معصومه رضایی

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common and heterogeneous endocrinopathy that affects 5-18% of women. Emerging data suggest that hormonal changes associated with PCOS also affect bone metabolism. This study was conducted to determine bone density in women with PCOS referred to the Besat educational-therapeutic center in Sanandaj, Iran.

A case-control study was conducted between February 2022 and May 2022, in which 90 women were observed in two groups: a control group and a group diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. The study measured bone density (BMD) of the right lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4), femur neck area, and entire femur using double X-ray absorption.

According to our study's results, the group suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome showed higher levels of TSH, estradiol, parathyroid hormone, glucose, calcium, and phosphorus than the control group. The level of FSH hormone in the PCOS group was lower than the control group. However, we found no significant difference in bone density between the two groups regarding the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur.

Although the levels of FSH, parathyroid hormone, glucose, calcium, and phosphorus were higher in the control group than in the PCOS group, the bone density of the lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and total femur was not significant between the two groups.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between family psychological boundaries, competitive anxiety and parents' self-regulation with sports self-efficacy in individual sports athletes. The current research is correlational and the statistical population was made up of all individual sports athletes of Tehran in the winter of 2024. 169 people were selected as a statistical sample using the available sampling method, and this sample number was estimated based on Morgan's table. The research tools were: Family Psychological Boundaries Questionnaire (1400), State-Competitive Anxiety Questionnaire (CSAI-2) and Cognitive Self-Regulation Scale of Emotion by Garnevsky and Kraij (2006) and Sports Self-Efficacy Questionnaire by Kerl et al. (2007). The statistical methods used for data analysis included multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that sports self-efficacy can be predicted by predictor variables including family psychological boundaries, competitive anxiety and parental self-regulation in individual sports athletes, and the predictor variables together accounted for 33.4% of the variance of sports self-efficacy in the athletes have explained. The results showed that the psychological boundaries of the family and positive self-regulation strategies can predict sports self-efficacy and have predicted sports self-efficacy in individual sports athletes with a coefficient of 0.34 and 0.29, respectively. . In addition, competitive anxiety and negative self-regulation strategies have negatively predicted sports self-efficacy in athletes with beta coefficients of -0.14 and -0.20, respectively.

The growth and health of lambs from birth to weaning are influenced by yield and quality of the ewe's colostrum. Colostrum contains essential proteins, fats, hormones, vitamins, and antibodies that facilitate immunity, growth, and development. Therefore, to improve colostrum, it is necessary to use a quality diet. That colostrum is of high quality to ensure the best start to life for offspring. Consumption of high-quality colostrum improves neonatal survival and increases the reproductive potential and future productivity in sheep. Some plant essential oils have been used to improve ewes health and their productivity. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil on feed, intake, the quality of colostrum, milk yield, and milk composition, and growth of suckling lambs.

Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil was prepared commercially and added to the ewes' diet in order to influence the Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil during pregnancy and lactation (it lasted for 5 months and the habituation time was 21 days). A herd of 168 ewes (which were in the second and third pregnancy and the average weight of the ewes was 68.84±1.65 kg), all of which were subjected to the estrus synchronization program. Ninety pregnant ewes in the last month of their pregnancy were randomly divided into three groups. The first group did not receive any essential oil, and the second and third groups received a daily dose of 0.8 and 1.6 milliliters of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil, respectively. The Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil was sprayed on the feed of just before each meal. At the time of parturition, 36 single-born female lambs and their dams were randomly assigned to the three experimental groups. Each group was further subdivided into 4 units of three ewes each to determine dry matter intake. All other data such as milk production and composition, colostrum, and lambs growth data were obtained from 12 ewes and their lambs in each treatment.

Both groups treated with Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil had positive effects on increasing dry matter and milk production, but ewes received a daily dose of 1.6 ml of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil had the highest DM intake and milk production (P<0.05). The essential oil had no effect on the birth weight of lambs (P<0.05). Feeding the essential oil had a significant effect on fat, protein, and solid none fat in colostrum and milk. Somatic cells both in colostrum and milk declined as a result of feeding Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil(P<0.05).

The essential oil had a significant and positive effect on the somatic cells of colostrum and milk and caused it to decrease in the treatments containing essential oil. Because of the significant positive effect of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil on milk production, milk and colostrums composition (fat and protein) and the growth rate of suckling lambs, it is concluded that this essential oil could be recommended as a suitable feed additive in the diet of ewes at a dose of 1.6 ml/d.

"Seventh Denkard" or "Zoroashtnameh" is one of the surviving Pahlavi texts that was compiled and rewritten in the third century of Hijri. " Denkard Haftom" is one of the nine volumes of " Denkard " which is called "Encyclopedia of Mazdai Religion". " Denkard Haftom" The main theme of Zoroastrian history is religion and life. For this reason, this book is a suitable source for examining Zoroastrian's life from the point of view of mythological criticism. In this research, Zoroaster's life is analyzed based on the characteristics of the "heroic archetype" expressed by Jung, Gurin and Rank. This has been done with qualitative method and library study with descriptive analytical research. We should not forget the fact that not all the characteristics that Jung, Gurin and Rank have proposed for the heroic archetype can be found in all myths. In this research, we have achieved a significant number of features. The results of the survey showed that the prophet Zoroaster can be proposed as heroic archetype

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is related to woman's age, the number of antral follicles, and the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques. The present study was performed with aim to evaluate the relationship between anti-mullerian hormone levels and ovarian response and pregnancy outcomes in infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and IUI.

This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was performed on 186 infertile women undergoing ART referred to Besat Hospital Infertility Center, Sanandaj, Iran during 2016-2020. Demographic information, FSH level, AMH level, number of gonadotropin injections, number of antral follicles and number of fetuses were evaluated and recorded in the questionnaire.. Also, pregnancy outcomes including abortion, fetal death, fetal malformation and birth were determined and recorded in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and chi-square, Fisher exact, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean of anti-mullerian hormone level was 4.0±3.0 (range of 0.1 to 12 ng / ml) and the mean of FSH level was 6.1±2.5 (range of 0.6 to 12.7 IUI / L). There was a significant relationship between anti-mullerian hormone level with the number of ovarian follicles, number of injected HMG, number of eggs retrieved, total number of embryos (P <0.05). There was no significant relationship between anti-mullerian hormone levels with abortion, fetal death, live birth and neonatal malformations (P >0.05).

Determination of AMH levels can help for administration of gonadotropins, prediction of antral follicle numbers, number of eggs retrieved and number of embryos obtained, but Anti-mullerian hormone levels are not associated with pregnancy outcomes.

The effect of feeding essential oil of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum during the suckling period on pre and post-weaning growth performance of Sanjabi male lambs using 30 male lambs from an estrus synchronized flock of ewes was carried out, in the form of a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 10 replications. The lambs were divided into three groups three days after birth. The first group received no essential oil, and the second and the third groups received a daily dose of 0.8 and 1.6 ml until weaning by a drenching syringe, respectively. Lambs were weaned at 100 days of age and were raised for 10 weeks with the other herd lambs until 170 days of age. Feeding the essential oil increased weaning weight and post-weaning daily weight gain. The blood glucose of lambs during the suckling or post-waning period did not change due to feeding the essential oil. Lambs received the essential oil and had lower blood cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, and higher urea and albumin to globulin ratio. Feeding the essential oil reduced blood malondialdehyde levels but increasing the level of the essential oil did not further decrease this metabolite. The results showed that the essential oil as a new feed additive has a good potential to improve the pre and post-weaning performance of lambs when fed during the suckling period. Since, increasing the level of the essential oil resulted in no additional improvement in the performance of lambs therefore, a daily dose of 0.8 ml is recommended.

Chronic anovulation is one of the most common causes of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and there are several treatments for it. The present study was performed aimed to determine the efficacy of the stair-step protocol (SSP) using clomiphene citrate (CC) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and compare it with the traditional regimen.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed on 60 patients with PCOS in Sanandaj Besat Hospital in 2018-2019. Patients were randomly divided into control (traditional) and study (stair-step) groups. In the stair-step group, the patient received 50 mg of CC daily for 5 days from the fifth day of the cycle, and if there was no response, the dose was doubled, and failure to respond led to the use of 150 mg. In the control group, the process of CC administration in each cycle was for 5 days with the prescribed doses. The effect of CC administration was determined by ultrasonography one week after the end of the drug. Finally, the variables of egg size, ovulation interval, pregnancy rate, and CC side effects were compared in the two groups using SPSS software (version 18), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The ovulation period was significantly shorter in the SSP than in the control group (21.40±0.98 vs. 51.86±5.94 days). Ovulation rate (17.72±2.40 vs. 19.03±4.40) and pregnancy rate (0.87±0.12 vs. 0.93±0.10) were not significantly different between the case and control groups. Moreover, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding the side effects of CC and endometrial thickness (p>0.05).

SSP has a very short treatment period with no adverse effects on ovulation and pregnancy. It also has no side effects in patients with PCOS.

The processing of point clouds is one of the growing areas in machine vision. With the advent of inexpensive depth sensors, there has been a great interest in point clouds to detect three-dimensional objects. In general, 3D object recognition methods are alienated into two classes: local and global feature-based methods.  In global feature-based methods, the entire shape of the model is described, while in local methods, the geometric properties of the local area around a point are used to obtain the characteristic of the point. Unlike global methods, local methods do not entail any segmentation and they are more robust to clutter and occlusion. The local feature-based methods extract some geometric features from local surfaces around specific points named keypoints. The geometric features of a keypoint are encoded into a feature descriptor. How to describe the environment around a keypoint is the main challenge of these methods. The commonly used local feature-based methods often are sensitive to noise, varying mesh resolution, and rigid transformation. To overcome such disadvantages, in this paper, a new local feature descriptor based on the Mercator projection is proposed. The Mercator projection is one of the most popular 3D to 2D projections that can preserve true distance, direction, and relative longitude and latitude between any two points in point clouds. To evaluate, the proposed method has been compared with several state-of-the-art descriptor methods. The superiority of this method over other methods is shown by using the criteria of square Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Recall versus 1-Precision Curve (RPC), and registration correction, rotation, and translation errors, and it is proved that this method has good descriptiveness power and it is robust to noise and varying mesh resolution.

In this paper, we propose a new local descriptor to provide robust and precise geometric features. The geometric features are extracted using the Mercator projection of the neighborhood sphere. Our contributions are as follows: (1) The proposed descriptor directly learns from the point clouds (2) using the proposed method, there is only one representation for each point so the problem of multiple representations of a point is addressed. Also, the Mercator projection has many properties that make it appropriate for data representations in a point cloud. (3) It can accurately describe the geometric properties around a point. (3) The Mercator projection is a conformal projection so it preserves true distances, directions, and relative longitudes and latitudes. (4) It keeps small element geometry, which means Mercator projection preserves the shapes of small regions. 

Given a query point p, a sphere of radius r is centered at p for determining the neighbor points. Then Mercator projection is used for mapping the sphere into a plane with considering the Local reference frame (LRF) as previously suggested by Tombaret al. (2010b). The Mercator projection is a cylindrical projection that was proposed by G. Mercator in 1569. In this projection, the surface of a sphere is mapped into a plane. It preserves true distances, directions, and relative longitudes and latitudes. The Mercator projection for each point is identified using two following equations:(2)where λ is the  longitude and φ is the  latitude of a point  in the sphere, and (x,  y) represents corresponding point  in the Cartesian map. For extracting images as the input of the Siamese network, we need ranges for achieved x and  y. The variable x is in the interval [−π,  π] but range of y is different for the Mercator projection of each keypoint. As a result, the minimum and maximum of the variable y for all neighbor points are considered as the range of y, then a histogram 30 × 30 is measured. The Mercator projections of all neighbors are defined and the number of points  in each bin counted. Then we normalize the histogram by dividing each bin by the total number of neighbor points, it causes more robustness to noise and mesh resolution.

The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on the Bologna (Tombari et al., 2010c) and John Burkardt in terms of RMSE, RPC and registration correction rate, rotation and translation errors. The proposed outperforms other methods in term of RPC also the results show that the method is robust to noise, rigid transformation and varying mesh resolution.

With due attention to increase of population and ahead that necessity of human to use of protein demand body, lead mankind pondered that breeding can provide demand protein of society. The purpose of this study was quantity of inbreeding and it’s changes at recent three decade among of Khuzestan’s buffalo population. The data were collected pedigree of 21,009 heads of buffaloes by the Centre for breeding and improve the country were used during the years 1981 to 2011. The results showed that the number of inbreeding animals at the pedigree was 1200 head. Average inbreeding coefficient of the population and inbred population was estimated 0.8 and 10.77%, respectively. Annual changes in inbreeding was 0.05 which was statistically significant (P <0.01). The negative effects of inbreeding on the quantity and quality of buffalo’s milk would prevent. Rapid rise in inbreeding should be prevented by appropriate management  and application of desired programs to avoid negative effects of inbreeding on quality and quantity of milk production.

The present study aimed to assess the association between stone chemical compositions and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes (stone-free result, operative time).

In this analytical cross-sectional study, the data of 113 patients who underwent PCNL, including stone chemical composition, stone-free result, and operative time, were recorded and analyzed.

In univariate analysis, no significant differences were observed between the group with the stone-free result and the group without stone-free result in mean percentages of calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, uric acid, and the frequency of infectious stones time (P>0.05). Moreover, operative time was not significantly correlated with the percentages of calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, and uric acid components (P>0.05). In addition, no significant difference was detected between the two groups (with and without infectious stones) in terms of mean operative time (47.00±17.38 vs. 45.99±20.98; P=0.817). In multivariate regression analysis, none of calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, uric acid, and infectious stone were the predictive factors affecting stone-free result and operative time.

As evidenced by the obtained results, the compositions of upper urinary tract stones had no effect on the stone-free result and operative time in PCNL.

In recent years, sperm cryopreservation has resulted in significant advances in assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs); and, has showed a crucial potential impact on infertility treatment and increasing success rates of ARTs. The negative effects of sperm freezing due to lack of antioxidants have been well recognized .The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coenzyme Q10 as a potent antioxidant on sperm parameters including DNA fragmentation, membrane integrity, and sperm chromatin condensation after thawing of frozen semen.

Semen samples were collected from 50 men referring to the infertility treatment center of Besat Hospital. According to WHO criteria, the men were normozoospermia. Semen samples were divided into three parts: 1) before freezing 2) freezing without coenzyme Q10 , and 3)freezing with coenzyme Q10. After freezing, samples were stored in liquid nitrogen. After two weeks, the samples were thawed and the parameters of sperm including DNA fragmentation, membrane integrity, and sperm chromatin condensation were evaluated. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test.

After thawing the frozen samples, sperm parameters including number and concentration, total number of motile sperms and progressive movement of sperm, viability, membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation, chromatin density were significantly different from the same parameters before freezing (P <0.05). Addition of coenzyme Q10 improved, viability, membrane integrity, chromatin density, and total number of motile sperms and reduced sperm DNA fragmentation. (P <0.05) Sperm count and morphology showed no significant difference before and after freezing (P> 0.05). Also, the percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation was directly related to sperm chromatin before and after freezing.

Addition of Q10 coenzyme antioxidant to sperm freezing medium not only improved sperm parameters of membrane integrity and chromatin, but also resulted in reduced sperm DNA fragmentation after thawing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of basic gymnastics exercises on the development of motor skills of primary school children aged 7 to 10 years. This research was a quasi-experimental data collection method with a practical purpose. The statistical population of the study was all girls in Masjed Soleiman city. Among the mentioned population, 30 female students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. This research was conducted in the field. Then, in the pre-test stage, the subjects' motor skills were measured. Then, the experimental group performed basic and basic gymnastics programs for 16 weeks (3 sessions per week); The control group also performed their daily activities during this period. In the post-test stage, similar to the pre-test, the subjects' motor skills were measured. In order to analyze the data, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to ensure the normality of the subjects' data, and after the normality of the measurement distribution was determined, paired and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. In the end, the following results were obtained: Basic gymnastics exercises had an effect on the growth of running speed and agility of balance growth, two-way coordination, strength, children's response speed, upper limb coordination, visual control and agility speed of primary school children.

The biological response of cells that are not directly exposed to radiation, but are in the vicinity or the environment of irradiated cells, is known as the radiation bystander effect. In previous studies, the existence and mechanism of the bystander effect induced by ionizing radiation have been investigated. Recently, ultrasound therapy was inducted as a new method for treating some cancers. Therefore, it seems necessary to evaluate the ultrasound-induced bystander effect.

To investigate the ultrasound-induced bystander effect, A375 and MCF-7 cell lines were cultured in the target and bystander plates. The target plates included four groups of control (without intervention), ultrasound, gold nanoparticles, and simultaneous ultrasound treatment and gold nanoparticles. The four bystander groups received the culture medium of the target groups, respectively. MTT and colony forming units assays were </em>performed to investigate the ultrasound induced bystander effect.

The percentage of colonization in bystander groups receiving ultrasound without and with gold nanoparticles were significantly lower compared with the control group. However, the amount of colonization for the MCF-7 cell line was more than A375.

The results showed that the ultrasound-induced bystander effect was intensified in the presence of gold nanoparticles due to.

The use of ultrasound waves in combination with chemotherapy drugs increases the effectiveness of the drug in low doses. Moreover, in the treatment process, cells that have not been directly treated undergo a variety of changes such as death; this phenomenon is known as the bystander effect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined treatment of ultrasound waves and cisplatin on the bystander cells in melanoma cells.

Melanoma A375 cells were first cultured in the laboratory. After culturing the cells, two target and bystander cell groups were considered for the experiments. After determining the optimal concentration of cisplatin for melanoma A375 cells by MTT test, the target group cells were treated with the optimal concentration of cisplatin and ultrasound with intensities of 0.5, 1, and 2 w/cm2 . After 24 hours, the culture medium of the target cells was collected and added to the bystander cells using the medium transfer technique. At 24 hours, MTT assay was used to measure cell viability.

The survival percentage of melanoma cells in the bystander group, which received the culture medium of the treated cells by combination of cisplatin and ultrasound waves with an intensity of 2 W/cm2 , had a significant decrease compared to the control group.

In combination therapies with ultrasound waves and chemotherapy drugs, the role of the bystander effect on the efficiency of treatment and cell survival should also be considered.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very prevalent and complex hormonal imbalance that affects almost 5 to 10% of women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and histomorphometric changes of ovary in polycystic ovary syndrome induced in rats by letrozole after administration of Evening primrose oil.

In this experimental study conducted in 2019, 32 healthy rats with a mean weight of 200 to 250 g were included in the study. The mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups; Group 1: EPO at dose of 500 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally for twenty-eight days. Group 2: PCOS was administered orally at letrozole at dose of 1 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. The third group: PCOS was induced and for twenty-eight days, EPO at dose of 500 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal injection and the fourth group was induced by PCOS and EPO at a dose of 1000 mg/kg for twenty-eight days. It was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Finally, after fixing the ovarian tissues, histological sections were prepared serially and folliculogenesis was performed based on counting different types of follicles. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.

Histomorphometric data showed that EPO at dose of 500 mg/kg increased corpus luteum in the PCOS group treated with EPO compared with the control group (p <0.05). EPO also reduced cystic follicles in both doses compared to the control group (p <0.05)

According to the results of histomorphometric study of ovarian tissue, it can be suggested that EPO can have beneficial effects on polycystic ovary syndrome by improving the maturation of follicles.