مریم منصوری

In general, any damage or breakage in a building's foundation will cause it to settlement, resulting in damage to both the foundation and the structure itself. Considering the extent of the construction, it is important to pay attention to the issues related to the design and performance of the foundation of the structure. From a geotechnical engineering perspective, expansive soils are among the most important soil groups that need to have their characteristics accurately determined before design studies. Such soils cause significant damage to structures. For this reason, the behavior of expansive soils should be investigated and determined in advance to minimize the damage caused to the structure. Shallow foundations such as singular and strip foundations may be affected by non-uniform settlement, rotation, and bending moment due to soil expansion, leading to damage. One of the factors leading to non-uniform settlement and rotation in foundations is water infiltration under the foundation. Often, soil layers near the ground surface, crucial for engineering purposes, are in an unsaturated state. Thus, understanding the precise behavior of soil necessitates the application of complex unsaturated soil mechanics principles. In expansive soils, water infiltration causes a reduction in matric suction and consequently a decrease in shear strength and an increase in soil volume. In this paper, a numerical investigation of the behavior of shallow foundations in two models of singular and strip foundations under changing factors such as pipe bursting and absorption well has been conducted. Using Geostudio SIGMA/W software and Couple analysis, the simultaneous effect of change in matric suction and change in stress and strain has been investigated. Additionally, the effect of the number of building stories and changes in the position of pipe bursting or absorption well on the results has been studied. The analysis of the results indicates that pipe bursting and absorption wells lead to an increase in pore water pressure in the soil over time. Additionally, due to the characteristics of expansive soil, The damage to the structure increases with the passage of time and it has grown more in the first month. Also, the category of damage to the structure is more severe for the models where the one-story structure is built on the foundation. Due to the bursting of the pipe or the existence of the absorption well and also the expansive property of the soil under the foundation, the lower the intensity of the load on the soil or the number of floors of the building, the higher the swelling values of the soil will be. So it is recommended to construction tall structures on this soil. The amount of damage in the case of pipe burst is estimated to be higher than that of the absorption well. In terms of angular distortion, water permeation under the foundation and in neighboring borders, and in terms of horizontal strain, permeation under the center of the foundation are responsible for the most damage. Overall, the damage rating to the structure is higher for singular foundations than for strip foundations, and in many cases, the structure will experience severe damage, thus the use of strip foundations with appropriate thickness for buildings located on expansive soils is recommended.

Due to the increase in population and the increasing need for construction, the issues related to excavation and stability of the excavation have been given importance. The stability of excavations can be controlled and improved by various methods such as anchoring, retaining walls, shielding, etc. that in each project, according to the characteristics of that project and the type of factors threatening the stability of that excavation, one or more stabilization methods can be used. The excavation investigated in this research is stabilized by two pile-anchor and concrete pile methods. One of the factors leading to the instability of the excavation is the infiltration of water into the excavation. Water infiltration into the excavation can be due to various reasons such as rainfall, rise of the underground water level, pipe burst, etc.; Therefore, the possibility of water infiltration into the excavation should be checked in each excavation, and necessary measures should be taken in case of water infiltration. matric suction is defined as the difference between pore air pressure and pore water pressure, which plays a major role in the shear resistance behavior of unsaturated soils; Now, water infiltration reduces matric suction and as a result reduces shear resistance and increases soil volume in expansive soils. The excavation studied in this research has been exposed to factors that change matric suction such as pipe burst, absorption well and climate conditions. The boundary conditions of pipe bursting and absorption well are assumed for a period of one year; Also, the weather conditions have been obtained from the meteorological data of the two rainy months of Sarakhs city. Using sigma/W software and Couple analysis, the simultaneous effect of change in matric suction and change in stress and strain has been investigated. Also, the Penman-Monteith method has been used for the calculation of evaporation and transpiration to model the climate conditions. In this research, a comparison was made between different excavation stabilization situations (pile-anchor and pile method) under different conditions of matric suction (pipe burst, absorption well and weather conditions). Also, in this research, the effect of the location of the burst pipe and absorption well (distance from the excavation wall) on factors such as deformations, the moment created in the pile and the forces created in the anchors (behavior of the excavation) was investigated. Considering the destructive behavior of expansive soils in unsaturated conditions, the soil studied in this research is of expansive type. The characteristics of the modeled soil are related to the area of Sarakhs city. In order to consider the effect of soil swelling, the used elasticity modulus is related to the effective stress and as a result matric suction, which is called the swelling modulus. The results showed that the increase in moisture in the soil and as a result the decrease in matric suction in the swelling soil increases the force in the anchors and the bending moment in the pile. Also, the increase in the force of the anchors and the displacement created in the case of pipe bursting and absorption well modeling is much more than the conditions of the climate boundary effect for the two rainy months of the year. By increasing the distance of the absorption well and the bursting of the pipe from the excavation, the increase in the force created in the anchors decreases. climate conditions affect the upper 6 meters of the excavation, i.e. the active zone.

The most important point in performing the Pile Integrity Test (PIT) is the correct interpretation of the results. This insitu tests is very useful in the estimation of the pile length embedded in the soil or the control of the cross section of bored piled where the quility of the pile construction is in doubt. Two common defects of the bored piles are buldging and necking of the pile cross section which correspond to the over-size and narrowing of the pile diameter alonng the pile length. Thses two anolamies in the pile geometry inflence the pile functionality and an approperiate reaction is required. Correct identifications of the length and dpeth of an anomaly are among the factors that are influenced by the anomaly location and the interaction of the waves passing through the pile. In this research, an attempt is made to interpret the results of PIT by examining the dimensions and location of anomalies in different parts of the pile as well as the effect of the presence of soil on the obtained results. PIT is simulated by the numerical finite difference method and the results have been investigated. The pile head is loaded by a semi-sinusoidal impact which is defined as a compressive pressure over a circular region at the cross section centroid during a short period of time. The verification of the simulations is established by the compariosn of the results with those one-dimentional wave theory which is based on the arrival time of the impact wave to the reciever situated on the pile head. In addition, by changing the position of the wave vreciving in the numenrical mode, it was shown that the best place to install the accelerometer as the recivier would be at the distance of 0.6R from the pile center where R is the pile radius. This finding is consistent with the results of previous studies which confirms the validiy of the simulations. According to the results, the existance of the soil around the pile causes to deform the figure of the waves and it required to modify the records before a correct interpretation. The soil atound the pile plays a role of damper of the waves passing through the pile and it causes that the magnitude of the peaks observed in the records diminish and the interpretaion may not be so easy as that in a free pile. For the pile embeded in the soil, the closer the anomaly location is to the pile head, the less the damping effect of the soil is and thus, the wave forms are more similar to the free pile. Based on the findings of this study, to interprete correctly the PIT results, it is recommended to use the first peak of the recorded velocity if there is a necking defect, while the use of the second peak is recommneded for a buldging defect to estimate the anomaly depth based on the free pile diagrams.It is also seen that as the defect length increases to about twice the diameter of the pile, the peak value of the velocity changes (in most cases, it increases) and remains almost constant at larger lengths.

Study of the promising plant Niger seed with the goal of oil production in Pakdasht

This research was carried out in the form of a split-split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the year 2021 in the Aburihan campus research farm located in Pakdasht. In this study, irrigation cycle in three levels (once every 7 days, once every 10 days and once every 13 days) as the main factor, planting date in two levels (5 June and 22 June) as a secondary factor and fertilizing with bio-fertilizers In four-level including control (without biofertilizer), Shift biofertilizer, Chris biofertilizer and the combination of Shift and Chris biofertilizers as sub-factors were considered.

The results showed that the plants cultivated on June 22 were superior to the plants cultivated on June 5 in all investigated traits (including yield components, seed yield, and biological yield) and all three tested irrigation levels. Also with increasing levels of drought stress, the seed yield has significantly decreased in both planting dates under investigation. However, the ratio of seed yield reduction under drought stress was significantly lower in plants cultivated on June 22nd compared to those cultivated on June 5th.

The cultivation of seed Niger plant with the application of Chris biofertilizer in the same weather conditions on June 22nd, is recommended as a promising plant that has an acceptable yield from an agricultural point of view and its product has a high oil content.

Sponsorship is an important part of sports marketing programs to generate revenue. The current research has determined the obstacles to the development of financial support in university sports in the country. The method of the present research is descriptive and survey research and in terms of the data collection method, it is field. The statistical population of the research includes experts from physical education departments of Tehran universities (Shaheed Beheshti, Tehran, Allameh Tabatabai, Al-Zahra, Khajeh Nasir, Khwarazmi, Alam and Sanat, Tarbiat Modares and Amir Kabir), who were investigated by sampling the total number of 57 community members. took The research tool is Ehsani's questionnaire (2007) with a reliability value (∝=0.91). Finally, the results of the research showed that among the factors of sponsors not supporting university sports, media barriers with an average rating of 4.33 are the highest and facility barriers with an average rating of 2.82 are the lowest points, management barriers, economic barriers, and experience barriers in the order of the averages. obtained 4.02, 3.14 and 2.96, also the results of Friedman's test showed that media barriers, management barriers, economic barriers, history barriers and facility barriers had the greatest impact on financial support of university sports, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested to the officials of university sports to make the necessary arrangements for the media coverage of university competitions, with radio and television and specialized sports networks, and to manage sports events with written planning and intra-organizational and extra-organizational collaborations to provide the best possible events.

Bryan Turner is one of the thinkers who is trying to create a positive position in social theory with the principle of "life-affirming instinct" in Nietzsche's views based on the solid foundations that appeared in the thinkers of the 20th century, especially Nietzsche. The main question of the current research is that basically by examining his views, in the physical existence that could be seen especially in the thinkers of the 20th century, what is the justification for the re-entry of religion into the fields of theorizing and is this confrontation a coherent confrontation or again it has turned towards functional theories? The present study deals with this issue by examining the documents of Turner's viewpoints and analyzing its directional content. Through benefiting from the fundamental methodology as a theoretical framework, this study seeks to examine the coherence of his views in the face of religion and has reached the conclusion that not only Turner violated Nietzsche's foundations about thinking in many of his positions, but also violated the inherent rules of religion with its social rules. In addition, despite the materialistic approach, he has also dealt with beliefs and values in detail, and with a functional approach, he tries to fill the gaps caused by physicality in the global society with the virtue of citizenship resulting from religious teachings.

Psychological factors such as self-talk play a role in skill improvement. The aim of this study was to compare Instructional and motivational self-talk on performance and learning of basic handball skills in Karaj female students. The present study was applied with research design pre-test, post-test and a control group and used the wall-pass and penalty throw tests in handball. The research samples consisted of 60 female high school students in Karaj (13-18 years old). Sampling was availability and samples divided into three groups randomly: Instructional self-talk, motivational self-talk and control. Subjects performed basic skills for six weeks, three sessions per week and 45 minutes per session, in three blocks and each block containing 10 trails. Before performing the task, the subjects in the Instructional self-talk group used "straight body" and "straight elbow" for throwing and "pay attention" and "see your teammate" for pass, and in the motivational self-talk group used "now" for pass and "firm" for throw. The results of intragroup repeated measures analysis variance, MANOVA and one-way ANOVA showed that Instructional and motivational self-talk in compare with the control group, had a significant effect on performance and learning of basic handball skills (P≤05) But there is no significant difference between two experimental groups (P>0.05). Self-talk, regardless of its kinds, has a facilitating effect on motivation and, consequently, performance by changing the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. Thus, self-talk can motivate key elements of the skill pattern and improve skills by drawing subject attention to the relevant task.

Provision and presentation of quality information is a prerequisite for decision making by stakeholders of business units. One of the features of this information is having the ability to compare with other peer companies, as one of the quality features of this information. Social responsibility can affect the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the ability to compare financial statements as one of the most important features of financial reporting. To achieve the purpose of the study, the composite data of 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2010-2020 were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate social responsibility and the ability to compare financial statements. Based on these findings, it can be said that social responsibility obliges company managers to adhere to their ethical commitments and provide accurate and quality information to their stakeholders. To do this, they use quality and similar standards and procedures that help reduce information asymmetries at the company level, employees, stakeholders, peer companies and even the capital market.

The crises that occurred in postmodern era in the West and in other parts of the world have forced thinkers and intellectuals to rethink the events of the Western world and its foundations. The second half of the twentieth century witnessed a revolt of the spheres of thought, especially sociology, against the new order created by the capitalist world, which targeted the centers of power. Among these approaches is the poststructuralists' view, particularly Foucault, on the sphere of power and the resistance against power. Using the ontological view of the institution of family, this descriptive-analytical study considers this institution, which is based on an innate approach to the development of bisexuality, as having advantages that can resist as a focal point against power. The strong point of this institution is to restore the path that the power of the new order has used in the direction of subjectivity. In other words, an attempt is made to first consider the resistance function of family as one of the most stable social institutions. The mechanism of this function is that because of the existence of feelings and the non-individualistic approach in family institution, it finds the resistance power that leads to people's self-awareness, instinct guidance, benefiting from the mentality of women in family and the strength of the family in the economic field, and can disrupt the power of the new order.

Today, spending leisure time and planning for it, is one of the developing indexes’ in society. This study had done for the purpose of developing a model for students’ leisure time. the research method was qualitative with a grounded theory approach. To collect data, a deep interview with leisure time professionals’ was conducted. The samples were selected purposefully using sequential chains (until theoretical adequacy of data). The interpretative analysis approach was used to analyze the content of the interviews using open, axial, and selective coding. The validity of the interviews by reviewing and refining the findings and the reliability of the interviews by audit process (documentation) and intra-subject agreement (0.86) were confirmed. The content analysis of the interviews led to the identification of 62 key concepts that were integrated into 8 categories. Regarding leisure activities as a central issue, six factors including drivers, individual factors, social and environmental factors, government factors, management factors, and challenges affect the selection of leisure activities. Leisure time and how it passes through is influenced by several factors. In order to improve students’ leisure activities, should consider individual factors, drivers, social and environmental factors, government factors, management factors, and existing challenges.

The aim of this research is to investigate the prevalence of postmodern values ​​and the factors affecting them based on structural equations. This research was descriptive and causal. The statistical population studied was all the citizens in Kermanshah city in 2017, of which 625 people were selected and studied based on Cochran's formula and quota sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher by adapting questionnaires from other researches, and statistical analyzes were performed based on the structural equation using Spss and Amos programs. The regression values ​​of the structural equation model indicate that the prevalence of low mortality values ​​is (0.72) on emotional deterioration, (0.66) on consumerism, (0.54) on relationship fluidity, and (0.54) 0.31) is effective on relativism. The research findings are consistent with the theories of Giddens, Lyotard, Charles Jenks, deconstruction theory, Jameson, Nietzsche, Crack, Keith Nash, Baudrillard, Mark C. Taylor, Foucault, and David Harvey.

The aim of this study was to design a leisure time model for students across the country. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and was conducted in the field. Qualitative snowball sampling was performed. The statistical population consisted of professors of sport management and sociology who had educational and research activities in the field of leisure time. According to the method of sequential sampling (increasing the sample size until the theoretical adequacy was reached), the sample size in the qualitative section was 14 persons. Also, the sample size in the quantitative section according to the size of the statistical population (2431286) using Cochran formula, included 1627 students. In-depth interviews and researcher-made questionnaires were used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.89). The research data were coded in the qualitative section with an interpretive approach and in the quantitative section were analyzed using correlation tests (Spearman and linear regression) and comparisons (one-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance). The results showed that Internet use had a negative effect on leisure time satisfaction. Also, the availability of recreational facilities increased access to sports activities, and increased levels of well-being are associated with increased levels of leisure time satisfaction. Finally, the leisure time model was formulated with six factors influencing leisure choice (including propulsion, individual factors, social and environmental factors, management factors, government factors, and challenges) and the consequences of leisure time.

Epistemology and its sub-fields are known as the most important theoretical bases affecting the formation of interpretive schools. Regarding the problem of understanding and interpreting the texts, particularly the Holy Qur'an, there may be found three epistemological approaches. In the first approach (audience-based), the audience and his mental presuppositions are regarded as the main pillar of the process of understanding, and since the presuppositions of each audience are distinct from others, the findings are also distinct, and all of the findings are considered to be justified. In the second approach (author-based), the final meaning of the text is an understandable truth that must be achieved during a process. It is not impossible, though difficult it may be, to discover the author's intention in interpreting the text (of the Qur'an), and only the sense corresponding it may be taken as true. In this paper, comparing the two approaches, the third approach (text-based) whose epistemological basis is on Islamic teachings, is explained, according to which the main element in the process of understanding is the very effect of the text of the Holy Qur'an. While studying the above three approaches comparatively, using qualitative content analysis and logical reasoning approaches, it has been concluded that among these approaches, the third is more justified, and relying on this approach, it is more probable for the depth of the Qur'anic verses to be perceived. The success of some valid interpretations such as al-Mizan may be known as the product of such an approach

Crime is a social phenomenon for a long existed in proportion to any time and generation, so it pre-existed as human community. In general definition, crime or delinquency has been known an indecorous action against the determined forms of all the historical sections not specified to the particular society or culture. Since the importance of Naseri Era as a notable time in the history of Iran, analyzing crime as one of the phenomenon of this time would divulge numerous ambiguities in the connection to committing social crime. For this reason the present research attempts based on the historical documents and existing library sources with the statistical analysis of the crime of this time as well as portraying social conditions of Naseri Era and typology of social crimes with the analytical approach, determines the role of different factors in this social i9ssue especially the binary effect of the government. Based on the existing findings among different types of social crimes, specified to murder with the highest percentage of 58.7 and taking opium with the lowest percentage of 0.2. Although the Naseri government as a major enforcement force encountering the criminals, in many cases paved the way for the crime and intensified them.

To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano-particles of Titanium dioxide on yield and yield components of ecotypes of cumin under drought stress conditions, a split-split plot experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, during 2014-2015 at research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University Tehran at Pakdasht. Treatments were consisted of water stress at three levels (full irrigation throughout growing season, water stress at vegetative and reproductive stages), spraying of nano-particles of titanium dioxide at three levels (none spray, spraying with concentration of 0.015 and 0.03 percentages) and also ecotypes of cumin from nine regions. Based on the obtained results the highest grain yield was for ecotype of Ardakan-Yazd in normal irrigation and spraying of nano-particles at concentration of 0.03 percent with an average of 194.05 grams per square meter, compared to non-sprayed treatment in which 17 percent lower grain yield was obtained. The highest grain yield also was observed at stress conditions in reproductive phase for ecotype of Maneh of North Khorasan at spraying of 0.015 percent of nano-particles with an average of 45.89 grams per square meter, when compared to the control in which 16 percent lower grain yield was obtained. Ecotypes also showed significant differences at level of one percentage in terms of responses to drought stress. Based on the obtained results from spraying of nano-particles at a concentration of 0.03 percent, the negative effects of drought stress were reduced and this treatment prevented from huge yield loss under stress.

Equity in distribution of health services is one of the goals of health policy makers. Thus, an study entitled “modeling geographical access to medical laboratory services in Iran” was conducted in 2014. The present article is a case study using this model for site selection of new medical laboratories in Shiraz, Hamadan and Shushtar cities, Iran.
The study units included medical laboratories located within the city borders but outside of hospital and clinic settings. The main analysis task was layer and maps creation based on Geographic Information System (GIS). Spatial analysis performed using the ArcGIS software.
According to the geographical accessibility model, total area of lands valued as excellent and good for the establishment of new laboratories (outside of hospital and clinic settings) were identified in Shiraz and Hamadan and Shushtar. In Shiraz, at the time of present study, there were 64 medical laboratories outside of hospitals and clinics and there was possibility of construction of approximately 241 new laboratories in the city. The total area of lands valued as excellent and good for the establishment of new laboratories were about 2661 square meters. Therefore it was possible to establish 120 out of 241 new medical laboratories in the horizontal expansion of the city in these lands in Shiraz. In Hamadan, there were 24 medical laboratories outside of hospitals and clinics and there was possibility of construction of approximately 143 new laboratories in the city. The total area of lands valued as excellent and good for the establishment of new laboratories were about 130700 square meters. Therefore, it was possible to establish all proposed new medical laboratories in these lands in Hamadan. In Shushtar, there were 3 medical laboratories outside of hospitals and clinics and it was possibility of construction of approximately 9 new laboratories in the city. The total area of lands valued as excellent and good for the establishment of new laboratories were about 36800 square meters. Therefore it was possible to establish all proposed new medical laboratories in these lands in Shushtar.
It is possible to use geographical accessibility model for site selection of new medical laboratories in cities. The accuracy of selected sites should be confirmed with field visits.

There is a broad consensus on bringing nature back to cities. Environmental issues and their rising challenges in the world have encouraged theorists and practitioners to adopt a broader perspective to “City in Nature”1 and consider it as an entity. In this respect, three general objectives are pursued: a) the protection of resources that nature provides human with; b) responding to aesthetic ideals of citizens; and c) accreditation of urban spaces. The natural resources of Tehran have been the issue of much debate and bringing nature back to the cities are of great importance. To this purpose, the urban management has taken some measurements. Though the approaches for the interventions impact theaestheticizationof urban areas, our knowledge about the issue is scanty. This paper is an attempt to address this gap and contribute to our knowledge of nature-based aestheticization.

In Other Words, The Victim Of Crime Or Bad Act And Contrary To The Provisions Specified In A Society. Breaking The Law In One Way Or Another In All Sections Of Society Or Culture There And Just Not Certain. Given The Importance Of Nazareth As A Crucial Moment In History, Investigate The Crime As One Of The Most Important Events Of This Period Can Reveal Its Many Ambiguities In The Fields Of Committing Economic Crimes. Accordingly, In This Study We Try Economic Crimes Testament Naseri Typology And The Role Of Various Factors In This Phenomenon, Particularly In Its Dual Role Of Government Is. Therefore, Relying On Historical Documents And Library Resources Available And The Statistical Analysis Of Crimes Of This Period, The Description Of The Economic Situation Of Naseri Age, The Type Of Economic Crime In The Period Studied And Said Some Of The Factors Contributing To The Occurrence Of This Crime, As Far As Possible From The Viewpoint Of Analytical Thought. According To The Findings Obtained From Different Types Of Economic Crimes, The Murder Of A 7/58%, The Highest Rate Of Opium Drawing 2/0% Were Allocated To The Lowest. Although The Government Of Nazareth Was The Main Cause Of Action In Dealing With Criminals However Its Way To Provide Mass Media, And In Many Cases They Are Also Added On.