مسعود صفایی پور

Introduction :

In the last few decades, the expansion of vehicles, space and urban passages has distanced urban design and planning from human-centeredness and the special causes of Islamic Iranian characteristics. As a result, social and cultural interactions and the values of urban spaces have decreased. The continuation of such a flow has caused the urban life of its spaces and its civilization to face damage, as well as the quality of the city spaces. Therefore, urban and civil life reaches its peak that the presence of urban residents in public spaces, while providing comfort, will lead to the acquisition of knowledge and spiritual advancement and the excellence of their collective spirit and culture. which is a function of religious values and beliefs of Islamic history and culture in the public spaces of the city [11]. Sidewalks are the place where all urban residents are present and participate in social life. Therefore, their presence in the cities helps to improve people’s mental image of the city. Therefore, the existential philosophy of sidewalks is not just the physical and communicative manifestations, but rather strengthening and stabilizing some economic issues and expanding socio-cultural interactions and creating a human scale and uses in the public space [12]. In Iranian-Islamic cities, due to the predominance of the Islamic worldview, the privacy of people in private and semi-private spaces is of particular importance. In fact, privacy has been a personal right of individuals and induces concepts such as space, privacy, territory and sphere of influence. In favorable conditions, a network of privacy hierarchies encompasses the urban space. This hierarchy starts from the residential units as the most confidential and private space and ends with the most public central space of the city [9]. For this reason, in Iranian Islamic cities, in order to eliminate isolation, social connection is given special importance. In fact, these spaces are part of the open and public spaces of cities where collective life is going on. All people are allowed to access these spaces, and social interaction and confrontation is one of its most important features. Creating relaxation, entertainment, providing communication, socializing and the possibility of movement are other functions of urban public spaces. The existence of these spaces is very effective and necessary to prevent helplessness, depression, isolation and violence. In this way, these spaces can create a situation for the growth of creativity and be a constructive environment in an urban complex [2].The urban development of today’s cities lacks spiritual and religious principles and values, as well as native and local features and characteristics. The lack of criteria based on theoretical foundations arising from Islamic-Iranian culture has prevailed in all the elements and parts of the city [13]. Among the issues that have been emphasized in the Holy Quran and Hadith in the creation of social life is the appearance that evokes the remembrance of God. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective factors in improving the qualityof pedestrian spaces with an emphasis on the Iranian Islamic cities of Behbahan city from the residents’ point of view and to answer the following questions.
1- What are the effective indicators in planning, design, and management of urban streets according to Islamic teachings and Iranian culture?Therefore, the current research aims to determine the effective parameters for improving the quality of pedestrian spaces as research components with a systemic approach to evaluate and analyze the effective factors of strengthening the sidewalk with an Iranian-Islamic perspective in the city of Behbahan.

The current research is practical due to the analysis and investigation of the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of pedestrian spaces, with an emphasis on the Iranian Islamic cities of Behbahan from the perspective of the residents. Its general approach is quantitative. The data collection tool is a questionnaire that was designed to study the research and the theoretical foundations of the research. It was also designed by surveying experts with five indicators in the form of 30 items in the form of a five-point Likert scale. The analyzed indicators are: 1- traffic and access (4 items); 2- public security and traffic safety (7 items); 3- physical-visual (7 items); 4- Social-functional performance (7 items) and 5- Environment (5 items) (Table 1). SPSS26 and Excel software were used to analyze data and information. Depending on the measurement level of variables, suitable tests such as Pearson’s correlation coefficient test have been used. The statistical population of the current research includes all urban residents and residents of Behbahan City, located in Khuzestan province, according to the official census of population and housing in 2015, the population of this city was equal to 122,604 people. Therefore, the statistical sample of this research was obtained based on Cochran’s 386 formula. The calculated alpha value of 0.814 represents the reliability of the questionnaire.

Data screening In order to check the assumptions of parametric statistics, as already stated, the data of the research was measured in an interval manner, and the probability sampling method was used to select the samples. Its dimensions are in the range of +2 and -2, which shows that the assumption of normality of distribution has been met. The T-test statistical method was used to investigate and analyze the research components. Analyses were performed using spss26 software, and the level of significance for the two-domain test was considered to be equal to 0.05.The situational results of the quality of sidewalks in Behbahan City show that the calculated average score of the subjects is in the 95% confidence interval of the t-test and is in the low limit. Therefore, it can be concluded that the state of urban health in the studied area (Behbahan City) is in a suitable and favorable condition and is positive, and this finding is significant at the level (α=.01).

The emergence of urbanization problems and, as a result, the reduction of the quality of urban spaces has led experts to find a suitable way to adjust the conditions of urban spaces and improve their quality level. In the past, the architecture and urban planning of Iranian cities were in accordance with the culture of the people, their spirit, and the urban community, while today, in urban design, these features have been forgotten, and economic interests are mostly taken into account. As a result, urban streets and sidewalks are like showcases of cities, and the character of cities is largely focused on their existence. Some streets may even influence the identity and character of that city. As a result of the present research, it has investigated and studied the quality indicators of pedestrian spaces in Behbahan City with an emphasis on Iranian Islamic cities. The results of the t-test (at level α=.01) of indicators and variables of the quality of pedestrian spaces in Behbahan city show that: 1) traffic and access component with a coefficient (105/83); 2) public security and traffic safety component with coefficient (95/105); 3) physical-visual component with coefficient (369/116); 4) The social-functional performance component with the coefficient (335/128) and 5) the environmental component with the coefficient (461/90) are significant. The calculated average score of the subjects is in the 95% confidence interval of the t-test and is at its upper limit. This indicates that the quality of pedestrian spaces in Behbahan city is good and suitable.

Worn-out tissues are a part of today's cities that face many problems in economic, social, physical, environmental and management dimensions. The decline in social and economic status and the functional and physical disorders of these tissues, along with the sharp decline in the quality of the urban environment, are among the reasons that have forced policy makers and urban planners to present new strategies in dealing with the problems of these tissues. Regeneration has been introduced as the latest and most accepted intervention approach in the organization of worn-out tissues. The main goal of this research is to identify the key effective drivers on the regeneration of worn-out tissues of Behbahan city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and according to the investigated components, its approach is descriptive-analytical. The research data and information have been collected using documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the research, consisting of 18 urban experts and specialists, was selected by purposive sampling. Then, 28 effective variables on the regeneration of worn-out tissues have been identified and analyzed with MICMAC software. The results of this research show that among the 28 driving forces, the empowerment of residents, the allocation of financial credits in the form of housing loans, the promotion and development of urban resilience, the participation of people and interested groups in decisions, compliance with principles and rules of urban development, creating capacity to increase the income of the residents, paying attention to old valuable buildings, creating a platform for the entry of the private sector are among the key drivers influencing the future of the regeneration of the worn-out tissues of Behbahan.

In recent decades, Iranian Islamic cities have been heavily influenced by globalization, which has led to transformation and creating ambiguities in their physical manifestation. Due to the spread of foreign culture, this metamorphosis has moved away from the basic guidelines of the revealed teachings in the construction of the Iranian Islamic city and has brought about significant changes in the urban structure. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is the comparative comparison of the new and old neighborhoods of Isfahan based on the Iranian-Islamic city approach. Therefore, two neighborhoods (the old neighborhood of Shahshahan and the new neighborhood of Baharestan) were selected in the city of Isfahan. In this context, 39 indicators were selected in the form of four principles: mosque-centered (man's relationship with God), introversion (man's relationship with himself), neighborhood-centered (man's relationship with society) and naturalism (man's relationship with the universe). In the next step, research data was collected using the questionnaire technique and field studies. In the next step, the collected data was entered into spss software. Finally, the status of the two studied neighborhoods in terms of the indicators of the Iranian Islamic city was compared using an independent t-test. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the average of the two groups in the two studied neighborhoods have significant differences in 23 indicators, and also the average of the majority of indicators in Shahshahan neighborhood is much higher than Baharestan neighborhood. The biggest difference between the two studied neighborhoods is in mosque-oriented, introspective, neighborhood-oriented, and lastly, naturalism. An important point is that these two neighborhoods have very little difference in the nature aspect, apart from the two indicators of the presence of a yard in the house and the presence of a garden in the yard of the residential unit.

Today, tourism as an industry is a dynamic global and social phenomenon whose scientific knowledge and analysis can provide a reliable framework for planning the current and future tourism industry. The aim of this study is to identify the key drivers of tourism in Khorramabad and to investigate how these drivers affect each other. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied goal setting strategy and its method and exploratory based on future research methods. Theoretical data were prepared by documentary method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi method. The statistical population of the study was 30 experts and specialists in the field of tourism in Khorramabad city were selected by purposive sampling. Delphi methods, cross-impact analysis and MicMac software were used to analyze the obtained data. The results show that what can be understood from the distribution of variables affecting the future tourism situation in Khorramabad is the instability of the system. 4 main factors as key factors on the future of tourism in the city of Khorramabad have the greatest impact, which are: easy access, suitable climate, appropriate and strategic location in the region, the existence of historical monuments. As a result of matrix analysis and evaluation of the impact plan of key factors by direct and indirect methods, 12 key factors including: comprehensive tourism plan, integrated management, private sector investment, development of leisure and tourism centers, easy access, convenient and strategic location in The region, suitable climate, government macro-policy, number of tourist attractions, increase of accommodation centers, existence of important historical monuments and security were identified.

Considering the complexities and uncertainties that the 21st century city is facing today, the structural analysis of urban tissues and in this article the inefficient peripheral tissues of Ahvaz city as manifestations of urban poverty can improve the overall system and its quality that will be beneficial for urban planners and managers as well as for future residents. Therefore, the purpose of this article is structural analysis and recognition of the key and strategic factors of the urban poverty system of the inefficient marginal tissues of Ahvaz metropolis. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method, it is descriptive-analytical exploratory with a prospective approach. In order to determine the key variables (strategic drivers) of the urban poverty system, the mutual effects of the variables were estimated by 35 experienced experts in the form of a 49*49 matrix and analyzed through MICMAC software. The findings of the research show that due to the lack of influencing variables, the state of the poverty system in the target areas is unsustainable. Also, 9 strategic drivers can be identified: 1- low rent rate, 2- unemployment rate, 3- real dependency, 4- household dimension, 5- ratio of commercial use to total uses in the neighborhood, 6- availability of public services and facilities. 7- the rate of access to health care facilities, 8- the education of the head of the household, and 9- the area of the residential house (smallness). Also, in order to facilitate and speed up the implementation of the largest volume of the most important future, general and public measures, reforming the structures of urban poverty, upgrading and improving the state of the general system of poverty in the three economic, social and physical-environmental areas mentioned, as well as greater coordination in the inter-institutional relations of urban management In the target areas, the strategy of creating a neighborhood development center/institution with a focus on networking for sustainable community-oriented urban regeneration for entrepreneurship and empowerment; Creating balanced densities at the neighborhood level, reducing social damage, restoring the social dignity of neighborhoods; and renovation and improvement of the texture is suggested.

In the 21st century, global efforts to mitigate environmental pollutants have focused on fostering a low-carbon economy and advancing energy sources that minimize greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. However, numerous challenges persist. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate and analyze the obstacles to sustainable development in the city of Ahvaz within an environmentally non-operating context. This study was applied in its purpose and survey-oriented while being descriptive-analytical in its methodology. Data were gathered through document analysis, library research, and fieldwork (questionnaires and interviews). The statistical population of the study comprised experts in the field of energy in Ahvaz with a sampling method based on stratification. The analysis employed quantitative methods, utilizing the ARAS and VIKOR techniques. The findings revealed that the challenges in developing geothermal, biomass, water, wind, and solar energy were primarily environmental in nature. The VIKOR technique results indicated that solar energy ranked highest in terms of ineffectiveness in addressing energy challenges in Ahvaz with a score of 1 followed by wind energy at 0.758 and water energy at 0.2220. Geothermal energy and biomass ranked lowest, respectively. Furthermore, the integration results demonstrated a varying degree of interdependence between non-factor indicators and energy development challenges contingent upon the type of renewable energy.

The purpose of this research is to identify the key factors of urban development in Dezful with a future research approach. Since today's world is changing and evolving at an increasing speed, uncertainty is one of its features that must be known. Therefore, future research is necessary to be prepared for these uncertainties and appropriate and flexible development. In this regard, the current research with a descriptive-analytical method and with an exploratory future research approach seeks to identify the key drivers of the urban development of Dezful city.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical nature, and in terms of method, it is a combination of library and survey methods and is based on the future research approach of cross-effects matrix (MICM). The scope of the research is the city of Dezful and the current study is in the time frame of February 1402. The statistical population of this research is 60 urban and urban management experts. Considering that the research approach is exploratory and based on the survey of experts, the validity of the questionnaire has been approved by the experts during the interviews and surveys

The research findings showed that among the 30 investigated indicators for the physical development of Dezful city, 10 components are creative people, literacy rate, new technology, Dez river water quality, transportation, per capita production, infrastructure quality, city security, integrated management. The city and access to city services respectively have the highest direct influence

Considering the reduction of fossil fuels and the increase of carbon dioxide caused by these fuels, the transition to renewable and low-carbon energies is inevitable. In this regard, the high capacity of Ahvaz city in the direction of the development of various types of renewable energy can be achieved, which not only reduces energy consumption and costs, but also leads to a cleaner and more stable environment. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to write a scenario for the development of renewable energies in Ahvaz metropolis. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, survey and descriptive-analytical. The necessary information was collected in the form of documents, library and field (questionnaire and interview). The statistical community of the current research is made up of experts in the fields of city and energy. The sampling method in this research is stratified sampling proportional to the volume. Also, the method of analysis was quantitative, which used scenario writing wizard. The results show that the total score of compatible scenarios or in other words the impact of all scenarios is 126, the results of which show the importance of the scenarios of solar energy development for energy supply, development of solar energy within industries, development of solar panels at the level of offices and organizations. The development of solar panels in residential areas is the most compatible and the scenario of continuing the use of fossil fuels for energy production and the development and establishment of nuclear power plants in the region are the least compatible for the development in the city of Ahvaz.

Religious tourism can bring about major changes in economical, social, and cultural conditions of local communities. Regarded as the greatest social mobility, this industry involves numerous cultural, economical, and formational consequences, constantly requiring its development to be effective in both the past and present. As the most suitable border passage for Arbaeen pilgrimage, the greatest Religious event in the world with millions of pilgrims participating in it, Mehran city allows 70% of holy shrines pilgrims to pass through its borders, proving itself as a city which has a high potential to achieve the regional sustainable future development brought about by religious tourism. Identifying the vital factors and main drivers affecting the future development of religious tourism in Mehran city, is in line with administrating and designing the possible scenarios in the future, policy-making framework, and flexible planning in synchronization with the region's conditions. This research, in terms of practical purpose and descriptive-analytic nature, is based on the desk studies and environmental observations. The data required for this research is selected, categorized, and formulated by utilizing the available studies regarding the future development of religious tourism, and five indexes: economical, social-cultural, management-planning, infrastructural-formational, environmental-geographical factors; then, using the delphi method for managers and elites, the cross-sectional effects matrix was formulated. In the next level, the matrix was analyzed by utilizing softwares such as Mic Mac and scenario wizard. After inspecting the rate and method by which these factors affect each other, and also future development status of the religious tourism, 13 key factors (fund-raising, integrated management, sanctions, weather conditions, tours, removing legal barriers, private sector, economical development, regulations, environmental factors, geopolitical situation, visa, and network connections) that had the most important roles in Mehran city's future development of religious tourism, were selected; then, using the capabilities presented by the scenario wizard 2, 2 strong scenarios, 9999 weak scenarios, and 4 believable scenarios were extracted.

The worn-out urban texture and its internal elements arise due to the old age or the lack of a development program and technical supervision over the formation of that texture. Their urban regeneration in various social, economic, physical, environmental, etc. dimensions to improve the quality of life in this context with a future studies approach requires sustainable and desirable development in various existential dimensions. The purpose of this research is the impact of urban regeneration on worn-out textures with a future studies approach. The type of applied research and its investigation method is exploratory. Micmac and Scenario Wizard software programs were exerted to analyze the research results. In this research, key factors were determined by using Micmac software, and then several uncertainties were considered for each. Then, the essential scenarios of urban regeneration in worn-out textures were developed using Scenario Wizard software. The results show that the variables of preserving the physical identity and promoting and developing the productivity of urban lands have the most significant impact on worn-out textures. Examining the variables based on Micmac software's output indicates the instability of these areas. In addition, the filling degree is equal to 96%, showing the high impact of the variables on each other and their dispersion. The regeneration of worn-out textures is in a state of crisis, and the probability of organizing worn-out textures is low from the point of view of urban regeneration, and it requires the serious attention of urban planners and managers.

The aim of the current research was to identify the effective factors in the future state of housing planning in Ahvaz metropolis. The research method was applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature. In this regard, by applying the mutual effects analysis method in Mikmak software, the key factors affecting the housing supply system of Ahvaz City were identified. Finally, the effective factors of the housing supply system in the mentioned city were selected by using the scenario writing method in the software and the scenario wizard was executed. The findings showed that the 7 factors of migration, marginalization, weakening of the value of national currency, low ability to pay loans, increase in land prices, insignificant credit facilities, and lack of an integrated and coordinated management system in the housing sector had the most impacts and key roles in the system. They provided housing in Ahvaz City.

The city is a manifestation of political economy and spatial reflection of the difference in socioeconomic characteristics that is manifested in the physical structure. One of the major challenges of urban management today is the issue of poverty, which is considered to be the greatest human tragedy. A closer look at the urban poverty challenge shows that poverty has a multifaceted nature and structure and therefore requires a proper analysis of the structures. The spatial extent of poverty includes the different forms, titles and causes of its formation in cities. Although areas of poverty have been addressed by local and global communities due to their adverse consequences, despite efforts to improve the quality of housing in areas of poverty, spatial analysis of urban poverty structures in addressing the issues of these areas has been neglected. Ahvaz metropolis is one of the cities that face problematic, worn, inefficient and heterogeneous spaces inside and on the outskirts. In this article, according to the necessity of spatial analysis of urban poverty structures, the target areas are to create an information layer and prepare the ground for the preparation and implementation of poverty alleviation programs and improving the quality of housing in the poverty areas of Ahvaz metropolis. The main question is about the general state of poverty and its structures in the dilapidated and dysfunctional contexts of the Ahvaz metropolis.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of nature it uses descriptive-analytical and survey method. The typology of spatial areas of poverty in the metropolis of Ahvaz and the recognition of worn and dysfunctional tissues through operational translation and application of old and new criteria of worn and dysfunctional tissues, in the form of theoretical foundations led to the development of research rules. A total of 49 urban poverty structures were operationalized in the form of three components: social, economic and physical-environmental. To determine the sample size through Cochran's formula and Morgan table, 457 researcher-made questionnaires were considered. The sample size in each neighborhood was determined by the method of optimal allocation and the questionnaires were distributed in a systematic random method in 11 identified poverty zones of the target, for field perception of the general poverty situation among the heads of living households. The collected data after integration in each neighborhood were spatially analyzed in SPSS software by comparing the final results of Z-Score and SAR techniques for poverty zones. The zoning map of worn and inefficient tissues of Ahvaz metropolis and the bar chart of worn and inefficient tissues were drawn by ArcGIS10.8 and Excel software, respectively.

Results show Identify area of poverty and spatial analysis of its urban poverty structures is effective at all scales and fields for planning and empowering the inhabitants of weak areas and preventing the consequences of poverty. 42 neighborhoods with inefficient texture in Ahvaz metropolitan were identified and classified as urban poverty domains in 5 deferment types. Finally, the fifth species of urban spatial poverty domains (urban worn-out and inefficient texture) including 11 neighborhoods between them were recognized as target areas. Public indicators of poverty or urban poverty structures in the form of three social, economic, physical- environmental factors through 457 in target areas show that Amere is in first place and Sekhereyeh, Koye Alavi and Hasir Abad jointly are in second place. Eain2, Aliabad, Sayahi, Malasheyeeh, Manba Abb, Koye Karoon and Koye Allesafi are in third to ninth place of final ranking of public situation of poverty based on spatial analysis of urban poverty structures. It seems that the issue of urban poverty areas of Ahvaz Metropolitan is a function of the growth trend of poverty in the whole country. Unemployment difficulties, limited use of Production  capacities, weak economic bases and lack of deserving optimal allocation of resources, facilities and services in the city, has led to inconsistency of space in the neighborhoods of Ahvaz and the appearance of poverty zones.

In this article, since the geography perspective is the basis for social, economic, physical, environmental and so on development, and the complexity of issues of poverty zones, avoids from prescribing radical strategies and we believe the solution is appropriate measures for doing sustainable regeneration communities and each kind of poverty reduction programs and reform its poverty structures. Urban managers and Planners should refer to the approach of sustainable regeneration of neighborhoods with community-oriented, holistic, comprehensive, strategic and integrated features. As the largest surgery in worn-out and inefficient textures which causes injection and   circulates of huge capitals and investment in the neighborhood and raise and improves the quality of life in them. At present, no complete action has been taken to regeneration in Ahvaz. Major Measures done including: Preparation comparative scheme, for Manba Abb and Koyekaron neighborhoods, which includes the construction of a retaining wall and solving some legal problems related to land ownership, to facilitate, the use of bank credit, securing, setting up facilitation offices, and defining the space, commercial and green, as well as forecasts for the relocation and resettlement of 811 households are resided in danger zones. To reduce urban poverty,  we first need accurate knowledge, accurate measurement, documentary and realistic analysis. Such cognition requires the definition, invention, and application of appropriate indicators, indicators, and methods that are consistent with the existing realities of urban development. The application of these indicators should be done with the aim of promoting economic, social, physical-environmental and improving living conditions and individual and public security and help increase the authority and ability of citizens to achieve real development. "The priority of intervention and reconstruction in dilapidated and inefficient neighborhoods of Ahvaz metropolis is also with the neighborhoods that have the lowest ranks and have the worst general poverty situation in terms of study indicators."

Several challenges to urban management have made it necessary to make the preparation for possible events an undeniable necessity; among other things, the development challenges of the Ahvaz city due to oil extraction, microstates and the lack of a planning approach based on predicting future challenges are tall It has been. This research is aimed at identifying key factors of urban development management in Ahvaz city. Therefore, this research in terms of purpose is a type of applied research that is based on a futuristic approach. The statistical population of this research is 46 academic staff familiar with Ahvaz urban issues. With the participation of experts, 33 variables were identified. Based on the results, the propellant of oil and gas with the effect of 74, the economics of knowledgeable actors 64, the political participation of citizens with a 73 effect and elite axis with the effect of 64 is of great importance in the development of Ahvaz. In addition, from the total number of influencers influencing Ahwaz urban development, 13 proponents were selected as the key driver of the development of Ahwaz city. The most important of these were entrepreneurship and innovation, development of civil institutions, regional equilibrium policies, development based on Public transportation, efficient urban management, sustainable incomes and the provision of electronic city infrastructure.. The placement of factors on the matrix screen showed that the Ahvaz urban development system is a system of instability, which is mainly due to the inefficiency of urban management methods and indicates the vulnerability of Ahvaz city development. Finally, with regard to the findings, key suggestions have been made towards the use of an elitist approach and citizen-centered management.

In the religion of Islam; The city, man, and Islamic rules come together, and it is here that the Qur'an states what is necessary for human collective lifeThis research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose, and its data and information have been obtained using the library method and in-depth interviews. The method used in this research is "grounded theory" or "grounded theory". The statistical population of this study, according to its subject area, includes 18 knowledgeable and specialized people in the field of geography and urban planning, sociology and urban planning, who have been selected by purposive sampling. The interview with the target population continued until saturation was reached. In the present study, by studying the theoretical foundations and research background, five components of environmental, physical, socio-cultural, economic for the Islamic city were determined. Categories and indicators affecting the sustainability of future cities and Islamic symbols from the perspective of experts are: In social indicators (sense of identity, security, and the principle of justice, etc.), in economic components (self-reliant neighborhoods, adequate and quiet housing, as well as citizens' financial ability, etc.), in physical dimensions (combined and pedestrian-oriented uses) And the important and key components in the sustainability of Islamic cities from the perspective of environment (coexistence with nature and adaptation to climate), have been extracted from the perspective of respondents. Based on this, it can be said that the existence of clear and clear perspectives based on principles and values, institutional capacity building, level of authority and decision-making, rules and regulations, institutional integrity and policy integration There are factors that can influence the culture-building principles and values of Iranian-Islamic urban planning.

The increase in population and more concentration of diverse economic capital in coastal cities have caused these cities to be widely affected by various natural and unnatural hazards and their ecosystems have a vague future. On the other hand, resilience in various dimensions is known as the dominant discourse of scientific circles to deal with the present and future threats of human societies such as cities. Accordingly, this study has been conducted with the aim of improving environmental resilience in coastal cities with a futuristic approach and determining optimal scenarios in a descriptive-analytical method. In this study, in order to determine the key factors affecting environmental resilience and use data analysis, Mic Mac software was used, and to extract and present the optimal scenario, the wizard scenario software was used based on the opinion of experts and urban managers and also coastal environmental activists in NGOs. According to the results, the most influential factors on the environmental resilience of coastal cities are the "reduction of development based on environmental polluting industries" and the "protection of biodiversity in these areas". Also, among the extracted 160 scenarios, Scenario No. 2 was recognized as the optimal scenario with the desirability of all situations related to the driving factors in it, and finally, in order to achieve the research objectives, the necessary suggestions were presented based on this scenario.Also, among the extracted 160 scenarios, Scenario No. 2 was recognized as the optimal scenario with the desirability of all situations related to the driving factors in it, and finally, in order to achieve the research objectives, the necessary suggestions were presented based on this scenario.

From the perspective of cultural geography, Iranian cities with the benefit of worldview and Iranian Islamic culture have the necessary talent to achieve urban creativity. If the conditions are right, Iranian cities will be able to take effective steps to achieve a creative Iranian-Islamic city in competition with other cities in the world. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the level of urban creativity based on the Iranian-Islamic components in the city of Dezful. It was applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical-comparative in terms of method and nature. The data collection method was the library (statistics and upstream documents) and survey (questionnaire), which were analyzed using the Mabak technique. The results showed that districts 1 and 2, with 0.323 and 0.030, respectively, have the highest rate of urban creativity, i.e., the conditions for the development of urban creativity and also the adoption of creative city conditions based on Iranian-Islamic components, and district 3. with 0/239 was in a deprived situation, i.e., the need to reform and improve the planning methods of the creative city based on Iranian-Islamic principles. Extended Abstract Introduction The Islamic Iranian city needs creative organizations, creative political culture, creative leadership, multi-level and public participation, and active social participation to promote creativity and benefit from the advantages of the creative city. In Iranian-Islamic culture, the city is a comprehensive concept. It consists of various cultural, social, economic, historical, and natural dimensions that result from the interaction among these factors and the set of their effects and outcomes, shaping its structure. The city of Dezful, as one of Iran's original and historic cities, has a unique identity. The most important factors shaping the city's identity are the Dez River, historic bridges, historic mosques, religious monuments, handicrafts, and Islamic features. Also, in Islamic cities, the emphasis on urban creativity and Iranian-Islamic components and characteristics is one of the most important goals of optimal and sustainable urban development.MethodologyIt was applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical-comparative in terms of method and nature. The data collection method was the library (statistics and upstream documents) and survey (questionnaire), which were analyzed using the Mabak technique. After studying the theoretical foundations and background of research related to the evaluation of urban creativity, the components were extracted in the form of dimensions of urban creativity with an emphasis on the Iranian-Islamic basis. Accordingly, the proposed criteria have been evaluated by local elites. Due to the uncertainty of the number of experts in the field under study, a purposeful sampling and questionnaire survey was performed among 35 people. Then, the collected data were evaluated using SPSS software. The Cronbach's alpha test was used to measure the reliability of the research instrument (α=0.847). Also, the face and content validity tests were used to test the validity. The status of urban creativity was assessed based on the Iranian-Islamic components of the regions, using a t-test. In the second stage, the data was entered into the Excel environment. The urban areas were measured and ranked in terms of urban creativity using the Mabak technique and its process.Results and discussionUsing the MABAC technique, the distance matrix of the urban creativity index has been calculated based on Iranian-Islamic components in urban areas of Dezful. Distance analysis of options has shown that in terms of the creative class, region 2 (0.078) had the highest enjoyment in urban creativity, and region 3 (-0.042) had the least enjoyment in urban creativity. Regarding cultural and religious creativity, region 2 (0.105) had the most, and region 3 (-0.125) had the least urban creativity. Regarding historical creativity, region 2 (0.098) had the most, and region 1 (-0.082) had the least amount of urban creativity based on Iranian-Islamic components. Regarding ecological creativity, region 2 had the most with (0.042), and region 1 had the least with (-0.038) in urban creativity. Regarding economic creativity, region 3 has the highest, and region 2 (-0.041) had the lowest level of urban creativity. Regarding social creativity, region 2 has the highest, and region 1 has the lowest value in urban creativity. Regarding design and architecture creativity, region 2 has the highest urban creativity, and region 3 has the lowest urban creativity based on Iranian-Islamic components. And finally, about the distributing communication creativity in urban areas of Dezful; region 3 with 0.050 in the best and most enjoyable state and region 2 in the worst urban creativity is based on Iranian-Islamic components.ConclusionFinally, according to the results and based on the combination of indicators, it can be said that regions 2 and 1 have the highest amount of urban creativity based on the Iranian-Islamic components, respectively. Region 3, with a value of -0.239, is deprived of urban creativity indicators and distribution conditions based on Iranian-Islamic components. Therefore, it can be said that comparative analysis and indicators of urban creativity indicators in the urban areas of Dezful are distributed unbalanced, and it is necessary to adopt operational and managerial solutions in each of the key indicators to prevent polarization of facilities. Facilities and services in urban areas should also be prohibited in terms of urban creativity based on Iranian-Islamic components.FundingThere is no funding support.Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the workConflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest.Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.

Rising temperatures in cities are one of the effects of direct human intervention. The thermal island of the city is due to the characteristics of urban planning, air pollution, human heat, and the existence of impermeable surfaces in the city. In the meantime, recognizing the effects of heat islands on the psyche of people is very important. The purpose of this study is to study and identify the heat islands of Ahvaz according to the pattern of air pollution.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology based on spatial studies approach and analysis of satellite images. To identify and analyze the heat islands of Ahvaz, satellite images were used during 5 periods from 2001 to 2017 and processed using software (ENVI). Also, data related to the air pollution index (AQI) in the city of Ahvaz was used in a period of 7 years from 2010 to 2017. In order to identify the areas with the most pollution, the network analysis process (Network Analyst) has been used in the ArcGIS environment.

The results of this study show that southwest of Ahvaz Due to the multiplicity of polluting centers such as oil and gas refining centers and industrial towns, the pollution center of this city is considered. The results of the questionnaire analysis also show that the Heat tolerance threshold in the city of Ahvaz in the first place reduces the increase in stress and daily pressure in people and then reduces happiness and freedom and reduces the feeling of life satisfaction will follow.

Disasters in recent years have shown that communities and individuals have become increasingly vulnerable and risks have increased. However, risk reduction and vulnerability are often overlooked until after the disaster. The occurrence of a possible earthquake is predicted and examined in line with the main purpose of this study.

This research is applied in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation method.Theoretical data of the research were collected by library method and after extracting the indicators, spatial analysis of each index was obtained using FAlM model and GIS and Geoda software analysis.

Analyzes show that 35 deaths, 2,638 hospitalizations, 4,509 outpatients and 39,580 were healthy in the Style destruction scenario. In the average destruction scenario, 970 people died, 4509 were hospitalized, 7314 were hospitalized and 33969 were healthy. In the severe destruction scenario, 6079 people died, 7950 people were hospitalized, 10755 people were hospitalized and 21978 people were healthy. In the very serious destruction scenario, 7482 people died, 10288 people were hospitalized, 13093 people were hospitalized and 15899 people were healthy. Also in the scenario of complete destruction of 19172 deaths, 7482 hospitalizations, 9820 outpatients and 10288 healthy people.

In this research, we came to the conclusion that it is possible to calculate the degree of vulnerability to earthquakes using research indicators and to take control measures to reduce the effects of earthquakes based on prioritizing crisis management. Although in the event of an earthquake the central part of Kianpars neighborhood is more vulnerable, but in general it can be concluded that the use of the combined model FAlM in addition to assessing physical vulnerability in different parts of an area, can provide useful information about the situation during, before And after the occurrence of a crisis for the pathology of environmental rescue.

The Slow City Movement is an approach designed to create a better environment and social life. Revitalizing local identity, paying attention to food, paying attention to environmental issues, and introducing and marketing tourism destinations are among the most prominent features of slow cities. Slow tourism has also evolved following the revival of the natural environment, consumption of local products, and attention to the past’s culture and cultural and historical monuments. So, the slow city’s approach and slow tourism are intertwined. This study aimed to analyze the Status of Indicators of the slow city in Yasuj for the Formation of Slow Tourism. The present study is theoretical-applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology and has used two methods library and field data collection. Six indices and 35 variables were extracted as operationalization. Next, based on the extracted indices, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to experts and urban managers whose statistical population was estimated to be 45. Data have been analyzed using by DEMATEL technique, mean, and t-test using the SPSS software.The results of the DEMATEL technique showed that the Index of awareness and information, support of domestic products, hospitality, and urban quality have the most impact and effectiveness on the slow city and slow tourism; And the index of awareness and information, support of domestic products, and hospitality showed the most relations with other indicators. The indicators of hospitality and awareness and information are causal, and other indicators are considered effective. The measure of the status of slow cities in Yasuj showing by t-test. The T-test results showed that urban quality, domestic product support, urban management, urban environmental protection, hospitality, and awareness and information were placed the first to sixth, respectively. In general, it can be said that due to the importance of indices by the DEMATEL method and the results of these indices in Yasuj, only the status of information and awareness index is not appropriate, and to achieve a slow city movement, this index needs special attention.

Clearly it is clear that rapid urbanization in Iran, in turn, hope for a better future for millions of people in urban areas in terms of economic and social situation has turned into a nightmare. Accelerated destruction of the environment, insecurity and poverty, scarcity and lack of services and amenities, air pollution in cities, the growth of the informal economy in cities such problems is that with the expansion of cities or will be facing rapid urbanization.This study with analytical descriptive way tries With scientific and reasoning insight to consider the repercussions of unbalanced urbanization in urban areas of Iran and effects of the process geographical and spatial dimension and finally the impact of these trends in Iran's urban network.The results of the study of the unbalanced urbanization indicate that if you continue to see this trend in urbanization of unstable social and economic development Including increased income inequality, a coalition of resources, environmental degradation, damage to natural and cultural heritage of Iran. To solve these problems, the government should pursue economic strategy to balance urban and rural development as well as sustainable economic and social development.

Employment and unemployment are among the most important issues that must be considered to create a prosperous society because the first condition for the growth and development of any society is job creation, so it is of great importance in macro-planning. The debate over employment and its complexities in today's fast-paced world has attracted the attention of many policymakers, government officials, and experts. In many cases, however, the issue of employment is ignored in urban development strategies. This is partly due to the intangibility of the informal urban economy, which includes the bulk of employment in developing countries. Today, the role of employment in the dynamics of urban life is not hidden from anyone. Unemployment and its problems have formed one of the most complex issues of the day in urban planning, and this problem, in addition to economic consequences, has negative social, cultural, environmental, and security consequences that affect all aspects of urban planning. Therefore, it can be said that many problems of urban communities are rooted in the pathology structure of their employment. Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad provinces have high economic potentials, and if we pay attention to these potentials, the problem of youth unemployment in this region will be easily solved. According to the latest statistics, the unemployment rate in Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad is very high, so the high unemployment rate in Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad Province, while this province has rich oil and gas resources. ​However, according to the official statistics, this province is in the third place in terms of employment ratio after Sistan and Baluchestan and Qom provinces in terms of the lowest employment, which if the investment in different economic sectors is considered, this province may It can be considered as one of the active provinces in the employment sector. On the other hand, many differences are due to the imbalance of economic facilities and economic and cultural conditions that lead to migration, spatial inequalities of capital and welfare, educational and health facilities, which has increased the development gap between regions. Therefore, the research problem arises from the fact that it seems that the distribution of job opportunities in different regions of Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad provinces does not follow a favorable pattern, and this has affected the spatial balance in this area

According to the studied components and the nature of the subject, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology and is quantitative research. In this research, the data of the statistical yearbook of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 1396 have been used and 3 economic indicators (agriculture/fisheries, industry/mining, services) have been used. The most important urban employment indicators have been determined and then based on the indicators, the situation of 8 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in terms of employment indicators has been evaluated using the MOORA method and using the CRITIC model. The indicators are prioritized. Also, to determine the development levels of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, the Morris model has been used. The province is ranked in terms of urban employment based on the level of development.

In this research, an attempt was made to rank and determine the level of development of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad cities by using a set of urban employment indicators. The number of indicators is a subset of three economic sectors (agriculture, industry, services), which have been ranked and analyzed using the MOORA multi-criteria decision-making technique. First, the most important employment indicators were determined. Then, the situation of the 8 cities of Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad provinces in terms of employment indicators has been evaluated using entropy methods and Mora decision making. The results showed that Boyer-Ahmad city has a more favorable situation than other cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in three sectors of the economy (agriculture, industry, services). The results of the Moora technique showed that there is a big difference between the cities of the province in terms of employment indicators. Boyer-Ahmad city is in the first rank compared to other cities of the province and has the highest rank in all employment indicators, followed by Kohgiluyeh and Gachsaran cities. The third rank in relation to employment and unemployment belongs to a number of cities in the province such as Dena, Bahmaei, Choram, Basht, and Lendeh. The mentioned cities do not have suitable conditions in terms of employment. According to the results, it can be acknowledged that there are regional and spatial imbalances in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. Then, the research indicators were prioritized using the CRITIC method and the results showed that the agricultural index was in the first place in the effectiveness of employment indicators. Then, the level of development of Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad provinces was divided into four levels in terms of employment indicators using the Morris coefficient. The results showed that out of 8 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, Boyer-Ahmad city in (three sectors of agriculture, industry, services) has a more favorable situation than other cities in the province and is at a desirable level. Kohgiluyeh city is located on the second level. Two cities (Gachsaran and Dena) are in the middle level and 4 cities (Bahmaei, Charam, Basht, Lande) are deprived in terms of employment index in three sectors: agriculture, industry and services.

The results showed that there is a difference between the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in terms of employment status. The level of employment in Boyer-Ahmad city, which is also the political center of the province, is more favorable than in other cities in the province.

Tourism is one of the most important activities of contemporary human beings, which along with making dramatic changes in the image of the earth, changes the political, economic and cultural conditions of human life. Today, tourism industry is one of the most important sources of production, income, employment and infrastructure to achieve sustainable development and has been accepted as one of the economic factors of countries by economic planners. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the tourism potentials of Borazjan. The target community includes experts, tourism experts, tourists and passersby who have visited the understudy area. To analyze the data, single-sample T-tests, Friedman and Kai Square were used through the SPSS software. The results showed that in most of the tourism capacities of Borazjan the amount of calculation is too much for the base and more importantly, in most capacities, this difference is statistically significant and the status of items related to tourist attractions is significant; to put it more precisely, Borazjan has high tourism potential in Bushehr province in terms of its natural, religious, and historical conditions with averages of 17.22, 15.17, and 9.56 respectively.

Landslide is always a serious threat to human settlements. In the Face of such accidents, little can be done at the moment of occurrence. Before that, its effects can be foiled with planning and for reduction of possible casualties and damages. The aim of the present study is to take a systematic look at natural hazards, including Landslide in order to draw up a scientific and accurate plan outlining for preparation and planning based on the use of spatial information systems and multi-criteria decision-making models in line with the zoning risk landslides and determining the direction of residential development is predictable. The present study extracted 15 effective criteria in landslide risk. Then using of the results of the evaluation of two models of (DEMATEL, FUZZY hierarchical analysis process) showed that the DEMATEL model is in accordance with the principles and laws of mathematical and has more certainty. While the process of FUZZY hierarchical analysis was only consistent with the knowledge and expertise rating. In the risk zone whit the DEMATEL model low risk, zones %37/1 (190/39 km2) it has the largest area of 513/12 square kilometers, have most area of surface. Also, high risk zone with %2/32 (11/89 km2), high and medium risk zones each with %34/33(176/13 km2) and low risk by 134/71(%26/25 km2) were next in the ranking. Zoning and risk with FUZZY hierarchical analysis, risk zone of very small allotment, %36/53(187/43 km2) and low risk zone of %17/73(90/96 km2) and medium risk zone %17/79(91/27 km2), and high risk zone of %16/84(86/41 km2), as well as very high risk zone%11/2(57/6 km2) were ranked.

In crime prevention management, futurology is one of the most important and effective principles in predicting and preparing for crime. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the quantification of the occurrence of assault and battery crimes with a mixed approach of scenario writing and futurology using GIS in the city of Ahvaz.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and in terms of methodology, it is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The information needed to do this has been collected in the form of a library and by referring to organizations. One of the most accurate ways to identify future events is to write a scenario.  

In this study, using some effective drivers in the field of urban assault and battery crimes (pattern of distribution of crimes, population growth and population density, average literacy level of criminals) based on the methods of GIS, Delphi and panel of experts extracted and then it was analyzed. Three possible scenarios were drawn for the city of Ahvaz, which are: increase in assault and battery crimes, decrease in assault and battery crimes and stability of assault and battery crimes.

The final result showed that according to the current situation of the studied variables and the outlined landscape, the most probable scenario of urban assault and battery crimes is related to the increase of the mentioned crimes in the city, which necessitates foresight, crime prevention and finally strategic planning for correct management and rate control reveals crimes numerically in the coming years.

Cities are characterized by their dynamic interaction between social, economic, and biophysicalforces. They are increasingly subject to global influence, so the growth of economic, cultural,and political trends on a global scale is a prerequisite for understanding urban changesaround the world. This paper attempts to provide a conceptual framework to explore thepower relations in the formation of global construction as a discourse without losing insightinto this analysis. This exploration is based on the qualitative changes in various social processesand global scale interactions. This descriptive-analytical study attempts to study thereflections of the economic globalization in shaping the social ecology of Iran’s urban areasand its impacts on geographical and spatial dimensions using a scientific and discursive approach.Considering the situation of Iranian cities and their main reasons for globalization, thisstudy argues that we will witness fundamental changes in the dimensions of social ecology,including demographic, cultural, environmental, and technological aspects in the process ofglobalization.