فهرست مطالب مرتضی ترخان

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion focused therapy as one of the effective and new methods in reducing anxiety and perceived stress in patients with corona disease. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical populations of the study included all men and women with corona disease in Tonkabon, Iran, in 2021. The samples of this study consisted of 30 men and women with corona disease who were selected through available sampling. The applied questionnaires in the study included Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Perceived Stress Scale. The experimental groups received eight seasons of compassion focused therapy once a week, while the control group didn't receive any intervention during the study. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA). The findings showed that compassion focused therapy could significantly reduce anxiety and perceived stress. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that compassion focused therapy can be considered as an effective intervention to reduce anxiety and perceived stress in patients with corona disease.

A perceptual perspective is one of the factors related to the normal functioning of family members, especially couples. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented and positive cognitive-behavioral therapies on self-perception and spouse-perception among married women referring to counseling centers in Tehran.

This experimental study was of a pre-test-post-test design with a control and follow-up group. Participants included 45 married women who had been referred to the counseling centers of the Cultural-Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality in 2017-2018 in order to solve their marital problems, who were selected by random sampling method and randomly divided into three groups, including two experimental groups and one control group. Data were collected via the self-perception scale and spouse-scale perception scale. Theexperimental groups underwent nine sessions of emotion-focused therapy, and eight sessions of positive cognitive-behavioral therapy, while no intervention was done for the control group. The pre-test was performed before the sessions began. At the end of the sessions, the post-test was performed, and after three months after the post-test period, a follow-up was performed. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance and analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 25.

In the emotion-oriented treatment group, the mean (SD) score of comprehension perspective increased from 14.2 (1.4) in the pre-test to 22.1 (1.1) in the post-test, and 24.1 (1.2) in the follow-up period, P<0.001. In the positive cognitive-behavioral therapy group, themean (SD) score of comprehension perspective increased from 15.2 (0.1) in the pre-test to 25.5 (0.2) in the post-test, and 27.4 (1.9) in the follow-up, P<0.001. In the emotion-focused treatment group, the mean (SD) of the spouse's comprehension perspective increased from 13.9 (1.1) in the pre-test to 21.8 (0.1) in the post-test, and 24.1 (1.2) in the follow-up, P<0.001. In the positive cognitive-behavioral therapy group, the mean (SD) score of the spouse's comprehension perspective increased from 14.4 (0.7) in the pre-test to 25.2 (2.1) in the post-test, and 27.4 (1.1) in the follow-up, P<0.001. In the control group, the scores of both variables in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up were not different. Positive cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than emotion-focused therapy in improving self-understanding (cognition and strategy) and spouse's understanding of vision (cognition and strategy) in post-test and this effectiveness lasted until follow-up.

Emotion-oriented therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy led to increased empathy and understanding among married women. Positive cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than emotion-focused therapy in improving self-understanding, and spouse's understanding of vision in post-test and this effectiveness lasted until follow-up.

Disruption of family functions and problems caused by incompatibility and marital dissatisfaction, directly and indirectly, put harmful effects on the shoulders of couples, families, children, and society. Many spouses experience couple turmoil in their relationships. Although couple turmoil is not a clinical disorder, it causes psychological and physical pain and turmoil. Cognitive dysfunction refers to the attribution of chronic negative attributions and rejection of the positive behaviors of the spouse. Emotional dysfunction is defined as emotional problems, including chronic sadness, indifference, or anger towards one's spouse, rooted in childhood attachment styles. Behavioral dysfunction is defined as difficulty in resolving conflict and avoidance and excessive involvement. Marital conflict causes dysfunctional behavior in the relationship between couples. It seems that one of the effective interventions for emotional, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction is emotion–oriented therapy. Another treatment is positive cognitive–behavioral therapy. In this treatment, clients and therapists are asked to shift their attention from analysis, explanations, and problems to thoughts, feelings, and actions that help clients flourish. So, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotion–focused and cognitive–positive behavioral therapies on emotional, cognitive and behavioral impairment functions.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design, a three–month follow–up period and a control group. The study population consisted of married women referred to counseling centers of Tehran municipality cultural–artistic organizations during 2017–2018. The sample consisted of 45 married women selected by purposeful and random sampling. Then, they were randomly divided into three groups of 15 people each (emotion–oriented group, positive cognitive–behavioral therapy group, and control group). The inclusion criteria were as follows: going to the counseling center with the intention of solving the problems related to their marital relations, not applying for divorce, not participating in counseling or psychological sessions at the same time, aged 20–45 years. The exclusion criteria included simultaneous participation in another treatment program and absence in more than two treatment sessions. The study data were gathered via Experiences in Close Relationship Scale–Short Form (ECR–S) (Wei et al., 2007), Relationship Attribution Measure (RAM) (Fincham & Bradbury, 1992), and Organizational Conflict Inventory–II (ROCI–II) (Rahim, 1983). In this research, emotion–oriented therapy consisted of nine 90–minute sessions was performed once a week for the first experimental group. Also, positive cognitive–behavioral therapy included eight 90–minute sessions and was performed once a week for the second experimental group. However, no intervention was provided for the control group. In order to describe the data, central and dispersion indices such as mean and standard deviation were used. To analyze the data, the repeated measurements analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used. The mentioned statistical analyzes were done using SPSS version 24 software. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

Results showed that the analysis of variance of emotional dysfunctions (anxious attachment and avoidant attachment) and behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions was significant for time effect (p<0.001), group effect (p<0.001), and interaction of time and group effect (p<0.001). Positive cognitive–behavioral therapy and emotion–oriented therapy were effective in reducing emotional, behavioral, and cognitive dysfunctions (p<0.05). Positive cognitive–behavioral therapy was more effective in reducing cognitive dysfunction (p<0.001) and behavioral dysfunction (p<0.001) in the posttest compared to emotion–oriented therapy. Also, according to the comparison of the averages of the two groups of emotion–oriented therapy and positive cognitive–behavioral therapy regarding the variable of emotional dysfunction, emotion–oriented therapy was more effective in reducing emotional dysfunction in the posttest compared to positive cognitive–behavioral therapy (anxious attachment p=0.021 and avoidant attachment p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest stages and the pretest and follow–up stages in the mean scores of the emotional dysfunctions (anxious attachment and avoidant attachment) and behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the average scores of the three mentioned variables between the posttest and follow–up stages, which indicates the continuity and sustainability of the treatments in the three–month follow–up period (p>0.05).

According to findings, emotion–oriented therapy and positive cognitive–behavioral therapy are effective in reducing emotional, cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. However, positive cognitive–behavioral therapy is more effective than emotion–focused therapy in reducing cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions in the posttest. Also, emotion–focused therapy is more effective than positive cognitive–behavioral therapy in reducing emotional dysfunction in the posttest.

The elderly need proper medical and psychiatric care and attention. So, choosing an appropriate therapeutic method for their psychological care, especially in the elderly with cognitive impairment, will be effective in improving their psychological symptoms and health. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation on agitation and apathy in male elders with mild cognitive impairment. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all male elderly with mild cognitive impairment residing of nursing homes in Alborz province, Iran. At first, Kahrizak Charity Hospice was selected by purposeful sampling method, and then 51 elderly people were selected based on inclusion criteria, and assigned randomly into two experimental groups (humor and cognitive rehabilitation) and one control group. Cohen-Mansfield’s Agitation Inventory, Apathy’s Evaluation Scale and Montreal’s Cognitive Assessment-Basic were used to collect data. The two intervention groups received eight 90-minute sessions of Humor therapy based on the Mcghee’s 7 Humor Habits Program and Kelly and O’Sullivan’s Cognitive Rehabilitation, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The results of univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that humor therapy reduces agitation and apathy. Moreover, cognitive rehabilitation reduced agitation and apathy. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in terms of reducing agitation and apathy. According to the effectiveness of humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in reducing agitation and apathy in this study, these interventions can be applied to improve psychological symptoms, personal functioning and interpersonal relationships in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

The purpose of this study was to predict Alexithymia. based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional expressiveness with the role of mediating cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The research method was correlational and path analysis studies. For this study, 300 patients with chronic pain referred to Tehran hospitals were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants completed the questionnaires of early maladaptive schemas Yang (1988), King's and Ammons emotional expressiveness (1990), Toronto Emotional Intelligence (1994), Tagizadeh and Nikkhah's Cognitive Flexibility (2015). Amos and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results of path analysis showed that only the domains of disturbed constraints of 0.18 and other areas of orientation of 0.14 have a positive effect in explaining the variance of alexithymia (p <0.05). Emotional expression in explaining the variance of alexithymia by -0.27; Affects the mediating variable (cognitive flexibility) -0.44 (p <0.01). Finally, emotional expression with an impact factor of -0.31 has an indirect effect on alexithymia through cognitive flexibility (p <0.01). The results of this study can be used to reduce the level of alexithymia by correcting early maladaptive schemas, emotional expression and cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain.

Mild cognitive impairment, in addition to imposing costs on community health, increases the risk of dementia. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Humor Training" on agitaion and cognitive function in male elders with mild cognitive impairment.

The present study is a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included elderly men with mild cognitive impairment in Kahrizak Charity  in Alborz province in 2020. A sample of 34 male elders with mild cognitive impairment was purposefully selected based on the “Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic” score and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data were collected from demographic questionnaire; “Cohen-Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory” and “Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic”. The validity of the instruments was determined by the convergent validity method and their reliability was determined by the internal consistency correlation method by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The intervention group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of "Humor Training" based on "The 7 Humor Habits Program”. Data were analyzed in SPSS .24.

After intervention, there was a significant difference between intervention and control groups in agitation and cognitive function (P <0.01). After controlling the pre-test score, there was a significant difference between the intervention group with mean (99.80) and the control with mean (106.08) in agitation and the intervention group (mean 20.76) and control (mean, 16.82) in cognitive function was observed. 

"Humor Training" reduced agitation and increased cognitive function in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is suggested that "Humor Training " be used to promote health, improve individual functioning and interpersonal relationships in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

Due to the significant growth of textual information and data generated by humans on social networks, there is a need for systems that can automatically analyze the data and extract valuable information from them. One of the most important textual data is people's opinions about a particular topic that are expressed in the form of text. Text published by users on social networks can represent their personality. Although machine learning based methods can be considered as a good choice for analyzing these data, there is also a remarkable need for deep learning based methods to overcome the complexity and dispersion of content and syntax of textual data during the training process. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to employ deep learning based methods for personality recognition. Accordingly, the convolutional neural network is combined with the Adaboost algorithm to consider the possibility of using the contribution of various filter lengths and gasp their potential in the final classification via combining various classifiers with respective filter sizes using AdaBoost. The proposed model was conducted on Essays and YouTube datasets. Based on the empirical results, the proposed model presented superior performance compared to other existing models on both datasets.

Chronic Pain is a weakening condition which not only exposes the person suffering to stress due to pain, but also encounters him or her with continuous tension and influences various aspects of his or her life and disturb it. The aim of the study, was prediction of Alexithymia based on early Maladaptive Schemas and Perfectionism with the Mediating role of Cognitive Flexibility in people with Chronic Pain. For this purpose, from the patients with Chronic Patients who have referred to Tehran hospitals, 300 people were chosen be convenience sampling and assessed regarding Alexithymia, Early Maladaptive Schemas, Perfectionism, and cognitive flexibility. Results of route analysis showed Cognitive Flexibility with the rate of 0.23 has negative effect on Alexithymia (p < 0.05). Among the areas of early Maladaptive Schemas, only the area of disrupted limitations in explanation of Alexithymia variance has 0.13 positive effect (p < 0.01). Another finding of the study showed that Maladaptive Perfectionism has the rate of -0.279 effect in explanation variance of Alexithymia (p < 0.01); and Adaptive Perfectionism in explanation of Cognitive Flexibility variance, has effect with the rate of 0.139 (P < 0.05). Ultimately, indirect effect of Adaptive Perfectionism with the effect rate of -0.035 on Alexithymia through Cognitive Flexibility is meaningful (P < 0.05).

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion focused therapy on cognitive flexibility and social sufficiency of women with marital conflicts. This research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. Using felner and etal's social sufficiency, Denis and Vendervall’s cognitive flexibility and Sanai and Barati's marital conflicts, questionnaires, 30 women of with marital conflicts. Were purposive selected and were randomly assigned in two experimental and control group (each group was 15). The experiment group received 8 sessions of CFT based on Gillbert's instruction package and the control group did not receive any training in this field. After executing the CFT, social sufficiency, cognitive flexibility and marital conflicts of the members of two groups were measured again. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA). Calculated F either in the Mancova analysis and either in the Ancova analysis for variables of social sufficiency , cognitive flexibility, showed significant differences in both groups. The results of this study which are in line with other studies that CFT has significant role in increasing social sufficiency and cognitive flexibility in the women with marital conflicts

the present study aimed at studying the relationship between job stress and personality traits and also if the effect of job stress on personality traits was moderated by social support.

The populations consisted of offshore personnel working in Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC) in Kharg Island. 234 participants using convenience sampling answered three questionnaires (job stress, very brief NEO-form, and perceived social support of family-scale). Four main hypotheses using structural equation analysis were examined.

The findings showed a predictive effect between the personality traits and job stress except for openness to experience such that job stress had an increasing effect on neuroticism and a decreasing effect on extraversion, agreeability, and conscientiousness. Social support, on the other hand, as a moderator decreased the effects of job stress on personality traits except for openness to experience, extraversion, and agreeability such that it decreased neuroticism and increased conscientiousness.

the results generally revealed the predictive effects of job stress on personality traits and showed that social support, as a buffer, can reduce the effects of job stress on personality traits. The results were discussed based on the existing models on personality changes.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perception of merit, sense of cohesion and responsibility with job creativity of Tonekabon girls' public high school teachers. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study included the teachers of Tonekabon girls' high schools. The statistical sample consisted of 182 teachers who were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included Antonowski (1993) Sense of Cohesion Questionnaire, Carroll Responsibility Questionnaire (1991), Jazni Job Creativity Questionnaire (2003) and Harter Competence Questionnaire (1985). Data analysis using stepwise regression test showed that there is a significant relationship between competency perception, sense of cohesion and responsibility with job creativity of Tonekabon girls' public high school teachers (P <0.05) and the variable responsibility and competency perception is the most predictable predictor. .

A topic that has attracted the attention of health–related scholars to the relationship between biopsychological factors and the development of medical illnesses. Moreover, health psychology researchers have investigated the relationship between the immune system activity and psychological indicators. This research aimed to predict the warning signs of immune deficiency through a sense of humor and explanatory styles with the mediation of the locus of control and personality type in nurses.

This correlational study aimed to forecast relationships between the study variables. It was performed among 281 nurses. The study subjects were selected through random sampling method; they completed Svebak’s Sense of Humor Questionnaire (1996), Scheier and Carver’s Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) (1994), Rotterchr('39')s Locus of Control Scale (1996), Friedman and Rosenman’s Personality Type Questionnaire (1987), and Jeffrey Modell’s Warning Signs for Immunodeficiency Questionnaire (2009). The obtained data were analyzed by AMOS software through path analysis approach.

The current study results suggested that the proposed model had an appropriate fitness for x2/df, NFI, CFI, GFI, RMSEA indices. There was a significant and positive correlation between the explanatory style and locus of control in the investigated subjects (r=0.26, p≤0.001). Additionally, there was a significant and positive correlation between the explanatory style variables and the signs of immunodeficiency in the study subjects (r=0.53, p≤0.001). There was a significant and negative correlation between a sense of humor and the signs of immunodeficiency (r=–0.56, p≤0.001). The achieved results also revealed a significant and positive correlation between the sense of humor and personality type in the research subjects (p≤0.001, r=0.59). The current study findings signified a significant and positive association between personality type variables and the signs of immunodeficiency in the study subjects (p<0.001, r=0.57). Furthermore, the value of RMSEA was equal to 0.05, i.e., <0.1; accordingly, the mean square error of the model was appropriate and the model was acceptable. Additionally, the amount of x2 and the degree of freedom (1.80) ranged between 1 and 3, and the index of CFI and NFI was >0.9, indicating that the model was appropriate for measuring the research variables. Moreover, the study did not explain style path and the signs of immunodeficiency were not significantly different; however, the relationship between the locus of control and the signs of the immunodeficiency was significant and positive (p≤0.001). The standardized regression coefficient for the path of humor and signs of immunodeficiency was negative and significant (r= –0.56, p=0.001); the same for personality trait pathway and the warning signs of the immunodeficiency was positive and significant (r= –0.57, p≤0.001). Besides, the obtained results demonstrated that the overall indirect effect of the explanation style and personality type was significant on the symptoms of immunodeficiency with the multiple mediation of the locus of control (p≤0.001, R2=0.65). Additionally, the overall indirect effect of the sense of humor was significant on the signs of immunodeficiency with the mediation of multivariate locus of control and personality type (p≤0.001, R2=0.69).

These findings suggested that the immunodeficiency activity is affected by psychological indicators and personality traits. Thus, such findings could be promising to develop skills of training for individuals to implement them for the improvement of the function of the immunodeficiency system.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of imagotherapy and emotion-focused couple therapy on the psychological well-being of maladaptive and involved couples.

The method of this study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation, experimental and in a pretest-posttest design with one control group and two experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all volunteer couples who responded to the call and were registered by the centers. 
The couple had been referred to a counseling center in Noushahr District 2 in the year 1396 because of their betrayal problems. Thirty-three eligible couples were then randomly assigned to three groups of imagotherapy (11 couples), emotion-focused therapy couples (11 couples) and control groups (11 couples). Sampling method was available. Data were collected by library and field methods. Spanier (1976) Short Form Reef Psychological Well-Being and Marital Incompatibility Questionnaires were used to collect information in the field. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Considering the higher mean scores of imagotherapy group in posttest, it can be concluded that betrayal was more effective than emotional couple therapy in increasing couples' psychological well-being.

The results showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of imagotherapy on the psychological well-being of couples involved in infidelity.

The Purpose of this research was to study the relationship between predicting of psychological well-being through defense mechanisms and cognitive self-differentiation in students. The research method was correlation and participants of this research were 125 people of students selected via simple randomization. The research materials were: Skowron and Friddlander Self-differentiation Questionnair, Andrews, Sing and Bond Defense Styles Questionnaire and Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. . Multiple regression analysis with stepwise method and Pearson correlation showed that cognitive self-differentiation %8/23, mature defense mechanism %5/53, immature defense mechanism %4/30, neurotic defense mechanism %4/12 and the generally explained %22/18 of common variance (R²) of psychological well-being of students. The findings of this research indicated that cognitive self-differentiation, mature defense mechanism, immature defense mechanism and neurotic defense mechanism have basic role in psychological well-being of students.

The present research aimed at examining the effectiveness of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on negative automatic thoughts, aggression and dysfunctional attitudes of aggressive students. The research method was semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. With using of Hollon & Kendall`s automatic thoughts, Wissman, Beck`s dysfunctional attitudes and Ahwaze aggression questionnaires, 30 aggressive students with above negative automatic thoughts, aggression and dysfunctional attitudes were randomly selected and were randomly assigned to experimental and control group(15 persons in each group). The experiment group receive 8 sessions of MBCT techniques on Segal & et al instruction package and the control group did not receive any training. After MBCT training, negative automatic thoughts, aggression and dysfunctional attitudes of the control and experimental group people were measured again. The finding were analysed with using multivariate covariance analysis(Man Cova). Calculated amounts for negative automatic, aggression and dysfunction attitudes variables showed significant differences in both two groups. Generally, present research findings indicate that MBCT method can be as an effective intervention in decreasing the negative automatic thoughts, aggression rate and dysfunction attitudes of aggressive students

The present research aimed at examining the comparison the effectiveness of imagery rescripting and reprocessing therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction on insomnia and negative automatic thoughts in cancer women. This research method was semi experimental with pretest-posttest design. Using Kendal & Hollon`s negative automatic thoughts and Morien`s insomnia intensity questionnaires, 42 women of cancer who had negative automatic thoughts and insomnia were randomly selected and were voluntarily assigned in two experimental and one control group (each group was 14). The first experimental group received 7 sessions IRRT techniques based on the Smoker`s educational package (once a week) and the second experimental group received 8 sessions MBSR techniques based on the Kabat-Zinn’s educational package (once a week) and the control group did not receive any training in this field. After executing the IRRT and MBSR, negative automatic thoughts and insomnia of the members of the three groups were measured again. Multivariate covariance analysis (Man Cova) was used to analyze data. Calculated F for negative automatic thoughts and insomnia showed a significant difference in all three groups, also IRRT has also been more effective in reducing negative automatic thoughts than MBSR but these two therapeutic methods have no significant difference in insomnia. In general, this research indicated that the IRRT and MBSR method can be considered an effective intervention in reducing negative automatic thoughts and insomnia in women with cancer.

The aim of this research to study the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on body image and irrational beliefs women with breast cancer. This research method was semi-experimental and with pretest-posttest design with control group. Using Jones`s irrational beliefs questionnaire and Soeiter-Garcia`s body image questionnaire, 30 people of women with breast cancer with low body image and high irrational beliefs were simple randomly selected and were simple randomly assigned to experimental and control group (15 person in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of Linehan`s Dialectical behavior Therapy techniques (one or two session weekly) and the control group did not received any intervention. After the intervention, body image and irrational beliefs of control and experimental group were measured again. The findings were analysed with using multivariate covariance analysis (Mancova). Calculated F for original hypotheses and secondary hypotheses showed significant differences in both two groups. This investigation in the encourage of similar studies results indicated that DBT had effective role in increase body image and decrease irrational beliefs of women with breast cancer

Stability or changes of personality during the life is one of the controversial issues in psychology. Both views have reasons to prove their hypothesis. In this study the changes in personality traits of employees of offshore oil installations were studied. The assessment tools are mid-life personality development questionnaire (MLPD) and semi-structured interview. The subjects ( N=87) were divided into three groups in terms of job history: 1 to 5 years, 6 to 10 years and up to 10 years. Findings: Comparing the mean scores of the six dimensions of personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, adaptability and agency) showed that with increasing job experience increase in conscientiousness and decline in neuroticism can be seen. But the findings of semi-structured interview showed different changes in personality traits linked to length of employment. In such a way that whatever retention period in offshore oil installations increases decline in extraversion and increase in neuroticism can be seen. This finding contradicts the normative changes of personality, reflecting the impact of social status and occupation on personality traits

The purpose of this study was to predict marital conflicts based on religious attitude in women applicants for divorce in Rasht city.
The statistical population of this correlational study included all women applicants for divorce in Rasht in the first half of the year 2017. In this research, a sample of 180 people is considered according to Morgan's table. In order to collect information, marital conflicts questionnaire and religious attitude questionnaire of Khodayari Fard and Ghobari Bonab have been used. In order to analyze the data, the descriptive statistics method and in order to determine the relationship between Kolmogrov-Smirnov tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used by step-by-step method.
The results showed the negative and linear relationship between religious attitude and marital conflicts in women at level of 0.01. The results indicated that the religious attitude can explain 7.7 percent of marital conflict variance.
Based on the results, generally religious attitude has a role in prediction of marital conflict.

This research was conducted to study The forecast of the warning signs of immune deficiency through attachment style, sense of humor, explanatory style and perceived stress with locus of control mediation and personality type in nurses.
This research is correlational and forecasts that was performed among 281 in nurses. The subjects were selected through cluster sampling and they all answered Collins and Read attachment style questionnaire, Svebak sense of humor questionnaire, Scheier andCarver explanatory style questionnaire, Rotter locus of control questionnaire, Cohen perceived stress Scale, Friedman & Rosenman personality type questionnaire and Jeffrey Modell warning signs of immune deficiency questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by Amos software through path analysis.
The results showed that the proposed model is very convenient for mentioned indicators. Secure attachment style whit warning signs are negatively correlated (p≤0/01), and ambivalent attachment style is positively correlated (p≤0/01). Locus of control with warning signs are positively correlated (p≤0/01), humor with warning signs are negatively correlated (p≤0/01) and personality type with warning signs are positively correlated (p≤0/01).
The activity of the immune system can be predicted directly or indirectly through psychological and personality traits.

The aim of this studywas to investigate the role of mindfulnessandmeta-parenting in effective parenting and parenting stress. The sample group included 196 parents of elementary school students in the academic year 2014-2015 in Pakdasht city who were selected by purposive sampling. Participants completed Parenting Style Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1973), Mindful Attention Awareness (Ryan and Brown, 2003), Meta-Parenting Questionnaire (Hawk & Holden, 2006) and Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1990). The data were analyzed by Pearson multiple regression analysis. The results showed that mindfulness andcomponentof meta-parenting (anticipation) can be predict authoritarian style and authoritative style. The results showed that mindfulness and componentof meta-parenting (anticipation and reflection) had predictive power forparental stress in child and parent context (P

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of psychoeducation on increasing insight and reducing mania symptoms in patients with bipolar I disorder in mania phase.
This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included patients with bipolar I disorder in Shafa hospital in Rasht City, Iran, from April 2016 to September 2017. First, the subjects were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria; then, 24 patients were selected based on convenience sampling and randomly assigned to equal intervention and control groups. In addition to medication, the intervention group received psychoeducation for 8 sessions per week, and the control group received only medication. The present study was a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and control group. Mania and introspection symptoms were assessed before and after intervention using Young's Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Scale to Assess Unawareness in Mental Disorder (SUMD). The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.
Findings: The intervention group showed statistically significant increase in insight, but no significant difference was found between the mania symptoms among the intervention and control groups.
Psychoeducation as well as pharmacotherapy was effective in increasing insight, but had no effect on the mania symptoms among the patients with bipolar I disorder.

The present research aimed at examining the effect of imagery rescripting and reprocessing therapy (IRRT) on negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes of women with cancer. This research was semi-experimental with comparison design of unequal control group. Using Kendal and Hellonn`s (date?) Negative Automatic Thoughts and Weissmen & Beck`s Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire, 28 women with cancer who had negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes were randomly selected and were voluntarily assigned into experimental and control groups (14 person in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of IRRT techniques on basic Smoker`s educational package (one session weekly) and the control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention of IRRT, negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes of the members of both groups were measured again. MANCOVA was used to analyze the data. Calculated F for negative automatic thought and dysfunctional attitudes variables showed significant difference in both groups. Generally, this research in the agreement with other similar studies indicated that the IRRT method might be an effective intervention in decreasing negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes of women with cancer.

The main purpose of this research was to study the moderating role of depression and procrastination in the effects OF self-compassion on adaptive social functioning in high school students. The research method was descriptive correlational and the sample of the research included 288High school boy students of Nowshahr City who were selected by Multistage cluster sampling method. In this research a set of questionnaires were used namely, Inventory of self compassion, depression, procrastination and adaptive and social performance. The results showed that Self-compassion was not significant effect on social-adaptive performance. Depression was a significant effect on social-adaptive performance and procrastination was a significant effect on social-adaptive performance(P≤0.01). Results of hierarchical regression showed that Depression and procrastination had a moderating role in the effect of self-compassion on social-adaptive performance. So it can be expressed that by reducing symptoms of depression and procrastination can be improve adaptive social performance in students.

The present research aimed at examining the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on emotion regulation and life meaning of depressed women. This research was Semi experimental, with pretest-posttest and control group design . Using Beck`s depression, John and Gross`s emotion regulation and Steger and et al life meaning questionnaire, 30 people of depressed women with low emotion regulation and life meaning were randomly selected and were voluntarily assigned to experimental and control groups (15 persons in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of Hayes`s ACT techniques (one session weekly) and the control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention of ACT, the emotion regulation and life meaning of the members of both groups was measured again. Multivariate covariance analysis (Man Cova) was used to analyse data. Calculated F for emotional regulation and life meaning variables showed significant difference in both two groups. Generally, the findings of this study indicate that the ACT method can be an effective intervention in increasing the emotional regulation and life meaning of depressed women.