean were also observed.
Implementation of the aforementioned book significantly affected some statistical indicators (bed occupancy ratio, occupied bed day, and caesarian), but it has no significant effect on other statistical indicators (inpatients and outpatients visits, emergency visits and number of surgeries). However, extending the results of this study to other hospitals requires more extensive studies.

One of the fields of research is the scope of the comparison between modern science with divine doctrines. Quranic scholars had outstanding achievements in this respect. It is certain that the great success in human knowledge and the development in human achievements has proven the truth of the scientific miracle of the divine book of Quran. The reference to gravity – the influence of all things on each other – is one of the scientific miracles of Quran because before its revelation nobody was aware of it. Centuries after the revelation of the Quran this scientific rule was discovered by Newton and other scientists. This article is going to survey the concept of gravity in the verses of Quran and point to its fundamentals, fruits and benefits. It has come to the result that the scientific interpretation of Quran shows the scientific miracle aspect of the Holy Book.

In this work, we generalize the entanglement of three-qbit Bosonic systems beyond the single-mode approximation when one of the observers is accelerated. For this purpose, we review the effects of acceleration on field modes and quantum states. The single-mode approximation and beyond the single-mode approximation methods are introduced. After this brief introduction, the main problem of this paper, tripartite entanglement of bosonic systems in a noninertial frame beyond the single- mode approximation is investigated. The tripartite entangled states have different classes with GHZ and W states being most important. Here, we choose &pi-tangle as a measure of tripartite entanglement. If the three parties share GHZ state, the corresponding &pi-tangle will increase by increasing acceleration for some Unruh modes. This phenomenon, increasing entanglement, has never been observed in the single-mode approximation for bosonic case. Moreover, the &pi-tangle dose not exhibit a monotonic behavior with increasing acceleration. In the infinite acceleration limit, the &pi-tangle goes to different nonzero values for distinct Unruh modes. Unlike GHZ state, the entanglement of the W state shows only monotonically increasing and decreasing behaviors with increasing acceleration. Also, the entanglement for all possible choices of Unruh modes approaches only 0.176 in the high acceleration limit. Therefore, according to the quantum entanglement, there is no distinction between the single-mode approximation and beyond the single-mode approximation methods in this limit.

One of the important challenges in medical sciences is human cloning nowadays. This subject makes many questions among the researches، bioethics philosophers، religious scholars especially Shia and Sunni jurists. Since one of the most important reason of human cloning opponents is its conflict and incompatibility with human munificence. This study aimed at investigating the adaptability and the lack of conflict between human cloning and munificence. This study had been designed to evaluate the human munificence by using Quran، Traditions and the ideas of Religious Scholars and Theologians. In addition، the articles that had been presented comments on cloning were used in the present study. From Quran point of view، the human being possesses inherent munificence. Cloning has the same situation in protection of embryo munificence with extra uterine fertilization process. The same genetic identity is not adversative of individual identity. In the cloning، the restriction of genetic system has been challenged and has not specific relationship with the general character of human. The formation of personality of cloning person in the environment protects human munificence. None of the Shia jurists has declared that cloning is the evidence of violation of human munificence. Human cloning has not conflict with his munificence. The lack of conflict between cloning and munificence were obtained by exact investigation about this. Moral reasons that disagree with human cloning are not firm. It seems that there are not the traditional and rational reasons in incompatibility of human cloning with his inherent munificence.

Although measuring the Human Development Index can help policymakers to evaluate developments and priority policies, if we could be able to calculate the efficiency to achievement of this index, it would have be more applicable. The study aimed to measure the efficiency to access to HDI using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The present descriptive-analytic study was carried out through a cross-sectional method in 2010. The study population consisted of all cities of Isfahan province (n=21). All population was studied and sampling was not used. Data were gathered and estimated by studying all respecting reports and documents found in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Statistics and Information Office of Isfahan Governor during 2004-08. HDI was calculated according special formula. 4.1Frontierwas used to measure efficiency of selected cities and figure out the optimum production function. The HDI for Isfahan was calculated according to the year-oriented succession: 0.627(2004), 0.643 (2005), 0.660 (2006), 0.669 (2007), 0.603 (2008). The mean of Technical efficiency of achieving the HDI index in mentioned province during the years of 2004 to 2008 was estimated around 0.95 regarding all seven modular inputs and around 0.94 regarding just five numbers of them. All put together, to achieve the main goal of increasing the efficiency of achieving the HDI index, some fundamental issues should be considered including the fulfillment rate of income index, enrichment of private sector potentials, attention focused on planning & development of Human Resources, investment rate on infrastructure, identifying investment opportunities by the purpose of utilizing the strengths and providing such a condition working as stimuli to encourage public sector participation.

In today’s changing world, in addition with establishing human capital, supporting social capital is one of other challenges in organizational behavior. Furthermore, social capital is a public characteristic, but it is resulted from individual efforts in making trust, relationships and cooperation. Without social capital, staff would not have willingness to share information and knowledge. This article investigated the social capital and the learning organization.

This was a descriptive-correlational study with practical and fundamental objectives. The study population included 120 staff of Qom University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was 92 subjects according to the Morgan’s table. They were randomly selected and their viewpoints concerning the social capital were collected. The views were analyzed through inferential statistics by SPSS software.

The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the social capital and learning organization in Qom University of Medical Sciences (P < 5%).

Since social capital influences on improving and promoting the learning organization, this type of capital in addition with other weaker aspects of social capital in administrations and departments of medical universities must be identified and strengthened.

Implementing a suggestion system is one of the effective tools to change the workplace atmosphere and prepare an appropriate field for staff participation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suggestion system of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) using CIPP model.

This descriptive study was a cross-sectional one. The population consisted of all members of the executive committee of suggestion system and the members of professional and general committee of IUMS. Considering some limitations, sampling was not done. Data was gathered through a researcher-designed questionnaire that its content validity was approved by the professors, and Cronbach's αlpha confirmed its reliability. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).

Results showed that the mean score of the performance for the mentioned system was 50.47±14.8. The comparison of the mean scores for the four dimensions of CIPP model showed that the input dimension had the highest score and process, product and context dimensions were next on the hierarchy.

Planning some awards, facilitating and accelerating the personnel’s pay and familiarizing them about with the process and implementation of the suggestion system are some effective recommendations to increase staff participation.

Comparative literature is one of the major branches of literature, in which the researcher surveys on the works of two poets who enjoy different literature and after identifying of the differences and similarities between both of them, their poems and proses are compared. This leads to unity of culture between two nations and also the great literary men are mostly recognized. In this research, sufi-lyrics of two eminent poets, Ibne Farez and Jami, have conceptually been investigated since both are considered the pioneers of sufi verse between Arab and Persian. This research first deal with the biography of two poets and then their poems are conceptually surveyed based on the most significant symbols of sufi verse such as wine and woman that is used as the mystery of verse by poet in order to express his spiritual goal and mystical purpose.

The important of comparing performance of hospitals using hospital indicators, has been made the necessary of utilizing of the application model inevitable. This study aimed to compare hospital performance key indicators simultaneity. In this descriptive cross sectional and retrospective study, 31 hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were evaluated in 2007. Selected indicators including bed occupancy rate, bed turnover rate and mean length of hospitalization were extracted by referring to Vice Treatment of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and evaluating monthly activity of the centers during 2005-2006.Obtained data compared using Excel software and Pobon Lasso charts. There were 3(10 percent) hospitals in Quadrant I, 12(39 percent) hospitals in Quadrant II, 14(45 percent) hospitals in Quadrant III and 2(6%) hospitals in Quadrant IV of Pobon Lasso chart in 2005.There were 2(6 percent) hospitals in Quadrant I, 14(45 percent) hospitals in Quadrant II, 13(43 percent) hospitals in Quadrant III and 2(6%) hospitals in Quadrant IV in 2006. Pobon Lasso chart help us to compare the three key indicators of hospital performance simultaneity in addition to assessment of centers performance in respect of governance. It is recommended that hospital administrators evaluate hospital efficiency through this method which considered as one of the active methods in identifying the problem. This analysis can be a useful guide in planning performance improvement for the center.

Self harm is a deliberate,impulsive and nonfatal action that hurts person’s body and appears in different forms.The most widespread forms are injury or rupture of tissues,that called self mutilation. Self mutilation is seen in the varieties of mental or personality disorders. However some mutilate themselves for purpose of reparations or prosecution.This group are refered to forensic medicine.This research is done for detection of personality characteristics of the recent group. Fifthy clientele were diagnosed as self mutilation in Forensic Medicine Center and fifthy quarreller and fifthy vehicle accidental, were selected by simple random sampling and assessed by shortform type of MMPI (71items). Finally there are significant difference between self mutilation group and accidental group in scale of Hs or hypochondriasis (P=0.032), Hy or hystery (P=0.030) and Pa or paranoia (P=0.007), but there isn’t any difference with quareller group. Based on the results, self mutilators that referred to Forensic Medicine Centers have following characteristics: They are egoist and narcissit. They project their anger and hostility to the others. They criticize others. For their own sabotage, they culpable the others. They are superficial in their social relations. They need the others’ attention and emotional support. They use their body for attract the others’ attention and for influence the others. They don’t show anxiety and depression disorders.