مریم هاشمی

The literature of cultural colonial studies in the Arab society of Egypt, which arose from the depth of the soul, experience, and lived life of intellectual and committed Arab elites and women; In fact, it is considered one of the main pillars of indigenous and non-adapted knowledge of the Egyptian society, which, on the one hand, represents the lived experiences of Egyptian women who lived in the lap of colonialism and the crisis-stricken society of Egypt, with their nation and their sufferings, and on the other hand, they are still in challenges and conflicts. Directly with the colonialists, they write against them and try to clarify and explain the consequences of the apparent withdrawal of colonialism from the Arab countries and the granting of political independence to the Arab states. One of these thoughtful and committed Arab women is Nutila Rashid (1934-2012 AD), who wrote this essay with a historical-critical method and a descriptive-analytical approach with the aim of gaining more knowledge and knowledge in the field of Arabic colonial studies, in the category of cultural paradigm.

Persistence is one of the capabilities that weakens under the influence of anxiety; But by modifying the parenting style, this ability can be strengthened; Therefore, the aim of present study was to compare the effectiveness of parent management training and positive psychology parenting on the persistence of adolescent girls with anxiety disorders.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was semi-experimental. The research community was formed by adolescent girls aged 13 to 15 years with anxiety symptoms who referred to the psychological centers of Isfahan in 2024 with their mothers. From this society, 60 people were selected purposive sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and one control group and pre-test were conducted. The research tools were Duckworth and Quinn (2009) persistence questionnaire and Spielberger (1970) anxiety questionnaire. Mothers in the first experimental group received parenting management training and second experimental group received positive psychology parenting training in the form of 12 weekly 90-minute sessions. The results analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS 26.

In persistence variable, time factor (p>0.001, F=27.675), group factor (p>0.001, F=10.324) and time and group interaction (p>0.001, F=8.861) F) are significant. Also, in the post-test and follow-up stage, there is no significant difference between the two training groups in the average of the persistence variable (p≤0.05) but there is a significant difference between the experimental groups with the control group

Parental management training and positive psychology parenting are effective interventions to increase the persistence of adolescents with anxiety.

In this research, the effect of protease enzyme type (pepsin and pancreatin) and hydrolysis time (40-200 minutes) on the degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant properties (DPPH radical scavenging activity, Fe chelating activity, Fe reducing power and total antioxidant capacity) of flaxseed meal protein hydrolysates was investigated. The results showed that increasing the hydrolysis time increased the degree of hydrolysis, and the samples obtained from pancreatin had a higher degree of hydrolysis than pepsin. The highest activity of Fe2+ chelating (53.71 ± 0.45%) and Fe3+ reduction (1.32 ± 0.02, absorbance at 700 nm) was achieved by pancreatin after 200 minutes of hydrolysis. Pancreatin samples were more capable of inhibiting DPPH free radicals than pepsin, and their activity increased with increasing time up to 160 minutes. The highest total antioxidant capacity (1.36 ± 0.08 absorbance at 695 nm) among the samples was obtained after 160 minutes of hydrolysis with pancreatin. The antioxidant capacity of flax seed protein hydrolysates in inhibiting DPPH radical, Fe chelating activity, and total antioxidant capacity was lower than the antioxidant capacity of vitamin C at a concentration of 50 (mg/ml), but it had more Fe reducing power than vitamin C. Therefore, it can be concluded that compared to pepsin, pancreatin had a greater ability to produce flaxseed protein hydrolysates with significant antioxidant properties. According to the results, flaxseed protein hydrolysates from pancreatin enzyme and a hydrolysis time of 160 minutes have the ability to be used in food formulations to produce functional products.

One of the important factors of students' success is a positive attitude towards their field of study and future career. Occupational health and safety engineering is a science that works in the field of employee health and work environment safety. Therefore, it is very important to know the factors affecting the attitude of students in occupational health and safety engineering.

In this study, 62 students of occupational health engineering of Ilam University of Medical Sciences were examined in the academic year of 2020-2021. The data were collected using the questionnaire of the University of Minnesota, containing 17 questions with a Likert spectrum scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.

From 66 questionnaires, the mean and standard deviation of the attitude score towards the field of study (28.97 ± 4.25) and the mean and standard deviation of the attitude score towards the future career (24.8 ± 4.7) were calculated. Considering the score of 22 and 19 as the average score of the attitude towards the field of study and future career, the scores obtained are more than the acceptable score.

The findings of the present study show a positive attitude towards the field of study and future career. Matching the capacity of accepting students with the needs of the labor market, familiarizing students with university courses before the national entrance exam, providing advice and support to students in justifying the course and work environment, and better communication between industry and university will improve students' attitudes.

Xylanase is one of the critical enzymes in the food, poultry feed as well as paper industries. This research aims to provide formulation and operating conditions suitable for spray drying of xylanase enzyme while maintaining enzyme activity. For this purpose, the xylanase was produced by Bacillus subtilis D3d strain using Brewers' spent grain (BSG) and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen source in a 14-liter fermenter. After separating biomass and solid substrate by centrifuge, the supernatant was used as an enzyme source with a xylanase activity of 350 U/ml. Among the additives, manganese ions at a concentration of 10 mM had the most significant effect on increasing enzyme activity. Among the examined carriers, mannitol and magnesium sulfate showed the slightest decrease in enzyme activity. Magnesium sulfate and malt extract were selected as carrier and binder in concentrations of 20 and 5, (w/v) respectively. In the spray drying operation with an inlet temperature of 120°C, and an inlet feed flow rate of 4 ml/min, the enzyme activity was maintained and the powder with the 4.5% of moisture content was obtained.

Tooth decay and periodontal problems are among the most common human diseases which are considered unsolved health problems in most countries of the world. This study aimed to investigate and compare the shear bond strength of the fiber post with three different types of cement, including Glass ionomer, as well as Universal and Flowable composites.

This in-vitro study was conducted on 30 extracted anterior deciduous teeth with at least two-thirds of healthy roots. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 10. The teeth were mounted from the root part inside the self-curing acryl. Group 1 includes G-Premio Bond and Universal Composite, group 2 includes G-Premio Bond and flowable composite, and group 3 includes Glass ionomer without bond. Immediately, the fiber post was placed in the cemented material in the canal and was light-cured according to the manufacturer's instructions. Shear bond strength was performed by an electromechanical universal testing machine at a speed of 1 mm/min.

The shear bond strength mean values in the Universal composite, Glass ionomer, and Flowable composite groups were 15.29±4.82, 9.74±2.82, and 13.71±4.91 MPa, respectively, and the difference among them was significant (P=0.022). The shear bond strength mean value of the Universal composite was significantly higher than that of the Glass ionomer (P=0.020); however, this difference was not significant for comparing other groups (P<0.05).

The highest and lowest amount of shear bond strength values for cementing fiber post in the repair of anterior deciduous teeth were related to the Universal composite and Glass ionomer cement groups, respectively, which showed a significant difference but did not differ significantly from the Flowable composite group

The dualism of East and West is one of the most frequently used expressions in modern and contemporary Arab discourse, and the problem of communication between them is perhaps the biggest problem the twentieth century world faced during the reign of Rihani and is still facing in the twenty-first century. On the one hand, the general principles and intellectual and cultural foundations of the West are based on humanity or human-centeredness. Industry, giving originality to the tool, belief in the principle of progress, and on the other hand, the characteristics of Eastern civilization and culture (and what is meant here from the East, the geographical area of the Arab countries, including the Arab world) are religiosity, belief in the unseen, practical adherence to religion and religious orders and traditions, and focus on God Almighty and not The exclusivity of the world in matter and the material world, the concern and emphasis on human happiness and the non-exclusivity of knowledge in empirical knowledge. This situation created a strange defect in Al-Rihani's thought. Therefore, the study seeks, using the descriptive-analytical method, to present the proposed solutions to Al-Rihani to remove this imbalance and create an interaction between the two civilizations by counting the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Topical antibiotic medication is an alternative method in treatment of local infections, especially osteomyelitis. Currently several biomaterials are used for this purpose. The present study focused on the fabrication and characterization of chitosan and Vancomycin (VCM)-loaded chitosan (CS)-hydroxyapatite (HA)-gelatin (G) bead in treatment of osteomyelitis.

CS/G/HA/VCM scaffold was prepared by cross-linking using ionotropic gelling. The morphological and mechanical properties, loading efficiency and antibacterial properties were investigated and toxicity assay of fabricated structure was also analyzed.

The lyophilization reduced the area, environment, and sphericity of beads. CS/G/HA/VCM structure showed smaller area (4.5 mm2) and perimeter (180 µm) compared to other structures. Suitable morphology and porosity in fabricated beads were confirmed by SEM images in CS/G/HA and CS/G structures. Reduction of strength was observed after adding VCM into fabricated structure, but this happened less in CS/G/HA/VCM structure. Release on day 14 was 58% for CS/G/HA/VCM structure. AddingVCM into CS/VCM (1.88 Mpa) and CS/G/VCM (10.46 Mpa) structures decreased the mechanical strength while it increased the mechanical strength in CS/G/HA/VCM (83.21 Mpa) structure. No toxic activity of fabricated structures was seen against NIH 3T3 cells. The results of the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus showed that chitosan beads containing VCM (CS/VCM, CS/G/VCM, CS/G/HA/VCM) could significantly inhibit the growth of S. aureus compared to the positive control (VCM 5%)(P<0.001).

conclusion: 

According to current study, the CS/G/HA/VCM structure can be introduced as a promising candidate in treatment of osteomyelitis.

The purpose of the study is to investigate how urban environmental management in the district 22 of Tehran in order to provide a comprehensive model and improve it. The research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of method, so in collecting data from internal and external sources and in the survey phase, 20 elite expert managers in the field of bio-urban management were used through a questionnaire. Executive model of strategic research planning derived from individual Fred.R.David `s strategic management model and the QSPM matrix was used to execute the decision making process. Presenting a comprehensive and environmental model with the environment of the 22nd district of Tehran municipality, which is capable of determining the weak points of urban management and providing a solution to improve it, is one of the innovations of this article. According to the findings of the research and the final score of less than 2.5 determined in the environmental management of the municipality of district 22 of Tehran, the strengths and opportunities obtained to overcome the disadvantages and threats have not been properly used and the type of strategy, defensive. The results showed that three strategies, “Evaluation of Areas Requiring Protection”, “Reforming Legal and Organizational backgrounds, Reforming Organizational Structure and Integrated Urban Management are the most important Promotion strategies for urban management.

Deep knowledge, understanding of the text, and finding underground semantic layers require applying scientific, systematic tools. One of these tools presented in Schleiermacher’s hermeneutics theory (1768-1834) is a psychological interpretation used in the present article in the form of an epistemic paradigm named psychological paradigm. The achievement of focusing on this paradigm is to present scientific solutions to Nahj-al-Balaghe’s interpreter to infer meaning from Nahj-al-Balaghe’s text. The psychological paradigm is established by adopting particular approach concepts’ including author individuality, author humanity, and discourse space dominant in the author’s epoch. The present article aims to explain features of Imam Ali (AS)’s individuality concerning the strategic concept of Islamic unity, looking to answer this question according to Schleiermacher’s psychological paradigm of how the approachable concept of the author’s individuality is demonstrated in Nahj-al-Balaghe’s 238th sermon? The unity issue is still one of the challenges of the Islamic world that makes the return to pure Islamic discourse and re-reading its simple principles an unavoidable necessity. Sermon 238, regarding the invitation of unity and forbidding division, is one of the richest sources in this field. The obtained results indicate that subjective order and logical structure are dominant over Imam Ali (AS)’s discourse in confronting the unity issue, precise rooting of dividing elements and then presenting solutions for solving the problem, the special place of rationality and rationalizing in Alavi discourse and positive self-concept while interacting with the audience are among the most notable features of his holiness’s individuality in the mentioned sermon.

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of type of water resource in simulating water quality parameters in Savel plain by the intelligent models. In this investigation, the performance of ANN and CANFIS models in simulation of TDS, SAR, EC, and TH were compared with each other. For this aim, considering the correlation of the parameters, the Ph, Ca, Mg, Cl, and SO4 from 1966 to 2016 were selected as the input variables. The results indicated that the minimum error by the ANN in groundwater and surface water resources were related to the TH and the EC with 1.29 and 5.3 % respectively. The maximum error in both resources corresponded to the SAR. The same results were obtained by the CANFIS. The consequences of the T-Test showed that there was a significant difference between the ANN and the CANFIS in estimation of the SAR in the groundwater. So that the value of NRMSE decreased from 32.9% in the ANN to 22.82% in the CANFIS.  Concerning the other parameters, there was not any significant distinction. In case of the surface water, the CANFIS led to increase of proficiency of simulation of the SAR and the TDS. So thar, the value of the NRMSE declined from 60.35 and 29.27% in the ANN to 28.72 and 16.85 % in the CANFIS. In general, the impact of the type of the water resource in the accuracy of intelligent models in simulation of water quality parameters was approved.

One of the most strategic decisions of Imam Ali (AS) during the era of the Islamic Caliphate (35-40 AH) before the beginning of the wars of the said period, was the strategy of peace and reconciliation with factions and opposition groups of his time.This paper aims to examine the veiled semantic layers of the text based on the approach of hermeneutic analysis of German theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher according to Sermon 40 of Nahj-al Balaghah.The basis of the author-centered hermeneutic approach and research methods in understanding the leading texts (non-revelatory sacred religious texts such as the Nahj-al Balaghah) is based on the principle that by applying two paradigms of grammatical and psychological interpretations deal with the hermeneutic reading and scientific scrutiny of the strategy of peace and reconciliation in the practical biography of Imam Ali (AS) and answers the question of how this strategy relates to peace in the hermeneutic reading of Sermon 40 of Nahj-al Balaghah with its historical narratives. According to the available data, the category of peace and reconciliation has a very practical and obvious manifestation in Imam’s theoretical and practical biography, the implications of which are exposed in the article.One of the results of applying the theoretical framework of the stated method is that in Sermon 40 the novelty of Ali’s (AS) way of thinking regarding peace and reconciliation is emphasized and leading the society towards security and tranquility in critical social conditions is a category that Alavi discourse takes the lead.The expert audience, in the process of reading the text, is guided to ascertain the semantic layers below the text and it seems that the analysis of the semantic infrastructure of Sermon 40 from the context of grammatical and psychological interpretation paradigm in author-centered hermeneutics, can express the spirit and judgment of the Imam and his comprehensive antidote personality. He is both a hero of peace as well as of war, he makes and maintains peace as long as the Muslim community is secured, and that tranquility and dignity prevails in the society. He fights as long as it is proven that the discourse of peace has become slow.

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy findings compared with pathology in the diagnosis of endometrial lesions in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

In a cross-sectional study, 106 pre- and postmenopausal women, complained of abnormal uterine bleeding, underwent transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy, and the accuracy of the findings of this diagnostic duality was assessed by endometrial sampling in the operating room. Finally, the agreement between ultrasound and hysteroscopy was examined, and the diagnostic value criteria of both ultrasound and hysteroscopy were calculated according to the pathological findings.

The agreement ratio between ultrasound and hysteroscopy in the normality of endometrial thickness was 69%. On the other hand, the agreement between the two methods was upper in postmenopausal women than in perimenopausal women. Ultrasound did not have a high sensitivity and specificity for myoma diagnosis. However, the positive predictive value of ultrasound in polyp diagnosis (82.7%) and its negative predictive value in myoma diagnosis (91.7%) were high. Hysteroscopy was highly sensitive to polyp and myoma detection.

There is a favorable agreement between transvaginal and hysteroscopic ultrasound to determine the normality of the endometrium. Hysteroscopy has high diagnostic value criteria for the diagnosis of these lesions. However, since hysteroscopy is an invasive procedure, the use of transvaginal ultrasound to screen women with abnormal uterine bleeding is justified.

The absorbent layer of the heart is a solar cell that plays an important role in its function. In recent years, Cu (In, Ga) Se2 has been highly regarded as an absorbent layer in chalcogenide solar cells. In this research, a cheap, fast and commercially available spray pyrolysis method has been used to make CISe layers. Then, the effect of soaking time of samples in sodium-containing solution on the electrical, optical, structural and morphological properties of the sprayed layers was investigated and the optimal amount of sodium in the structure was introduced. Analyzes performed to evaluate these features include X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) with elemental analysis (EDS), transmittance spectroscopy (UV-Vis), electrochemical analysis of Mott-Schottky and current-voltage curve measurements in the dark ambient. The results show that the change of soaking time in the solution and consequently the amount of sodium in the structure affects the crystallinity and morphological properties of the layers. The layers resulting from the soaking time of 15 minutes are finer than 5 and 10 minutes and are also porous in the cross-sectional area images. While the best crystallinity and maximum porosity of the mobility (~10-1cm2 / V.s) were obtained for a sample with a soaking time of 10 minutes. Sodium diffusion in the structure changed from ~1019cm-3 to ~1017cm-3. However, the energy levels of the band structure do not change significantly as the soaking time changes. On the other hand, by changing the soaking time of the direct band gap from 1.38 to 1.41 eV has changed. So that the expansion of the band gap with a value of 1.41 eV is visible for the optimal amount of sodium with a soaking time of 10 minutes. In general, according to the results of this study, the CISe:Na layer can be used in various optoelectronic structures by using the optimized amounts of sodium in the structure of the solar cell.

Protein nanofibers are obtained through heating the globular proteins above their denaturation temperatures at acidic pH. These structures have a length of about 1 μm and a diameter of about 1 to 10 nm and are very anisotropic. The main objective of this study was to produce nanofibrils from whey protein isolates, evaluate their appearance and functional properties in order to use them as ingredients in food. The protein nanofibrils were prepared at 90 °C at the concentration of 20 mg mL-1 then their appearance and functional properties were evaluated at pH 2, 4, and 6. The results obtained by atomic force microscopy showed that by increasing pH, the stability and the content of the produced nanofibrils decreased. Moreover, stable nanofibrils at higher pH values showed higher emulsion capacity and stability and higher solubility percentages. Also by increasing pH, samples opacity and turbidity and color parameters were increased. Nanofibrils also showed better functional properties compared to the control sample (P <0.05). In this way, protein nanofibrils can be commercially suggested as an additive to improve functional properties of food products. Desirable functional characteristics of WPI nanofibrils compared to the unprocessed native whey protein isolate, provides the possibility of their application to improve the qualitative properties of food products and as ingredients in foods for patients and elderly people and dietary and low-calorie foods.

Psychological factors play an important role in the outcome and adaptability of the patient with chronic heart failure, but they are often ignored in the treatment process. This study aimed to determine the correlation between hopelessness, resiliency, and type D personality in patients with chronic heart failure. The study was descriptive-correlational. The researchers, using purposive sampling method, selected One hundred patients with chronic heart failure who referred to the Farhangian clinic located in the second district of Tehran. The researchers completed patients’ demographic form, the index of severity of illness, beck hopelessness scale (BHS), short version of Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and type D personality questionnaire by interviewing the participants. SPSS software version 19 analyzed data. The findings showed that most heart failure patients had moderate hopelessness (86%) and resiliency (85%) and 67% had type D personality. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a moderate, inverse, and significant correlation between type D personality and resiliency (r = -0.479, p <0.001) and a weak but positive and significant correlation between type D personality and hopelessness(r = 0.198, p = 0.048). There was no significant correlation between hopelessness and resiliency (P >0.05). Type D personality in patients with heart failure is accompanied by a reduction in resilience and an increase in hopelessness. These findings can be used for health policymakers in designing and planning of multidisciplinary team care and holistic care of patients with heart failure. Considering the high frequency of hopelessness, reduction of resiliency, and type D personality in patients with heart failure, screening, identification, and referral of patients requiring psychological support is essential for facilitating adjustment and improvement of the quality of life. The identification and psychological support of patients with type D personality can help increase the hope and resilience of heart failure patients.

This project presents a novel approach and a new dataset for the problem of driver drowsiness and distraction detection. Lack of an available and accurate eye dataset strongly feels in the area of eye closure detection. Therefore, a new comprehensive dataset is proposed, and a study on driver distraction of the road is provided to supply safety for the drivers. An artificial network is also designed in such a way that two goals of real-time application, including high accuracy and fastness, are considered simultaneously. The main purposes of this project are as follows: Estimation of driver head direction for distraction detection, introduce a new comprehensive dataset to detect eye closure, and also, presentation of three networks in which one of them is a Fully Designed Neural Network (FD-NN) and others use transfer learning with VGG16 and VGG19 with extra designed layers (TL-VGG). The experimental results show the high accuracy and low computational complexity of the estimations and the ability of the proposed networks on drowsiness detection.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is high among office workers. One of the most important risk factors of these disorders is awkward posture and inappropriate environmental conditions. So, this study was carried out to determine frequency of MSDS and its related risk factors among the office workers of Minab city healthcare centers in 2018.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 staff in Minab city health care centers. Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire was applied to determine the prevalence of MSDs and Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method was used for posture analysis. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Excel software was used to plot the graph.

The highest prevalence rates of MSDs were reported in low back (63.5%), neck (51.9%) and upper back (50%). There was no significant difference between MSDs and age, sex and BMI (P˃0.05) but there was a significant relationship with work experience (P˂0.05). Totally, 36.6% of employees were placed in the first priority of corrective actions (i.e. the need for ergonomic interventions as soon as possible). There was a significant correlation between awkward posture and neck pain (P <0.05).

The frequency of MSDS in health center office workers was high and neck pain was related to awkward posture.

With the spread of Islam, either through cultural promotion or developmental wars and combats, one can point to the growing influence of Islam on one hand, and on the other hand, the new cultural approach among writers, scholars, historians and poets in the field of social developments. One of the literary sections that has been influenced by the social and political developments of its period was the poetry. There were many poets during this period, such as Akhtal, Farzadagh, and Jarir in the Umayyad era, Al-Mutanabbī and Abu Tamam, who attributed the victories to the caliphs by describing the conquests in the form of warfare and the tactics of commanders and soldiers in most of their poems. There are direct and indirect references to the caliph and congratulations to him.

The failure probability and establishment risk of startups is high due to the required high technical knowledge and added value, new product developments, lack of financial sources and need for specialists. By the use of risk management approaches, one can systematically evaluate the risks related to the decisions and improve the success probability by studying the corresponding opportunities and treats. In this paper, we consider the development phase of Nanotechnology startups as a project and propose a quantitative framework for analyzing the risk response strategies based on the PMBOK standard and a combination of FMEA, TOPSIS, and optimization model. Using FMEA, we can study the effect of risks and risk responses on the startup goals. TOPSIS helps to analyze the impact of risk responses on all the risk factors. The bi-objective optimization model is formulated subject to the prevailing constraints such as budget, time, production capacity and incompatibility of strategies. The proposed optimization model is for determining the Pareto frontier of risk and profits that as a decision tool may help managers to select the appropriate risk response strategies. The validation and sensitivity of proposed framework is analyzed applying it for a Nanotechnology startup in Yazd science & technology Park. Although the complete enumeration can be used to solve the small and medium instances, we propose the Epsilon constraint method successfully in order to solve the large-sized problems. The validation of framework confirm that it can apply to identify, evaluate and select of optimal risk response strategies. Also, the sensitivity analysis results show that the estimation quality of the model parameters particularly costs has a great impact of the outcomes. Therefore, developing the quantitative methods such artificial neural network to estimate the key parameters such as costs, revenues and risk levels is as a direction for the future study.

The urban environmental management faces challenges that require a fundamental solution to develop a comprehensive model of management performance. In the scope of performance, there are several criteria for evaluating management performance, but these criteria have not been formulated correctly to judge the performance of urban environmental management. Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of identifying and analyzing the dimensions and criteria of enhancing the performance of Tehran's environmental management using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique. This method is one of the systems analysis methods that surveies the interactions between the elements of the system. MICMAC analysis was used to cluster the criteria. The research is a descriptive survey in terms of applied purpose and data collection, and the data-gathering tool is a questionnaire. Since this method is based on experts’ opinion, 10 experts in urban environmental management were selected by purposeful non-random sampling method and identified 8 main criteria and 27 sub-criteria according to their opinion. The results of this conceptual model are the design of a desirable and comprehensive model of municipal performance in Tehran, which reported variables in three levels, "Output of performance,"Key improvement processes," Capacity buildings.” Capacity building” criterion, with the most influence and influence, is given priority and incentive measures in promoting the performance of Tehran's urban environmental management. The proposed model has generalized capability to other cities in accordance with the potential of that city.

Probiotics as replacement for growth promoter antibiotics and foodborne pathogens bio-control strategy are attractive in broiler chicken industry and improve consumer food safety. This research was designed to investigate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of local domestic chickens in Iran. In this study, the ability to tolerate acid and bile in two 216 isolates of lactic acid bacteria was investigated and 13 superior isolates were selected to be identified using the 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. After that, the ability of 13 selected lactobacilli isolates to control foodborne pathogens was studied. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that all isolates belonged to the Lactobacillus species. Of the 13 isolates, 7, 3 and 3 isolates belonged to Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus salivarius, respectively. All of these isolates were able to tolerate pH = 3 for 3 hours and 0.3% bile salts. Three isolates belonging to L. salivarius were more effective to inhibit common Zoonoses bacteria. This study revealed that the in vitro favorable probiotic potential in some isolated lactobacilli from the native chicken digestive tract from Iran, introduce them as good candidates in probiotic supplements to improve food safety of consumer after conducting in vivo tests.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chamomile cream on the improvement of grade I pressure ulcer in order to find an effective and inexpensive treatment.

In this randomized clinical trial study, 70 patients with grade I pressure ulcer were randomly divided into two groups. In intervention group, chamomile cream was administered topically on the wound for one week, and in the control group, common preventive methods were presented. Then, the condition of wound healing was evaluated for all patients using the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) instrument, at the first, fourth, and seventh days of the study.

There was no significant difference in the mean scores of pressure ulcer between the two groups at the first day of the study (P > 0.050). At the fourth and seventh days of the study, the mean scores of pressure ulcer were significantly lower in intervention group (P < 0.001). Before intervention, the mean score of pressure ulcer in intervention group was 6.44 ± 2.25 which reduced to 1.33 ± 1.12 at the seventh day. In control group, the first assessment of the PUSH score was 5.86 ± 1.93 which increased to 8.14 ± 2.40 at the seventh day.

Chamomile cream seems to be effective in the treatment of grade I pressure ulcer. This combination is likely to be used as a treatment option in addition to standard treatment, and will be effective in the treatment of grade I pressure ulcer in the short term. However, due to the fact that this study was conducted on grade I pressure ulcer, more studies are suggested be done to investigate the effect of chamomile on the recovery of grade II pressure ulcer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the use of three lactobacillus strains (L. reuteri ABRIG17 (MF686477), L. reuteri ABRIG23 (MF686483), L. reuteri ABRIG3 (MF686463)), Isolated from duodenum and Jejunum sections of the native Guilan chickens and one isolate of L. salivarius NABRII58 (MH595986) isolated from the digestive system of the native ducks of Mazandaran, on serum lipids and immune parameters of broiler chickens. The strains were isolated from 383 gram-positive and catalase negative lactic acid bacteria in a screening procedure for the detection of bacteria with probiotic potential. In the experiment, 500 male Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 5 replicates and 20 birds per replicate. The treatments consisted of: 1-The basal diet as control group (treatment C), 2- The basal diet + 1 g / kg of mixed powder containing MF686463 (L. Reuteri ABRIG3 (LR1), 3- The base diet + 1 g /kg of L. Reuteri ABRIG23 (MF686483) (LR2 treatment), 4- The basal diet + 1 g / kg of L. Reuteri (MF686477) ABRIG17 (LR3 treatment) and 5- The basal diet + 1 g / kg of L. Salivarius (MH595986) NABRII58 (Treatment LS). The use of bacterial strains in LR1 and LS treatments resulted in improved weight gain at the end of the experiment (P <0.05). The bacterial strains in LR1 treatment improved daily weight gain in whole experimental period (P <0.05). All three strains of Lactobacillus used, namely, LR1, LR2 and LR3 treatments, caused a significant decrease in abdominal fat pad (P <0.05). In LR3 treatment, the increase in carcass weight was observed (P <0.05). Measuring serum immunoglobulins in broiler chicks after two stages of sheep red blood cell injection showed that LR3 had the highest total immunoglobulin level after the second injection (P <0.05), and IgG levels in the LR1 treatment increased after the first injection compared to the control group (P <0.05). After the second injection, the IgG of all the four experimental groups were higher than control group (P <0.05), but IgM showed no significant difference between experimental treatments and control group. Total serum cholesterol concentration of LR2 treatment was significantly (P <0.05) lower than other treatments. There was no significant difference in serum triglyceride level between control and the LR1, LR2 and LS treatments, and only LR3 triglyceride level was higher than others (P <0.05). The level of HDL or good cholesterol in LS treatment was higher than the control group (P <0.05). Serum LDL level did not show any significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The present study revealed that probiotic bacteria can be isolated from native poultry microbial populations and isolated bacteria can improve the production and immunity of broiler chicks. It is worthy of note that the positive effect of Lactobacillus salivarius strain isolated from the native duck gastrointestinal tract on the weight gain and serum immunoglobulins in broiler chickens suggested that the gastrointestinal bacteria of a species of poultry could be used as a probiotic in other types of poultry.