محمود امیری

In recent decades, the uncontrolled expansion of cities and the increasing emphasis on automobiles have diminished the role of pedestrians in urban spaces. This shift has led to the creation of dull environments and a reduction in the vitality of urban areas. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of Bu Ali Pedestrian path on urban life in Hamadan. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes citizens aged 10 and above in Hamadan, which, according to the 2016 Population and Housing Census, totals 653,000 people. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 384 people was selected. The study’s urban vitality variables encompass four components: socio-cultural, physical-functional, environmental, and aesthetic. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, with Friedman’s test applied for ranking indicators, and structural equation modeling (SEM) performed using Lisrel software to assess relationships. The research findings indicate that the urban vitality indicators for the studied pedestrian street are favorable. Furthermore, the results of Friedman’s test and the prioritization of indicators reveal that climatic comfort is the highest priority in assessing urban spatial vitality on Bu Ali Pedestrian path in Hamadan.

The development of entrepreneurship and self-employment in rural areas requires cooperation and the creation of platforms that can create a favorable and supportive ecosystem for the development of entrepreneurship and the success of entrepreneurs. On this basis; The present applied research, which has a mixed nature (quantitative-qualitative) was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method; There is an attempt to diagnose the current situation of entrepreneurship development in the rural areas of Tuysarkan, Hamadan province. The data was collected in the theoretical part using documentary studies and in the practical part based on field survey using interview and questionnaire tools. The statistical community of the research includes development officials, local managers and experts, and scientific experts in the region, who use a targeted method and snowball method in both qualitative and quantitative sections; At first, 19 people were identified as a Delphi group and subjected to semi-structured interviews, and then, the findings of the interviews were given to 35 other members of these groups for confirmation and generalization in the form of a questionnaire. became. Analyzing the interviews in the qualitative part in order to reach the causal, interventional and background factors that shape the current state of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the strategies adopted by economic actors and the economic and social results formed at the regional level by using database technique and in a small part by using the path analysis test, it was concluded that on this basis; The results showed that 72 challenges and obstacles in the form of the main components of weakness in management, policy-making and development planning (the most effective component); the inappropriateness of the business environment; Weakness in providing needed infrastructure, services and facilities; Weaknesses of marketing, sales and technical and practical obstacles; social and cultural barriers; educational and promotional restrictions; Weakness of financial resources; Weakness in the mental and behavioral beliefs of the villagers and includes two main dimensions of weaknesses and inadequacies related to environmental factors and individual and personality factors affecting self-employment and entrepreneurship; They are effective as inhibiting factors in the direction of entrepreneurship development and the success of entrepreneurs in the study area. In this regard, intervention and background factors; Adopted strategies and the results of the identified causal factors on the entrepreneurship ecosystem of the studied area were also identified.

Liver transplantation, which is done by spending a lot of resources and expenses at hospitals, is an important medical choice for patients suffering fulminant hepatitis and end stage liver diseases. So it is significant to find some ways to manage the patients more efficiently and to reduce caring expenses. The aim of this study is to determine the influential effects of lingering recipients’ length of stay at hospital after liver transplantation.

This study is a retrospective and the research community includes all patients under liver transplantation. 161 among them are chosen by availability method concerning inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was located at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex. All factors related to post liver transplantation have been based on forms including personal information, clinical and laboratory factors mentioned in patients’ files. These forms are made by researcher and their validity and reliability have been measured. Reliability analysis is tested through Spearman and Pearson Test. Also T-test and ANOVA are used to compare the average length of stay. To assess the simultaneous effect of variables on length of stay, multiple linear regression was used.

Single variable analysis results show that there is a meaningful relation between length of stay and Bacterial infection, pulmonary effusion, ascites, renal failure (hemodialysis), wound infection, Re-operation, psychiatric problems and re-transplantation (P value<0.05). Finally, a model for most effective factor on length of stay was presented by step-by-step analysis of these influential factors through multiple linear regression.

Among many factors of post liver transplantation, there was a meaningful relation between some factors and length of stay which also influences the treatment results and related expenses. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the length of stay after liver transplantation by designing necessary variables and moderating determinate factors mentioned in this study.

Increasing anxiety level prior to the procedure may be associated with a decrease in the level of tolerance and the occurrence of physiological complications. In order to reduce stress during medical procedures, behavioral and cognitive techniques are recommended. Nursing counseling and providing essential information about the procedure to the patient is a common technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nursing counseling program on the anxiety and vital signs of patients under colonoscopy. This single-blind clinical trial was performed on 74 patients undergoing colonoscopy referring to the Colonoscopy Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. After obtaining the ethical approval from the Shahed University ethics committee, patients who had the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent were randomly assigned to intervention (n=37) and control (n=37) groups. Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used the day before the colonoscopy to investigate momentary emotional status that results from situational stress. Vital signs were recorded as well. Then counseling and education were provided individually, verbally and face-to-face for a half hour (the day before the procedure) and ten minutes (the day of conducting procedure) in the intervention group. All investigations were repeated immediately before colonoscopy in two groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (T-test, Paired t-test, Chi-square test) using SPSS software version 16. At the beginning of the study, two groups were homogeneous for demographic variables (P> 0.05). The mean of situational anxiety scores in the intervention group significantly decreased after the intervention compared to the control group (p = 0.005). Also, the systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate in the experimental group significantly decreased before the colonoscopy. In the control group, systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate increased significantly. Considering the effectiveness of nursing counseling on decreasing the level of anxiety and vital signs of the patients, it is suggested that structured counseling be provided in the patient care plan for candidates for colonoscopy and other aggressive procedures.

 

Tactile sensing plays an important role in our understanding of the environment. Mechanical arms, robots, and nerve prostheses perform better, if they have the sense of touch. Microneurography studies in humans have shown that primary afferent neurons (e.g. fingertip mechanoreceptors play an important role in encoding and separability with various types of stimuli using spike train patterns.

We developed an experimental set up to simulate the responses of Merkel mechanoreceptors to force stimulation, with considering account receptor spiking behavior. Indeed, we used sensor data and spiking properties of Merkel mechanoreceptors to discriminate force. The analog tactile signals generated from sensor were fed as input to the Izhikevich neurons in order to obtain spike trains. The features of Spike trains were extracted with rate coding and timing coding. The desired features were assigned to the k-nearest neighbors (kNN), and support vector machine (SVM) to classify the types of forces. Findings: The highest classification accuracy achieved 100% with rate coding, 81.18% with inter-spike interval coefficient of variation (ISI CV), and 82% with victor-purpura distance (VPd). From the spike trains evoked during contact, we computed the information that rate and timing codes carried about applied force.

Rate coding carried more force information than spike timing for Merkel mechanoreceptors. Moreover, as the force increased, firing rate also increased

Planning the tourism areas is performed by considering the potentials of these areas, and this will lead to greater co-ordination among the tourists. As a result, the effects of overpopulation in some places that will result in environmental costs can be minimized. This research is based on the main objective of tourism capacity building according to some of the most effective attractions of urban tourists and using advanced statistical models. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of gathering data is a survey study. The data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 19. The results of the research indicated that the criteria for capacity building of urban walkways in the province in order are Hamedan, Malayer, Kabudarahang, Nahavand, Toyserkan, Razan, Asadabad and Bahar respectively. After prioritization, the understudied areas were determined in terms of tourism infrastructure based on which Hamadan and Malayer had a very good, Kabudarahang and Nahavand middle, and Tuyserkan weak and the cities of Razan, Asadabad and Bahar very weak tourism infrastructures.

Blood transfusions and blood products are used in infants for treatment and it needs to meet the high standards of nursing care before, during and after the procedure. Therefore, investigating how nurses and other health care providers implement Haemovigilance can shed light on the various aspects of the program failures or faults. The aim of this study was to audit nursing care regarding Haemovigilance in different wards of Mofid Hospital in 2014.
A descriptive study of 132 cases in which nursing care for infants in relation to Haemovigilance were observed and evaluated. Event sampling method was applied and the 3-phase checklist was used in which “blood order”, "transfusion procedure" and "documentation" were addressed. To analyze the data, the descriptive statistics using SPSS was used.
Compliance with Haemovigilance in all areas of research in infant and neonatal intensive care units in connection with “Request” phase is 68% in relation to “transfusion” phase is 63.7%, and for “documentation” phase 76.6%. The total score in all areas of the present study was 59.6%.
Nursing care associated with Haemovigilance was assessed to be 65.8% indicating the gap between the practice and the standards. It could be attributed to the training inadequacy and the audit insufficiency.

High incidence of breast cancer in young ages in Iran and the resulting complications for families require more attention to be directed to this problem. Evaluation of electrical properties of living body organs, owing to unique and increasing clinical applications, has attracted many researchers around the world.
The impedance imaging system, manufactured by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, is an imaging technique with a capacity of determining the characteristics of live tissue in vivo. This technique is based on this principle that the carrying capacity of breast tissue is influenced by the amount of fat, glandular tissue and presence of tumor in breast, as the breast tumor has a different conductivity to the surrounding tissue. The impedance imaging system, designed to determine its efficiency for diagnosis of breast tumor, was evaluated in 17 patients whose lesions were diagnosed by sonography.
The results of impedance imaging system showed that from 49 malignant tumors, 38 tumors were diagnosed correctly and 11 cases were diagnosed as tumors. Also, from 49 healthy tissues, 44 cases were diagnosed correctly and 5 cases were diagnosed erroneously, with accuracy of 83.67.
Given its high performance, this system can be used along with sonography as a clinical tool for medical diagnoses.

We aimed to a new method to calculate the lane average width on the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) images for lane detection and extraction problem. Although some studies are reported for lane detection based on vertical projection profile, they are not automatic with low error. Average width of lane is the most important parameter that is required for automatic image processing of PFGE images. This research with the aim of using the power spectrum density to calculate the lane average width was carried out. First, based on the power spectral density, PFGE images were processed. The proposed algorithm was trained using 10 PFGE images and then evaluated for 20 PFGE images which totally consisted of 300 lanes. These images were developed using Bio-Rad model of PFGE in Microbiology Laboratory of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The power spectrum density procedure in contrast to intersection of the horizontal lane yields decreased 99.61% of calculation error for lane detection. Considering the lane average width is used in several stages for lane detection and extraction procedure, it can be concluded that the power spectrum density improves the process of lane extraction significantly.

Based on the neurophysiologic findings, astrocytes provide not only structural and metabolic supports for the nervous system but also they are active partners in neuronal activities and synaptic transmissions. In the present study, we improved two biologically plausible cortical and thalamocortical neural population models (CPM and TCPM), which were developed previously by Suffczynski and colleagues, by integrating the functional role of astrocytes in the synaptic transmission in the models. In other words, the original CPM and TCPM are modified to integrate neuronastrocyte interaction considering the idea of internal feedback proposed by Iasemidis and collaborators. Using the modified CPM and TCPM, it is demonstrated that healthy astrocytes provide appropriate feedback control for regulating the neural activities. As a result, we observed that the astrocytes are able to compensate for the variations in the cortical excitatory input and maintain the normal level of synchronized behavior. Next, it is hypothesized that malfunction of astrocytes in the regulatory feedback loop can be one of the probable causes of seizures. That is, pathologic astrocytes are not any more able to regulate and/or compensate the excessive increase of the cortical excitatory input. Consequently, disruption of the homeostatic or signaling function of astrocytes may initiate the hypersynchronous firing of neurons. Our results confirm the hypothesis and suggest that the neuronastrocyte interaction may represent a novel target to develop effective therapeutic strategies to control seizures.