مرضیه شاه سیاه

Being meaningful leads to happiness and enables people to interpret events and to develop values ​​for themselves about how human lives and what s/he wants in life. Since the Holy Quran has presented the way of living a meaningful life, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of teaching the ways of finding meaning based on the Quranic teachings on the happiness of female theologians in Qom.

This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test post-test control group design conducted as a group consultation in eight sessions. The statistical population of this study included all female theologians studying in the first semester in 2019 academic year in Qom. The sample population of this study was 60 female theologians aged between 18 to 25 years in the undergraduate level, who voluntarily enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into two control and experiment groups. The research instrument was the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The descriptive and analytical statistical methods (analysis of covariance) were used to analyze the data. In the present study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors declared no conflict of interest.

The results of data analysis showed that the mean happiness score for the experimental group was 94.51+31.40 before the intervention and 130.13+14.87 after group counseling. As a result, the ways of finding meaning based on Quranic teachings were effective in the level of happiness of religious scholars (P<0.001).

As the Quran verses have explained the ways of living a meaningful life, the concepts of Holy Quran are suggested to be used for students and theologians to create happiness.

Background and Objective: Today, cyberspace and social networks and satellites, as one of the hallmarks of modern communication technology, have a powerful place in human personal and social life, affecting the personal and social lives of individuals and families. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of satellite use and social networks in marital satisfaction and intimacy. Methods: The method used in this study is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women in Qom in 2019, out of whom 144 were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. Enrich Short Form Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and Bachelor Marriage Intimacy Questionnaire were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: The findings showed that the effect of amount of cyberspace use on intimacy variable (P=0.02) and marital satisfaction (P=0.000) was significant, meaning that with a one-unit increase in the amount of space use and satellite, intimacy decreases, and this trend also applies to marital satisfaction, meaning that marital satisfaction is reduced as the result of the use of cyberspace and satellite. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that excessive use of social networks can have a negative impact on the family institution and create an innate conflict for couples.

Depression is one of the fourth most common diseases and will be the second most prevalent disease in the world by 2020 predicted by the World Health Organization. Considering the high frequency of depression among students and role of nutrition in psychological disorders according to the literature, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of depression in female students residing in the dormitory of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, and their intake of different food groups.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 345 students living in the dormitory of Qom University of Medical Sciences randomly selected in 2018. The data were collected using the food frequency questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory and analyzed by analysis of variance and regression. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

According to the Beck questionnaire, the scores of 9 or less (normal) and 10 or more (levels of depression) were reported for 57.5% and 42.5% of the students, respectively. Although no significant relationship was observed between the scores of the Beck questionnaire with the intake of different food groups and anthropometric indices of the subjects, a positive correlation was observed between the consumption of dairies, oil groups, and sweets with the prevalence of depression.

With regard to the observation of some levels of depression among a number of students living in the dormitory and important role of medical and paramedical students in the promotion of health in the communities, it is suggested to consider the elimination of underlying factors of depression as a health priority.

Marital satisfaction contains positive relationship between each person and her or his spouse’s family members, positive dynamism in the original family, self-esteem and religious homogeny of couples. Religious beliefs and commitments are one of the important factors in marital satisfaction. The main aim of this study was evaluating the relationship between religious orientation and marital satisfaction among couples of Qom City.
In this cross sectional descriptive - analytical Study, the study population included all the couples referred to counseling centers and psychological clinics of Qom City. Among them, 150 people, of those who volunteered to participate, were selected. The required information was collected using Azarbaijani’s Religious Orientation Questionnaire and Valter’s Index of Marital Satisfaction. All the data were analyzed by correlation, regression in SPSS-17.
findings show that there is a positive correlation between religious orientation and marital satisfaction(r= -0.511, p=0.001). This means that religious orientation can predict marital satisfaction (R2= 0.771, p=0.006).
considering the importance of religious beliefs and orientations in families especially among couples, taking training programs for improving quality of marriage life and family is suggested.

Improving competent and active groups’ quality of life level is one of the important health priorities which understanding effective factors have been noticed in the recent years. This study aimed to determine the relationship between religious orientation and students’ quality of life at Qom University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive – analytical study was done on 98 students at Qom University of Medical Sciences using random selection method. The survey data was collected through the religious Orientation Scale and quality of life questionnaire and then was analyzed by means of SPSS 16 software using t-test and Pearson correlation tests. The mean scores and standard deviations of religious orientation and quality of life were 194/95 ± 14/46 and 524/67 ± 47/05, respectively. There was not observed any significant relationship between religious orientation and quality of life domains of the students, statistically (p>0/05). obtaining desirable the quality of life and religious orientation scores was a positive finding in this study. Lack of significant relationship between these two components indicates a need for more researches about religious practice.

Marital Adjustment and satisfaction are one of the broadest concepts for determining and indicating the degree of happiness and stability in couple's relationship. Marital Adjustment affects on many aspects of individual and social life of people. Cognitive-behavioral treatments with couples in order to increase and enhance positive communications, training communication skills, problem solving, and conflict and changing the patterns of the thought are causing destructive. The aim of this research was to survey and compare the effect of couples group training based on cognitive-behavioral approach on marital Adjustment of Qom couples. Methods and Materials: This study is semi-empirical and used pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical sample was consisted of all self-introduced couples to Family Counseling Center of Qom in 2012-2013. Sampling method is voluntary and 60 couples randomly placed into control and experimental groups. For gathering data, demographic questionnaire and marital Adjustment measurement were used. For analyzing data, SPSS-17 software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods (ANCOVA) were used. The study results in ANCOVA analysis indicated that cognitive-behavioral approach meaningfully affected marital Adjustment dimensions (P<0/05, F= 6/48), marital satisfaction (P<0/05, F=2/98), pair correlation (P<0/05, F=3/13), pair agreement (P<0/05, F=2/96) and expressing affection (P<0/05, F=3/96). According to structural components of cognitive-behavioral approach, it can be said that this approach with enhancing communication skills and solving conflict among couples, cause to decrease dissatisfaction and increase adaptability.

Marital commitment is an important predictor between couples for satisfactory and stable marriages. Lifelong commitment to marriage, loyalty to one’s spouse, strong moral value, respect for one’s spouse as a best friend and a commitment to sexual are of satisfactory marriage characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Islam-based cognitive-behavioral couple therapy training on Qom women’s marital commitment. This study is semi-empirical and pretest-posttest with control group was used. The study population included those referred Couples Family Counseling Center in 2010-2011, which were referred to their representative. The sample consisted of 80 women who participated in the study voluntarily and were randomly available into intervention and control groups. The trial of cognitive behavioral group training was Islam-based. Study instrument of Demographic and marital commitment questionnaires were used. For data analysis, SPSS-16 software using descriptive statistics and analysis (ANCOVA) with P<0.05 was used. The results indicated that Islam-based couple therapy had promoted couple’s martial commitment and its aspects, that is personal and behavioral and structural commitment of couples) p> 0.001). Given the role of religion in marriage, this approach could be adapted to other aspects such as satisfaction and. .. They also have a direct or indirect effect on marital commitment are to be effective.

Religious beliefs are among the important factors of marital satisfaction and compatibility. Religion is one of the most effective spiritual fulcrums that are able to provide the meaning of life in every moment of life. Religious beliefs and credence are important factors in marital satisfaction. The main purpose of this study was the survey of the relationship between religious orientation, and marital satisfaction and compatibility among couples of Qom City.This study was performed by the descriptive correlation method. The study population included all the couples referred to counseling centers and psychological clinics of Qom City. Therefore, 150 couples have been selected who volunteered themselves in this study. Required information was collected by the Azerbaijani religious orientation (2003) and Walter marital satisfaction (1992) questionnaires. The data were analyzed by SPSS Version-17 statistical software using Pearson correlation coefficients and regression and descriptive statistics.The results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between religious orientation and marital satisfaction (p>0/001). The results of regression analyses indicated that religious orientation is as a predictor of sex (p>0/001). As well, there was a positive significant relationship between religious orientation and marital compatibility (p>0/001). That is to say, religious orientation can predict martial compatibility. And there is a positive and direct relationship between marital satisfaction (p>0/001), mutual correlation (p>0/001), mutual agreement, (p>0/001)and expression of love (p>0/001).According to the importance of religious orientation and credence of family and especially in couples that increases the commitment and marital satisfaction, it has been recommended to strengthen the couple's religious beliefs in preventive and treatment programs.

Conflict is the lack of agreement and disagreement between the two men, and behavioral maladjustment or objectives that are in opposition to the other. Destructive conflicts are incidents imposed on one or more than one member of the family or the whole family and affect on them. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of solution - focused short-term approach on marital conflict decrease in Qom. This research is semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two groups of experimental and control. The populations are couples referring to family counseling centers in Qom and they were self –introduced. The samples were 50 couples who were volunteer to attend in this research, selected available and allocated randomly into two groups of experimental and control. The research measures were demographic characteristics and Sanaei’s marital conflict questionnaire. To analyze the data, covariance analysis and also descriptive statistics were used. The data analysis showed solution-focused approach is effective on couples’ all conflicts (P<0.001, F=24.089). Also, it is influenced on subscales of cooperation decrease(P<0.001, F=7.4), sexual relationship decrease(P<0.001, F=50.4), emotional reactions increase (P<0.001, F=10.89), the increase of child’s support attraction(P<0.001, F=22.3), the increase of relationship with their relatives(P<0.001, F=77.4), the decrease of relationship with the spouse’s relatives and friends(P<0.001, F=31.02), separation of financial issues from each other(P<0.001, F=71.1) and effective relationship decrease Making problem -solving skills in couples can prevent many difficulties. Problem-solving instruction is very important as one of daily life skills and it is used a lot in solution-focused approach. We can help couples solve their problems and increase their marital life satisfaction with these techniques.

marital adjustment is a kind of harmony and empathy in achieving common goals of life between husband and wife which leads to satisfaction from living together. Religion is considered as one of the most effective spiritual fulcrums which are able to provide the meaning of life in each moment of lifetime and rescue a person in special condition from suspension and meaninglessness by providing explanatory fulcrum. The main aim of this research is to study the relationship between religious orientation and marital adjustment among couples of Qom City. This is a correlation descriptive study. The study population included all the couples referred to counseling centers and psychological clinics of Qom City. So 150 people who referred to counseling centers and psychological clinics of Qom City and volunteered to participate, were selected. The required information was collected using Azarbaijani’s Religious Orientation Questionnaire (2003) and Espanire Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression. findings show that there is a positive correlation between religious orientation and marital satisfaction(r=0.45, p>0.001). This means that religious orientation can predict marital adjustment. Religious orientation also has direct and significant relationship with dimensions of dyadic satisfaction (r=0/45, p>0.001), dyadic cohesion (r=0.41, p>0.001), dyadic consensus (r=0.40, p>0.001), affection expression (r=0.317, p> 0.001). Coclusion: since religious orientation can be effective in improving relationships and marital adjustment, it is recommended to take advantage of strengthening religious beliefs of couples and cause them to approach each other in counseling.

This research aims to study and compare the impact of collective instruction of couples through relationship therapy on the intimacy of the couples from Shāhid familiesThis research has been conducted with partially experimental method and with a pre-test design. Hence, the test was done through a control group. The statistic's society includes all the couples of Shāhid families of the city of Isfahan with a specimen consisting of 24 couples from three different Shāhid Foundations of Isfahan. These specimens have been chosen from those available as well as randomly from the test and control groups. The groups responded to conjugal intimacy as the pre-test and post-test. The test group received eight sessions of collective relationship therapy instruction. The research findings were analyzed with the SPSS software as well as the statistical method called analysis of covariance and a comparison of the averages. The results indicated that the collective instruction through the relationship therapy method did not have significant impact on the intimacy of the two couples (P>05/0), but collective training method through relationship therapy method had an impact on the aspects of physical and emotional intimacy (P>05/0). The findings show that collective instruction method through relationship therapy method had increased physical and emotional intimacy.

Marital adjustment is one of the most extensive concepts to determine and show the happiness and stability rate of couples’ relationship. Marital adjustment affects on different dimensions of individuals’ personal and social life. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of solution- focused short-term couple therapy on women’s marital adjustment increase in Qom in 2012.

This research is semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. The populations are couples referring to family counseling centers in Qom and they were self –introduced. The samples were 60 women who were volunteer to attend in this research, selected available and allocated randomly into two groups of experimental and control. The research measures were demographic characteristics and Spanier’s marital adjustment questionnaire. To analyze the data, covariance analysis and also descriptive statistics were used by SPSS.

The analysis showed group education based on solution- focused short-term couple therapy has significant effect on marital adjustment (p<0/05).Also, it is influenced on satisfaction, unity and affection expression (p<0/05).

Concerning the increasing of divorce rate and marital satisfaction and adjustment decrease in recent two decades in our country, solution- focused therapy can increase marital adjustment and prevent divorce through helping couples develop effective solutions and finding exception issues in life.

Marriage is a social institution that will form the basis of human communication. Marital adaptability and satisfaction are what important in marriage. Marital adaptability is a situation in which most of the time, the couple’s feelings of happiness and satisfaction are met. Marital adaptability is made through mutual love, care for one another, acceptance, understanding each other and satisfying the needs. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of couple group training using communicative therapy on Qom women to increase adaptability. This study is semi-empirical and used pretest-posttest with control group. Population was consisted of all self-introduced women to Family Counseling Center of Qom in 2012-2013. Sampling method is voluntary and 60 women randomly placed into control and examine groups. To gather data, demographic questionnaire and marital adaptability measurement was used. To analyze data, SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (ANCOVA) was used. Study results in ANCOVA analysis indicated that communicative therapy approach affected meaningfully marital satisfaction (P<0.05, F=3.01), pair correlation (P<0.05, F=13.26), pair agreement (P<0.05, F=2.62), kindliness expression (P<0.05, F=5.88) but did not have any effect on marital adjustment (P>0.05, F=2.04). Given the importance of communication between partners, this approach can be improved and enhanced by removing barriers to marital adjustment.

Prayer is the most principle worship andthe most important divine prophet’s advice especially by holy messengerMuhammad. Prayer has been established by the divine religions and has been as an importablecomponent in all ofthem. Prayer meets the especial altitude in Islam. The effects and blesses ofthis holy value has been cited with fine and summary expression in the Quran. Refection in these unique expressions leads to indescribable rapture inthose who wish to follow the path to felicity. The philosophy، benefits،effects، requirements، and rites of prayer have been explained in many sayingof Imams and Quran Ayat. The realization of social health isinevitable necessity in human communities. Although mankind has attempted toobtain comfort، safety، living، and social health through macro and microinvestment over the centuries، the social facts and current census show that mankind hasnot achieved significant progress in this matter. Indeed، the social health hasremained as one of the most essential human concerns. However، as this matterhas been important، sociologists and experts of social science have paidattention to the study of social health and its dimensions، predictors، andpromoters. Althoughit has been paid attention to mental and social health of prayer، social healthhas been neglected yet. This topic require to further studies and evidences. The authors have been attempted to investigate the social health construct ofprayer based on Quran Ayat and saying of Imams.

One of the most important changes during pregnancy is maternal weight gain. As optimal weight gain is still a controversial issue, this matter is frequently discussed and surveyed. A limited number of studies have been performed on the correlation between pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine maternal weight gain during pregnancy based on the recommended standards, and its correlation with infant birth weight in Isfahan, Iran, in 2011. This was a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study. The data collection tool was an information form, which was completed through the patients’ family health files. The study samples were 225 mothers, who referred to health centers in Isfahan and were selected through the multistage cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed through SPSS software, with the significant level at P < 0.05. The mean weight gain during pregnancy was 11.73 kg. In the current study mean birth weight was 3193 g, while approximately 7.11% of them were LBW and 6.22% weighed higher than 4000g. Mean BMI before pregnancy was 25.3 kg/m2 in the study group. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain were significantly correlated with birth weight. Although, mean weight gain during pregnancy in this study was about its optimal value, we found that a significant percentage of mothers with low and normal weight, in the BMI subgroups, had failed to reach the optimal weight. On the other hand, a significant percentage of mothers diagnosed with overweight and obesity had gained more weight than the standard rate. However, there were a direct significant correlation between pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight.

adjustment is not automatically created، it needs couples’ attempt. In the first year of marriage، adjustment is very unstable and has the highest risk of maladjustment and divorce. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of brief solution – focused couple therapy approach on increasing couples’ adjustment in men and women prone to divorce in 2010-2011in Isfahan.

This semi – experimental research contains a pretest، post test with control and experimental groups. The statistical population was couples'' who referred themselves to crisis intervention centers. The sampling was 32 couples who were randomly selected and set in control and experimental groups. Demographics questionnaire and Spanier marital adjustment scale were used. The data was analyzed by SPSS.

Data analysis results showed that brief solution- focused couple therapy is effective on marital adjustment (P<0. 001). Related to couples’ adjustment dimensions، it showed that brief solution-focused couple therapy was effective on cohesion (P<0. 002) but did not affect significantly on agreeableness and satisfaction dimensions.

Since the divorce rate is increasing in our country، this therapeutic approach can help couples to increase marital adjustment and prevents divorce through various effective solutions.

Conflicts are inevitable among couples. In fact, couples show various levels of independence and correlation in common decisions they make and cooperation they have. High levels of conflicts would lead to family dissociation. The present study tried to evaluate the relation between sex education and on reducing the overall marital conflict score and its dimensions such as relationship with the spouse, sexual relationship, and equalization roles. This quasi-experimental study pretest-posttest and a control group was performed on 30 couples who were randomly selected from the cultural centers of Isfahan. The couples were divided into experimental and control groups. Data was collected by the standard marital conflict questionnaire which is based on a Likert scale. The questionnaire also included demographic characteristics. The results of covariance analysis showed that sex education improved the scores of marital conflicts (P < 0.05; f = 416.9) and its subscales such as the relationship with the spouse (P < 0.05; f = 75.2), sexual relationship (P < 0.05; f = 3.56), and equalization roles (P < 0.5; f = 321.60). Sex education increased sexual satisfaction and decreased conflicts by increasing affection, and appropriate emotional relationships.

The most important reason in couples′ marital conflict is their expectancy of their roles in the family. The couples get married by presumptions and different prejudices about emotional subjects and life activities which are the mental well-being. the purpose of this research is the study of mental well-being and marital life quality of couples. The method is cluster sampling in which 50 couples are selected from clinical and health centers of Sirjan. The research method is descriptive- correlation and all data were gathered by Golombok-Rust′ marital quality، PANAS scale for positive and negative affect and Debz′s life satisfaction questionnaire. All data were analyzed by correlation، regression and variance in SPSS. The results show that there is a positive relationship between marital quality and life satisfaction as a rate of 0. 435 (p>0. 001)، marital quality and positive affect as a rate of 0. 322 (p>0. 05)، life satisfaction and positive affect as a rate of 0. 754 (p>0. 001). However، there is a negative relationship between positive affect and negative affect as a rate of 0. 205 (p>0. 05)، and marital quality and negative affect 0. 036 (p>0. 05). Since mental well-being increase can anticipate marital life quality; couples′ mental well-being strength is a suitable method for marital satisfaction improvement and marital quality which should be studied.

Assertiveness is one of the social skills which are extensively applied in everyday interactions. It is also one of the factors associated with the human skill “to say no” against hazardous behaviors, including smoking, drug abuse, and sexual affairs. Assertiveness also takes an added emphasis regarding high schoolchildren due to such actualities as peer pressure and the adolescents’ particular age conditions. This study was done to investigate the effect of teaching courageousness based on PRECEDE Model on high schoolchildren assertiveness in Gonabad. An experimental study was conducted across Gonabad high school sin the 2008-2009 curricular years. We applied multistage random cluster sampling to select 140 students (treatment group= 70, control group= 70) who were sitting in second grade of the high schools. Using a six-part questionnaire (proportional to PRECEDE model), we collected the data. After doing pre-test, educational intervention was performed in treatment group, based on the model. Post-test was conducted 8 weeks after the intervention. We used SPSS software to analyze the data. Prior to the intervention, knowledge, attitude, and assertiveness of the students was moderate while their “saying no” skill was lower than the average. After the intervention, a significant increase (P<0.001) emerged in the mean score of the respondent’s knowledge, attitude, skill, and assertiveness. In terms of sex, the male students showed higher level of assertiveness which was statistically significant. There were no significant associations in the other factors between the girls and the sons. The results showed that teaching courageousness based on PRECEDE model may positively effect on the students’ knowledge, attitude, and assertiveness as well as the reinforcing and enabling factors. It seems the model could be employed alongside other methods to enhance high schoolchildren’s assertiveness.

The world population is aging rapidly. Therefore, the social, financial and health consequences of increasing longevity cannot be ignored. In addition to increased age-related physical illnesses, this demographic change will also lead to an increased number of mental health problems. Thus, any health promotion approach that could facilitate introduction of effective primary, secondary and even tertiary prevention strategies in old age psychiatry would be of significant importance. This paper explored physical activity as one of the possible health promotion strategies with positive effects on mental health in later life. In this quasi-experimental study, 372 male and female individuals aged 60 years and older were randomly allocated into case and control groups. An exercise program (two 30-45 minute sessions weekly for 2 months) was assigned to the case group. However, some practical problems divided the subjects in the case group into two subgroups of individual physical activity (n = 96) and group physical activity (n = 85). The 28-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was administered in order to obtain information on mental health. The questionnaire was completed before, immediately and 3 months after the intervention. The data was analyzed by chi-square test, paired t-test and independent t-test in SPSS11.5. In the case group, the mean of GHQ total scores decreased immediately after the intervention (8 ± 5.5 vs. 5.6 ± 5.1). The changes remained significant after 3 months (the mean after 3 months = 5.6; P <. 001). The scores of GHQ subscales including somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression decreased in the case group and all changes remained significant after 3 months. In addition, there were significant differences in mental health benefits between subjects with group physical activity and those with individual physical activity, i.e. doing exercise with a group was determined to be more effective. This study showed physical activity as an effective intervention which significantly improved mental health in older adults. However, performing physical activity in a group of individuals with the same age would have more benefits.

Background and Lower levels of academic anxiety can motivate the educational improvement but higher degrees can be a disturbance in concentration, attention, storage, recall and educational failure. Since it affects millions of students worldwide, the present study aimed to determine the effect of assertiveness training on reducing anxiety level in the pre-university students in Gonabad, Iran in 2008. Methods and Materials: In this randomized clinical trail, all pre-university students of Gonabad, Iran were invited to the study; and finally 89 students were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Data collection instruments included a 3-part questionnaire for recording demographic, academic anxiety and assertiveness (Rathus questionnaire with a validity of 0.83). The intervention for the experimental group was a 5-session course of assertiveness training based on PRECEDE model and one session for parents and teachers to help support the intervention program. Post-test was given top both groups 8 weeks after the last training session. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using paired and independent t-test, chi-square and correlation coefficient. The results showed that anxiety levels and assertiveness in the target group were moderate to high (18.14 and 108 respectively); a negative but significant relationship was found between these two factors (r =-0.69, p < 0.001). Also, the anxiety levels of the study decreased significantly, so that their anxiety score lowered from 18.87 to 8.12 (P<0.001). On the one hand, decisiveness was observed to have increased significantly in the same group (from 107 to 159) (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between academic anxiety and assertiveness in the control group before and after the intervention. The results showed that training assertiveness was effective in reducing the anxiety in academic settings.

Marital satisfaction is the most important and fundamental factor in stability and continuity of couples′ life. It exists when the situation in marital relationships is in agreement with its expectation. While couples can increase their satisfaction level in marital life, the family remains safe. Therefore the effect of sexual education on the growth of marital satisfaction and its dimensions such as adjustment in spouse’s personality, relationship improvement, sexual relationship, conflict solving, and equalitarian roles were the purpose of this research. In this quasi-experimental pre-post test study, 60 couples from cultural centers in Isfahan were selected and randomized in two of experimental and control groups. The data was collected by Enrich short questionnaire and demographic characteristics of studied subjects recorded. The data was analyzed with SPSS. Sex education had significant effect on the increase of marital satisfaction (P<0.001, F=118.78), subscales of satisfaction with spouse’s Personality (P<0.001, F=69.89), Relationship improvement (P<0.001, F=90.98), sexual Relationship (P<0.001, F=51.87) conflict solving (P<0.001, F=74.46).It had no significant effect on the subscales such as Leisure time (P=0.28, F=7.54) and interests to relatives and friends (P=0.18, F=2.35) Sexual relationship is a key factor in marital life. Sex education could increase the overall marital satisfaction and happiness due to increases of sexual satisfaction.

Due to the rapid growth of smoking prevalence and due to the necessity of knowing the problem, in order to sensitize the community and the health officials, the present study aimed to determine factors influencing smoking among male university students in kermanshah based on BASNEF Model. In this cross-sectional study 569 students studying in Kermanshah in 1387 were selected through snowball sampling procedure. The data was collected through a valid and reliable researcher- made questionnaire consisting of 70 questions in 5 sections of demographic, awareness, attitude, enabling and norms. Using SPSS, the data was analyzed through chi-square and one-way ANOVA. In this study, the mean scores for awareness and attitude about smoking among students were respectively 89±7/1 and 72/7±6/2. There was no significant relationship between numbers of cigarettes smoked and the university kind or educational levels of students. The most frequent enabling factor for smoking was easy access to cigarette and the most influencing social norm in smoking was student’s close friends. Calmness (38/3%) was the most frequent belief about smoking among the target population, and lack of suitable pastimes and curiosity were the most important reasons to try smoking for the first time. In this study, having smoking friends as the most obvious factor for inclination toward smoking demonstrates the role of peer group pressure among young people. The second outstanding factor among abstract social norms was smoking parents. University instructors and TV film stars were other factors which influenced students’ intention to smoke.

Nowadays, because of sexual dissatisfaction 50% of marriages are not successful. Since unhealthy relationship between couples makes them dissatisfied and misunderstanding which along with other circumstances make the foundation of the family unstable and increase the possibility of divorce. Therefore, marital counseling can give couples the necessary information for a good sexual life and helps the stability of the family and creates a healthy society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of marital counseling on sexual satisfaction of couples’s referring to Nader Kazemi health center in Shiraz.

In this quasi-empirical study 60 couples who are selected voluntarily enrolled and randomized in two experimental and control groups. All the data are gathered by a questionnaire in two parts, demographic characteristics (with 6 questions) and Larsson ISS sexual satisfaction questionnaire. In pre-test, data was based on a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were approved. Then a 4-session educational intervention program was used for experimental group. After one month post-test was done for the two groups and the data was analyzed by statistical tests in the P≤05.

46.67% of women in experimental group and 53.33% in control group were 20-24 years old (P>0.05). 53.3% of men in experimental group and 50% in control group were 25-29 years old (P>0.05). In post-test there was a significant difference in men’s and women’s sexual satisfaction (P=0.002).

The research findings showed that marital counseling effects on the quality of sexual relationship and increase couples′ sexual satisfaction. Marital counseling, with the prevention of sexual diseases and sexual dysfunctions, is one of the most effective methods of health education to help people to improve their quality of life through the improvement of sexual satisfaction and their relationships.