فهرست مطالب مصطفی حسینی گلکار

Currently, in the field of medical sciences, research evaluation places greater emphasis on assessing social impact. To achieve this goal, the present research aims to identify the components of the social impact model for medical research application. The current research conducted a systematic review and analysis of previous studies. The research examined 8 Persian sources and 29 English sources related to the social impact of medical research application. This analysis was carried out using a meta-synthesis approach. The research time frame spans from 1990 to June 2022 for English and Persian sources up to the time of conducting the research. From the available sources, 37 were selected and analyzed. The Cohen's Kappa expert agreement coefficient was used to validate the results. Based on these findings, the researcher proceeded to present a conceptual framework that includes key concepts and categories from each of the reviewed sources. As a result of the analysis of the conducted studies, 147 codes were identified across 24 concepts, 12 categories, and 6 themes. These themes encompass various aspects of knowledge, including knowledge governance, knowledge production and exchange, knowledge dissemination and transfer, knowledge mobilization, popularization of knowledge, and knowledge utilization. The conceptual model of the social impact of medical research application aims to reveal the processes of knowledge governance and knowledge production and exchange. It begins with the interactive model, emphasizing relational capital and fostering closer collaboration between researchers and policy makers. This collaborative approach extends to industry and government investment in research. The overall goal is to strengthen research systems, ensuring they meet society’s needs by facilitating knowledge transfer and mobilization. Two key strategies are employed: the structure of formal and informal exchange networks, and the utilization of intermediaries.

Strengthening the functions of health research and taking a systematic approach to the development of science and technology are essential for overcoming current challenges in health sector. Therefore, the functional pathology of current research plays a crucial role in highlighting the gap between what is and what should be, thereby illuminating the path of scientific development in health sector with a focus on current challenges.

In this study, interviews with experts, review of documents and conducting an expert panel were used. The method of data analysis is qualitative analysis with a framework analysis approach. A total of 32 experts were selected from heads of research centers, experts of the national innovation system, science and technology policy, health policy, graduate students and faculty members, senior researchers, NGOs and international experts. A review of relevant national and international documents has been done to strengthen and analyze the findings. The content analysis of the findings of two phases was carried out with a framework analysis approach and was presented in an expert panel consisting of representatives of the interviewees. The results of the panel were analyzed and to draw the future triangle consisting of the weight of the past, the push of the present and the pull of the future.

The findings of the study have been analyzed in the framework of the future triangle, including the weight of the history, the push of the present, and the pull of the future. The weight of the history and the push of the present were identified and analyzed in the form of past and present challenges of the health research system in seven main functions. Including stewardship and leadership, coordination of research and policymaking, translation of policies and upstream documents at the operational level of research, resource management, performance evaluation and monitoring, human resource empowerment, and evidence-informed policymaking. The pull of future includes the need to draw a coherent national macro image with a forward-looking, participatory and transparent approach, in which attention is paid to the management of conflict of interests, coherence in resource management and strengthening of intersectoral collaborations.

The main solutions to address the current challenges in the country's health research system include agreement on concepts, a unified vision and stable procedures, strengthening the relationship between different levels of management (inter-ministerial, ministerial, and university), enhancing education and research at the level of medical ministry and universities, establishing appropriate structures for knowledge translation, strengthening national funds supporting the research, reforming the evaluation system, and undertaking a fundamental review of human resource empowerment model.

The COVID-19 epidemic and its subsequent effects have become a significant global challenge. In addition to being affected by this crisis, Iran is also facing many other problems, including sanctions and economic problems. So, there is a concern that it will suffer more severe consequences.

Scenario planning is one of the ways to recognize future changes and environmental uncertainties. This study used the so-called global business network (GBN) method, also known as the scenario matrix method. This method is based on two key uncertainties and six steps have been taken to examine variables related to health and socio-economic factors and use the opinions of relevant experts.

To be expected, Iran's health system will be able to manage the epidemic in the face of various conditions with severity and weakness, and only in the pessimistic scenario or in Worst-case scenario with the default assumption of the continuation of sanctions and the spread of the epidemic. It leads to global restrictions, loss of foreign exchange reserves, loss of performance or collapse of the health system, increasing the number of deaths and diminishing the quality of life.

Regarding the COVID-19 epidemic and the existing background factors, scenarios of Iran’s health and economic conditions were narrated. Given the ability of the scenarios to understand the complexity and help in decision-making, it is considered a useful tool for policy makers to have a broader, comprehensive and reasonable look to achieve a correct consensus. This situation leads to the preservation and continuation of society health and conventional economic decisions.

A scenario is a method that is considered the ideal output of the futures studies i.e. it unifies the different methods used in the process of futures study methodologically. The purpose of the present research is to compare two great futures studies scenario schools that are La Prospective (French school) and Shell (English school) and we are going to better understand the features which are the pillars, basics and assumptions, methodology and scenario’s achievements, similarities and differences. The method used for this research has been a comparative study based on a historical, discourse and framework analysis according to the available library sources (written and online materials). This study has been performed at the level of terminology, epistemology, methodology, etc. and resulted in extracting the macro model of scenario schools.

The method of "thematic research" in the Quran is a new approach for thinking into the Quran which has been established by Dr. Lesani Fesharaki, and has developed in the last three decades. Despite widespread welcome on the part of students and researches in the area of comparative and interdisciplinary studies, the said approach faces numerous methodological, viewpoint and forward-looking challenges. This approach is not that systemic in the line of deepening thinking into the Quran; also, on the one hand, there are numerous drawbacks- this approach is overly focused on free association and requires to be developed in order to present in form of Quranic studies, and on the other hand, it better helps young researchers to use this method in as long as it seems the application of this approach leads to Islamic Protestantism. The current paper, after analyzing and raising the advantages and disadvantage of "thematic research in the Quran, addresses its possible position in methodology and offers recommendations for its improvement. In the end, it is concluded that in relation to the predominant process of Shiite interpretation, "thematic research method" should be regarded as a heterodox process.

Excommunicating flows in Social & Religions cycles have emerged over the world. They have made a lot of injuries. Extremist interpretations of religion are the common essence of them. Although it seems many power structures, exploiting the existence of such flows, are required to achieve their political and economic purposes. In other way the real scholars of religion & society have always observing and monitoring the activities of excommunication while with Forecasting their thoughts and behavior combating with them. Of course this requires a thorough analysis of religious, social, political, economic, cultural, and so on. Only the models were effective that are provided with sufficient integrity. The first step to achieving this target is to see the topic from different perspectives and consider different solutions.
This paper is an attempt to see the problem in light of Futures Studies knowledge and research. Futures Studies are Independent scientific studies for social action design. This knowledge as an Applied knowledge along with other sciences can be a powerful tool for analyzing and providing solutions for the humanities and social issues. Scenario is the most common method in Futures Studies. Scenarios with describing the uncertainty facing decision makers and mapping the space of alternative probability offer solutions for excommunication contrast. The most important point is that the Scenarios have logical relations among its components and offering Big-Picture therefore they have great persuasive power to create unity among Islamic sects and scholars to act against the flow of excommunication. The main uncertainties are the unity of the Islamic sects and media posturing. These two elements, with independence assumption, are drawn four scenarios and various modes of the Islamic world dealing with excommunication will be determined through these.

With the emergence of network society and increasing the physical and virtual social networks, power relations in society have changed dramatically. As Manuel Castells (2009) said in 'Communication Power', through new forms of power such as 'Networking Power', 'Network Power', 'Networked Power' and 'Network-Making Power', the old balance of power has been changed, and citizens acquire more power and more serious role in social and political processes. Under the new conditions, virtual social networks are one of the most important channels for citizen, and elections are one of the major fields for appearance of new forms of power. This situation is a good opportunity for the ‘futures studies’, scanning and monitoring of elections. In ‘futures studies’ projects, scanning and monitoring (‘Dideh-baani’ in Persian), is a necessary step. Scanning and monitoring the possible events reduce our vulnerability and surprise. Election in Iran has always been one of the most important areas of uncertainty. Each previous Iran election has been accompanied with a wildcard. Scanning and monitoring the current environment, strengthens the hypothesis that virtual space and social networks are wildcards of Iran next election.

(What) can we learn from Art? The relation between art and epistemology has been a matter of so much controversy. In this article we give some historical background on the debate and flesh out some of the important issues surrounding the question “(What) can we learn from Art?” A central question in Epistemology is: “what must be added to true beliefs to convert them into knowledge?”, If we accept it, then what is the central question of Art’s epistemology? Suggestion of this article is Art’s awareness.

The theory of analogy, the greatest defender of which is said to be Thomas Aquinas, has a noteworthy background in the history of philosophy, particularly in the Middle Ages. A. J. Ashworth is one of the most prominent contemporary commentators of this field. In the present research, based on his interpretations, the writer has dealt with the main topics of this theory which have often remained unnoticed in most theological-philosophical works on analogy.He finally concludes that the history of this theory goes back to a time long before Thomas Aquinas, and most of its interpretations are unclear and in conformity with Thomas’ main outlook. Accordingly, it is necessary to review the common interpretations of the theory of analogy.

There is no agreement about Pascal’s purpose of suggesting his “Wager.” Is Pascal after presenting a logical reason or merely invites others to his spiritual intimacy? Is his addressee Atheist or his purpse is strengthening Christian faith? What are the origins of “Pascal’s Wager”? In this paper, we try to describe Pascal’s sayings about his wager as far as possible and then, explecate contradictory interpretations about the wager through clarifying the above questions. Firstly, the Religious views about rationality are presented. Then, the historical roots, presumptions and premises of the wager are considered and analyses. After that, the main conflicting conceptions of rationality are recognized by means of considering the most important criticisms and interpretations of Pascal’s wager. Finally, we conclude that many objections to the wager have been raised from detaching its presumptions and premises from its conclusion.