مریم پرنیان خوی

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused therapy on perceived stress and emotional suppression in coronary artery disease patients.

The research method was a quasi - experimental design with pre test - post test experimental and control groups. The statistical population includes all the coronary artery patients who had referred to Tabriz medical centers and received a diagnosis by a specialist. The sample consisted of 30 patients, who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups in the same way. The experimental group received compassion – based trherapy in 8 two-hour sessions, while the control group did not receive any therapeutic intervention. Data collection tools were perceived stress scale and Weinberger adjustment inventory. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data of the present study.

The results showed that compassion – focused therapy had a significant effect on reducing perceived stress (P < 0.01) and emotional suppression (P < 0.01) in patients with coronary artery disease.

It can be concluded that compassion – focused therapy is effective way to reduce perceived stress and emotional suppression in patients with coronary heart disease.

The present study was performed aiming to investigate the relationships of ego-strength and parenting styles to vulnerability to addiction with the mediating role of emotional repression in adolescents.

The present research was a correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all male high school students in the city of Osko who were studying in the academic year 2019-2020 (n=1100). Among them, a total of 200 male students and their mothers were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Participants answered to the identifying people in risk of addiction questionnaire, the psychosocial inventory of ego-strength, the parenting styles questionnaire, and the adjustment inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and structural equation modeling.

The proposed model had a good fit. Ego-strength and parenting styles had significant direct effects on vulnerability to addiction. Emotional repression also played a significant mediating role in the relationships of parenting styles and ego-strength to vulnerability to addiction.

Dimensions of ego-strength and authoritative parenting style are able to explain the decreased adolescent addiction by reducing emotional repression. This can be useful as a suitable model for designing addiction prevention programs among adolescents and young people.

The purpose of this study was investigating the relationship between childhood maltreatment, attachment styles and vulnerability to addiction through the mediating role of emotional suppression in adolescents. The present study was conducted with a correlational method. The study population included male students of the tenth and eleventh grades (secondary school) in the city of Osku in  the academic year of 2019-2020 (N=1400). Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 300 student were selected. The research instruments included an identifying people in risk of addiction questionnaire, childhood trauma questionnaire, attachment style scale and Weinberger adjustment inventory. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 and PLS 3 software using structural equation modeling. Results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between vulnerability to addiction and avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles, childhood maltreatment and high level of emotional suppression. The proposed model had a good fitness and childhood maltreatment and insecure attachment styles could explain vulnerability to addiction with the mediating role of emotional suppression (p < 0/01). As a result, emotional suppression, on the one hand, is influenced by the experiences of childhood abuse and, on the other hand, results from insecure attachment styles. Problems in regulating emotions and suppressing of emotions can make adolescents vulnerable to addiction. This issue have suggestions for prevention and intervention regarding addiction.

The purpose of this study was to determining the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused therapy on experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion of cancer patients with depression symptoms.

The study was a quasi – experimental design with pre test - post test experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study was all the cancer patients who refered to the Valiasr Hospital in Tabriz and the offices of several Specialists in Tabriz during the third quarter of 2019. The sample consisted of 30 patients, who were selected with available sampling method. The sample of 30 participants were placed randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, thus 15 patients in the experimental group and 15 patients in the control group. The experimental group received Compassion-Focused therapy in 8 sessions of two hours, while the control group did not receive any intervention. For collecting data, Acceptance and action Questionnaire-II for experiential avoidance measurement, cognitive fusion questionnaire were used. The Data were analyzed with Covariance method.

The results showed that compassion-focused therapy had a significant effect on reducing the experiential avoidance (P<0.03) and cognitive fusion (P<0.01) in cancer patients with depression symptoms.

Therefore, it can be concluded that compassion-focused therapy is an effective intervention to reduce the experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion in cancer patients with depression symptoms.

The importance of relationship beliefs and patterns in shaping and determining the quality of couple’s relationships is undeniable. This beliefs like any other variables derived from many factors such as internal processes and personality characteristics as well as environmental factors and social texture. The purpose of the present study is investigation the role of family-of-origin function and neuroticism in relationship beliefs of divorce applicant couples. In this research that is a correlation study, from the divorce applicant couples in Ardebil city, 200 person were selected using the purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were neuroticism subscale of the Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) (McCrae and Costa, 1985), Family of origin Scale (Hovestadt and et al, 1985) and relationship Beliefs inventory (Eidelson and Epstein, 1982). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise regression method. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between couple’s beliefs and neuroticism. Among the components of the family-of-origin function, the components of expressiveness, respect and conflict resolution have a negative and significant relationship with couples' relationship beliefs. The results of regression analysis also showed that neuroticism and explicit expression and trust components were the best predictors of the relationship beliefs of couples. Of course, neuroticism has a greater role in explaining of that beliefs. The results of present study showed that low levels of neuroticism and family-of-origin’s normal function can predict effective relationship beliefs that the result of this issue is reduction of marital conflicts.

Smoking additionally is one of the risk factors for cancer, can play an important role in the recovery process of cancer patients. This issue is affected by several factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was investigating the role of emotional repression and ego – strength in predicting of smoking and non-smoking in cancer patients. In this research that is a descriptive – correlative and cross-sectional study, from the cancer patients who referred to the chemotherapy part in Vali-e-Asr hospital in Tabriz during the April and May months of 2017, 120 patient were selected using the available sampling method. The instruments used in this study were Weinbergeret.al Adjustment Inventory (WAI) (1979) and Markstrom et.al Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strength (PIES). Data were analyzed using software SPSS 21 and Logistic regression method. Findings Showed that among the components of emotional repression, subjective experience of distress (β= -0.12) can predict smoking. The regression model of emotional repression for 73/3 percent of participants correctly predicted the results. About ego – strength, hope (β= -0.16) and purpose (β= -0.14) are able to predict of smoking. Also, ego – strength’s model for 77.5 percent of participants correctly can predict smoking. subjective experience of distress, hope and purpose are an important determinants of smoking in cancer patients. It is necessary to consider the role of these variables in smoking cessation interventions in cancer patients.

Addiction is a psychosocial illness that affects individual’s psychological and physiological dependence. One of the most important issues in this regard is the patient's problems and relapse of substance use. The current study aimed at determining the problems of people discharged from addiction treatment centers and factors associated with relapse of substance use in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
The current qualitative and quantitative (descriptive-analytical) study was conducted on the statistical population of addicts and their families, managers, and specialists of welfare addiction centers in East Azerbaijan Province. After interviewing 30 participants, selected by purposeful sampling, and reaching data saturation, a questionnaire was developed. The statistical population of the quantitative section was people discharged from addiction treatment centers in East Azerbaijan Province, and the study samples were selected using cluster sampling method from three addiction treatment centers; hence, 260 people who had at least one time experience of relapse of substance use were selected. An author-made questionnaire was developed based on the research question as the problems of people discharged from addiction treatment centers. Content validity index and reliability of the author-made questionnaire were examined using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.
In order of preferences, psychological and physical problems (mean rank = 12.87), lack of influential beliefs (11.49), lack of trust and social acceptance (10.74), weakness in tolerance and overcoming temptation (9.76), unemployment and poor socioeconomic status (9.20) were the five main problems of the studied people (X2 = 2489.9, P Personal problems, poor socioeconomic status, and family problems were reported as an important factors playing a significant role in the relapse of substance use. Therefore, multi-dimensional planning is recommended to authorities to prevent the relapse of substance use.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of emotional intelligence and socioeconomic status with vulnerability to addiction with the mediating role of basic psychological needs among university students.
In this study, which falls within the category of correlational studies, 400 students from Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University were selected using cluster sampling method. Then, they answered Identifying People in Risk of Addiction Questionnaire, Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), Basic Psychological Needs Scale, and Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire.
The results showed that vulnerability to addiction had a significant negative correlation with emotional intelligence and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. The proposed model had a good fit with the data.
The dimensions of emotional intelligence and socioeconomic status can explain vulnerability to addiction in university students because of their facilitative role in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and, thereby, attention to this matter can lead to the proposal of some recommendations for addiction prevention and treatment.

The aim of this study was to compare sustained attention between three groups of methamphetamine addicts, heroin addicts, and normal people.
In this causal-comparative study, 30 methamphetamine dependent participants and 30 heroin dependent participants were selected using purposive sampling from among the men who referred to RIBIRTH Center for Addiction of the city of Tabriz. In addition, 30 normal individuals were selected for the control group. These three groups had been matched in terms of age, gender, education, marital status, and socioeconomic status. All three groups were evaluated by means of demographic questionnaire and continuous performance test.
The results showed that there was a significant difference between methamphetamine and heroin groups and between methamphetamine users and normal people in terms of the reaction time of CPT, as a measure of sustained attention; indeed, the methamphetamine group gained higher mean scores in that regard (P Therefore, it can be argued that the application of sustained attention tasks is lower in methamphetamine and heroin users than that in normal people. In addition to the more accurate understanding of the problem, the better identification and recognition of these factors can pave the way for the higher effectiveness of the current treatment methods and also for the provision of new therapeutic strategies.