مریم صیاد شیرازی

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating role of family functioning dimensions in the relationship between attachment styles and religious adherence of students.

The research method is descriptive and correlation type. The research community includes all the students of Al-Zahra University studying in2022-2-23, of which 318 were selected by simple random sampling using Cochran's formula. To collect data, from questionnaires of religious adherence, attachment styles and measuring the dimensions of family functioning, and for data analysis, from descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and modeling of structural equations (path analysis) used.

The results of the correlation test showed that the relationship between secure attachment style, religious adherence and family functioning is positive and significant. The relationship between avoidant and ambivalent attachment style with dimensions of family functioning is negative and significant. The result of path analysis also confirmed the mediating role of family functioning dimensions in the relationship between attachment styles and religious adherence.

This study shows that attachment styles have an effect on people's behavior in human relationships, also the dimensions of family functioning justify the interaction between attachment styles and religious adherence and play a role in strengthening the religious adherence of people with different attachment styles.

The aim of the current research was to predict religious adherence based on identity styles with the mediating role of family functioning dimensions of female students. The research method was structural equation correlation. The research population was all students of Al-Zahra University (S) who were studying in 2022-2023, of which 318 were selected by simple random sampling method and using Cochran's formula. Religious Adherence Questionnaires(Jan Bozorgi, 2009), Identity Style (Brzezonski, 1992) and Measures of Family Functioning Dimensions (Sanaei et al., 2018) and for data analysis, SPSS version 26 software and AMOS 26 software were used. The direct effect of informational identity styles on family function and religious adherence was not significant (p>0.05), but the direct effect of normative identity style on family function and the direct effect of normative identity style on religious adherence was significant. Also, the direct effect of family functioning on religious adherence was also significant, and religious adherence had an indirect effect through normative, avoidant, and commitment identity styles (P≥0.01). Path analysis also confirmed the mediating role of family functioning dimensions in the relationship between identity styles and religious adherence. This study showed that the interaction between identity styles and religious adherence is strengthened by the mediating role of the dimensions of family functioning, which indicates the important effect of individual roles in the family and family interactions on religious commitments and adherence to individual religion

The purpose of this research is to predict the religious adherence of female students based on the source of control and attachment styles. In this descriptive-correlation research, 318 students (including287 single people and 31 married people) with the age range of 18 to 45 years were selected using the available method. To collect data, the scales of Religious adherence based on the propositions of the Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah (Jan Bozorgi, 2009), Adult attachment (Besharat, 2011, 2013) and Rotter's Internal-External Control (1966) were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the simple relationship between variables, and multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the multiple relationship between variables. The research results show that the relationship between secure attachment style and religious adherence is positive and meaningful, and the relationship between avoidant and ambivalent attachment style and religious adherence is negative and significant. Also, the relationship between the source of control and religious adherence is positive and significant (p≥0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to increase students' religious adherence, their attachment style should become a secure attachment and their source of control should become a source of internal control.

The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the level of religious commitment among female students, considering the influence of attachment styles, identity styles, and family functioning. The research employed the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population consisted of students from Al-Zahra University, with 387 participants selected using non-random available sampling, including 287 single and 31 married individuals. According to the findings of this research, there is a positive and significant relationship between informational, normative, and commitment identity styles with religious commitment, with correlation coefficients of r = 0.283, r = 0.552, and r = 0.396 respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The dimensions of family functioning also show a positive and significant relationship with religious commitment, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.453. Furthermore, a positive and significant relationship was found between secure attachment style and religious commitment, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.410. Conversely, avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles exhibit significant negative relationships with religious commitment, with correlation coefficients of r = -0.283, r = -0.254, and r = -0.252 respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that identity styles and attachment styles have an impact on the level of religious commitment among female students, with family functioning mediating this relationship.

Injuries and adverse childhood experiences can lead to significant psychological effects in adulthood, one of the most important of which is coping strategies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious adherence and coping strategies of women with adverse childhood experiences.

This study is a descriptive correlational study. The study's statistical population included 100 women with adverse childhood experiences referred to psychological clinics in Tehran who were injured in one of 4 areas (sexual, emotional, psychological, neglect), and 81 were selected by the available sampling method. Subjects answered "the Janbozorgi Religious Adherence Questionnaire" and "Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies". Also, according to the time of the present study with corona conditions, the questionnaires were prepared by Google Form and administered virtually. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods.

Findings illustrated a significant relationship between subscales of religious adherence and coping strategies (P≤0/05). Religious adherence is also a strong predictor in anticipating the coping strategy of exemplary individuals. The results confirmed the role of religious adherence in coping strategies (distance, self-control, planned problem-solving, and positive re-evaluation) and in the dimension of religious ambivalence with avoidance coping strategies. Also, in the dimension of religious inconsistency, a negative and significant relationship was found between the planned coping strategy of problem-solving and the coping strategy of positive re-evaluation.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that in women who have adverse childhood experiences, more substantial religious commitment can predict the use of positive coping strategies. As a result, religious adherence is a variable that can reinforce coping strategies (distance, self-control, planned problem-solving, and positive re-evaluation). Therefore, strengthening religious adherence can lead to an increase in the level of coping strategies of women (with adverse childhood experiences).

Studies in psychology have shown that having adverse childhood experiences can have irreversible effects on adulthood. On the other hand, failure to satisfy psychological needs has led to the experience of emotional pain, which is not possible except through the deepening of emotional processing and access to trauma-related experiences. So far, no in-depth research has been conducted to understand women's emotional pain affected by a childhood in Iran.

The purpose of this study was to better understand the emotional pain experienced by women who had adverse childhood experiences.

The current research was conducted using a qualitative method of phenomenology. The study sample included 10 women from Tehran who had traumatic experiences in their childhood. The sampling method was purposive. We conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals. We implemented the text of the interviews verbatim and analyzed the data by the Colaizzi seven-step method (Morrow et al., 2015).

The participants' responses extracted two main themes: shame and fear. These themes included the following: All participants experienced shame in all four dimensions of trauma (physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect), and the sub-themes included worthlessness, helplessness, incompetence, humiliation, inferiority, fault/guilt, not being lovable, and impurity/dirt. b) Fear: All participants in this study who experienced psychological, physical, sexual, or neglect trauma felt fear; its sub-themes include fear of insecurity, rejection, abandonment, failure to meet needs, loss, fear of trauma, and lack of support.

Based on the study's findings, women, and girls who have experienced one of the forms of trauma (sexual, physical, emotional, or neglect) under the age of 18 experience emotional pain, shame, and fear in adulthood.

This study investigated the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) compared with cognitive-behavior therapy on decreasing anxiety and increasing acceptance of mothers of autistic children. This study was quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group. The experimental groups were consisted of two groups based on acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT) and cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT) respectively. Both groups were received ten sessions treatment. 12 people were employed in the control group who were not treated. In order to evaluate the level of anxiety and acceptance, two questionnaires were used: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). Comparing treatment groups showed that between the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment with cognitive behavioral therapy on reducing maternal anxiety and promoting acceptance was not significantly different. However, the impact of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment in pre-test and follow-up was more than cognitive behavior therapy. Therefore, the current research and ACT provide empirical support for mothers with ASD children.

The main purpose of this study was to explore the effect of cognitive- behavior family therapy as an effect treatment for narcissistic disorder. Research method used is case study. Data were obtained through clinical interview and interventions on sessions. In this study, narcissistic disorder (55 years old male) was treated using cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Subject was treated in 30 sessions. Methods and techniques were problem solving self-evaluation, self- monitoring, positive attitude and cognitive restructuring (individual and family). after 30 sessions of treatment indicated a considerable decrease symptoms of narcissism was based on diagnostic criteria (DSM-V). The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis and showed that where family therapy approach to the subject affirms that the family Consequently, the behavior of a family member, behavior, cognition, and affect and influence each other simultaneously accepting the emotions of other family members are affected, which in turn leads to behaviors, cognitive new emotions and reactions in people. This study is based on the application of cognitive- behavioral family therapy disorder narcissistic reduction is effective in improving.The result of intervention indicated that this method is considerably effective in reducing symptoms of narcissistic disorder. This findings are discussed and compared with other research findings.