مه سیما پورشهریاری

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of parent-child conflict and the original family function on aggression with the mediation of identity styles in female students. The statistical population of the study was comprised of senior high school students in Kermanshah city. In order to draw the sample, cluster random sampling method was utilized and 384 students were selected. The research instruments included Eysenck & Glyn Wilson’s Aggression Questionnaire (1975), Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Fine et al., 1983), the Family-of-Origin Scale (Hovestadt et al., 1985) and Identity Style Inventory (Berzonsky et al., 2013). The reliability and validity of the research tools was confirmed through content validity, confirmatory factor analysis and calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) using SPSS25 and Smartpls3 software. The results of the research indicated that the parent-child conflict and original family function directly and indirectly had an impact on the aggression of female students of senior high school students through identity styles. Accordingly, it can be concluded that it is possible to reduce students’ aggression by diminishing the parent-child conflicts, strengthening the family function and also directing identity styles in a proper way.

This study aimed to present a model for the effect of parent-child conflicts and main family function on aggression, mediated by perfectionism and identity styles, in students. The statistical population comprised senior high-school students in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2022-2023, of whom a sample of 384 was selected via random cluster sampling. The data collection instruments included standard questionnaires. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings showed that parent-child conflicts and main family function directly, and indirectly through perfectionism and identity styles, affected the aggression of female senior high school students in Kermanshah. Therefore, it is possible to alleviate students' aggression by reducing parent-child conflicts, strengthening family functioning, boosting informational and normative identity styles, and correctly guiding perfectionism.

Phototherapy, the use of photos in a therapeutic setting under the supervision of a trained therapist, is as an effective method for reducing psychological problems. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of phototherapy on depression and anxiety in divorced women. This study employed single-case experimental design with multiple baseline phases. The statistical population included all divorced women in Tehran who were active on instagram and responded to the research call in 2021. The sampling method was convenience and purposive and four participants were selected based on inclusion criteria. The research instruments included the Lovibond and Lovibond Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the five main phototherapy techniques by Weiser. Participants took part in multiple baseline stage, five intervention sessions, and three follow-up sessions. Data were analyzed by visuals inspection, improvement percentage, reliable change index strategies, effect size and mixed regression analysis. The results showed that phototherapy has significant effect on reducing depression and anxiety in divorced women. Therefore, phototherapy can be utilized as a novel and effective intervention method for addressing depression and anxiety in divorced women, by therapists and counselors.

The present study was undertaken to design a parent-adolescent psychological intervention to reduce loneliness based on the components of loneliness of teenage girls and the evolutionary theory of loneliness of Cacioppo as well as conducting a case study on loneliness and parent-child interaction. The research had a single-subject design (AB multiple baseline design). The statistical population of the study was comprised of adolescent girls aged 16 to 18 along with their parents who were selected through purposive and voluntary sampling methods from two schools. The sample included two students along with their parents. The UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness and the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (PACHIQ) was utilized to measure parent-child interaction. Based on the results, a psychological intervention consisting of 11 sessions was designed and implemented for parents and adolescents. The quasi-experimental case validation method (single subject) was used in the next stage. More specifically, loneliness, the parent-child interaction from teenagers’ point of view as well as the parent-child interaction from their parents’ viewpoint were examined and tested using the multi-level AB design in fourteen weeks. The results indicated that the developed psychological intervention reduced loneliness in female students and improved parent-child interaction from both adolescents and parents’ perspectives.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between gratitude, apology, and marital intimacy by moderating the role of arrogance among women in Tehran province. The research utilized a descriptive correlation design. The statistical population consisted of all women aged 20 to 50 in Tehran province in 2022 that had been living together for at least one year. The sample of 308 women was selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through online questionnaires and measures including a Researcher-Made Apology Questionnaire, Authentic Pride and Hubristic Pride Scale (Tracy and Robbins, 2007), Gratitude Questionnaire developed (McCullough, Emmons & Tsang,2002), and Marital Intimacy Scale developed (Walker and Thompson,1983). SmartPLS-3 software was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that gratitude had a positive association with marital intimacy, whereas apology and arrogance had a negative association with marital intimacy. Furthermore, arrogance moderated the relationship between gratitude and marital intimacy, but did not moderate the relationship between apology and marital intimacy. Based on these results, mental health experts are recommended to organize educational workshops to increase couples' awareness of the aforementioned factors, which can enhance the level of marital intimacy and improve the general health of women in relationships.

Intervening factors can lead to a decrease or increase in the vulnerability of women after divorce. This study aims to know the intervening factors in the vulnerability of women after divorce. Using a qualitative method, based on a content analysis approach, conventional content analysis, and heterogeneous purposive sampling, were conducted through semi-structured interviews with 35 divorced women. Triangulation was done by three different methods observation, interview, and study of divorce literature. According to the findings, 2 main themes, 5 categories and 25 subcategories were identified. The results showed that, in general, individual and extra-individual intervening factors have an effect on the vulnerability of women after divorce. While it may not be possible to address all contributing factors, one significant aspect that can be addressed through psychological intervention is the role of the woman's family. By raising awareness about the stressful impact of divorce and promoting a culture where parents seek counseling to better support their daughter post-divorce, the severity of women's vulnerability can be reduced.

The study of the factors affecting family communication patterns and alexithymia in children is of great importance because of their impact on children’s mental health. Hence, this research was undertaken to investigate the impact of reality therapy training on family communication patterns and alexithymia in male sixth graders. This quasi-experimental study had a pre-test, post-test control group design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all male sixth graders in Tehran in 2018-19 school year. Due to the large size of the statistical population, in the first stage, cluster sampling method was utilized. In the second stage, 32 individuals were selected by random sampling method and were assigned to experimental and control groups. The subjects in the experimental group were trained in reality therapy for 8 one-hour sessions once a week. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (2006) and the Fitzpatrick and Ritchie Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire (1994) were used to collect data. Analysis of covariance was utilized to analyze the data. Results revealed that reality therapy training improved family communication patterns and reduced alexithymia (p <0.01). Therefore, using educational methods based on reality therapy is recommended to increase positive family communication patterns and reduce students' alexithymia.

This study aimed to meta-analyze the effectiveness of interventions on students' referential thinking. The statistical population of the research was master's theses, doctoral dissertations, and research published in the field of interventions in magazines and scientific conferences of the country during the last ten years (2011-2021) in the field of educational interventions on student’s referrals thinking that had a suitable sample size and met the necessary conditions in terms of validity and reliability of the measurement tool and sampling method. Therefore, seven methodologically acceptable studies were selected and a meta-analysis was performed on them. The research tool was a meta-analysis checklist. The implementation stages of this meta-analysis were based on the meta-analysis stages of identity and Kramer. The results showed that the effect size of educational interventions on students' referrals thinking was relatively higher than 0.55. The most important point is that teaching cognitive-metacognitive strategies was more considered by researchers and had a higher effect on reducing students' referral thinking.

  In respect of diagnosis and therapy, generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most frequent anxiety disorders, as well as one of the most difficult and resistant. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the most frequent therapies for this disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of paradoxical timetable treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating women with generalized anxiety disorder. In this study, the single-case experimental Was used used. The population of the present research included women with generalized anxiety disorder who referred to the Sadra Clinic and had an active case in the summer and autumn of 2021. Among these, three patients received paradoxical timetable therapy, and three patients received cognitive-behavioral therapy. The sample of this research selected through convenience sampling.Generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 items used for collecting data. Chart analysis, reliable change index, clinical significance and Improvement percentage of paradoxical time table was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software. The results showed that both paradoxical timetable treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy were effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Comparing the two treatment methods according to the obtained results and comparing the percentage of paradoxical timetable treatment subjects, the improvement rate for the three subjects in this method is 71%, 79% and 71% and the recovery percentage of cognitive-behavioral therapy subjects for the three subjects is 44%, 52% and 48%, also the percentage of total improvement in paradoxical timetable treatment in three patients is on average 74% and the percentage of total improvement in cognitive-behavioral therapy in three patients is 48%. According to the findings of the study, treatment of paradoxical timetable is an acceptable and quick method to decrease the symptoms of generalized anxiety, and can be used as a recommended treatment.

Place attachment is the emotional bond that a person forms with a place. This concept influences people's life experiences in three domains: emotional, cognitive, and behavioral. The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of the length of residence on the relationship between place attachment and mental health and social well-being in women living in Tehran. This was a descriptive-correlation study and the sample consisted of 241 women living in Tehran. They were selected by the convenience sampling method. The instruments used in this study were Safarinia's place attachment scale (2011), Besharat's mental health scale (2009), and Keys' social well-being scale (1998). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS v.20 and Smart PLS v.3 software. The results indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between place attachment and mental health, as well as between place attachment and social well-being. Although there was a positive and significant relationship between the length of residence and place attachment, the length of residence did not moderate the relationship between place attachment and mental health and social well-being. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that place attachment has a significant role in enhancing women's mental health and social well-being.

Considering the significant impact of early childhood experiences on various dimensions of physical and psychological life and related problems and according to the literature, the lack of a coherent questionnaire to investigate adverse experiences is obvious, so it is essential to prepare a valid questionnaire to perform preventive and therapeutic interventions.

The purpose of the present study was to validate the International Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) in Mashhad.

Regarding methodology, this research was among the descriptive researches of (survey) type. The statistical population included all people over 18 years of age living in Mashhad in 2021, of which 285 people were selected by purposive sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine validity with the help of SPSS21 and AMOS22 software.

The content of the International Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire items showed that this scale has six factors with favorable fit indices. Also, Cronbach's alpha values for the subscales related to parents and caregivers, family environment, aggression, peer violence, witnessing community violence, and witnessing collective violence or war are acceptable. The results showed that this questionnaire has good convergent and divergent construct validity.

The findings of this research showed that based on the obtained factors, the International Questionnaire of Adverse Childhood Experiences is a suitable scale for evaluating adverse childhood experiences in Iran and can be used as a valid scale in fields such as research and assessment.

Introduction. Protection of holy Foundation of   Family led to have a better society and neglecting of family led to fall    into the abyss of destruction and perdition and focus on the best pattern on this context to introduce them to the world but nowadays there is a competition between couple’s ad no cooperation.Looking specifically at the center of the holy Quran and the best model is to identify superior family to the world. Forgiveness and tolerance of critical characteristics in the lives of wives in order to achieve peace. Religious teachings recommend to tolerance of wife. It makes them to be a source of tension for each other.  This study tries to find the relationship between forgiveness and mental health in married women. Methods. This research is using descriptive, correlation and inferential. But according to the objectives and nature of research, in each department, its proper method is used. Population of married women 25 to 45-year-old teacher in Tehran in the academic year 94-93 with inquiries from the Department of Education in Tehran, about 32,000 people was announced. The sample size was 379 people, according to Morgan table. Cluster sampling was used. Two instruments were used for data collection include:1) self-administered questionnaire "Islamic lifestyle characteristics in monogamous relationships."2(GHQ-28. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.9.Findings. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, there is a significant positive relationship between forgiveness or tolerance as an elements of Islamic life style and mental health in married women. In other words, whatever forgiveness or tolerance increased in women, they had better mental health. Results also confirmed those who have more tolerance would definitely have led to higher degree of satisfaction of each other and mental health of couples would increase.

It is imperative to understand what and how the problems of couples and families are from the revealed source of the Holy Quran. Jealousy is a characteristic that has cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions, etc., and it has destructive effects on the interaction patterns of couples. The present study aimed to discover the semantics of couples' jealousy from the perspective of the Qur'an. The current research is qualitative, and analysis method of Quranic verses was used. The content of the research carried out with an emphasis on the word deliberation method from the series of deliberation methods, the word Jealousy, and the discovery of the general semantics of Jealousy in the Qur'an (Surahs Baqarah, Nisa, Fatah, and Falaq) was chosen, as well as the concept of jealousy of couples. It was examined in the Qur'an. The concept of jealousy in the verses of the Quran, the interpretations of the verses, the research dictionary, the summary of the semantics of jealousy, its prerequisites, accessories and results, its dimensions, levels, and components were investigated and a definition of the jealousy of couples based on the Quran was obtained.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Islamic couple's anti-jealousy couple therapy package on family efficacying and jealousy in incompatible couples. The research method was experimental and in the framework of a quasi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test with a control group with follow-up after two months. The statistical population of the present study included all couples in Tehran who announced their readiness by participating in a training course to promote couple relationships. After performing the tests, the researcher selected a couple in which women had a lower than average score in the Safouraei Parizi family efficiency questionnaire (2009) and a higher than average score in the researcher-made couple jealousy questionnaire and were randomly assigned to the groups. Dad. Thirty-two couples were selected by purposive sampling from the statistical population of the study and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection tools in this study included the Safavid Parizi family efficiency questionnaire (2009) and according to the design, the subjects were assessed in two stages before and after the implementation of the designed model. Analysis of covariance with SPSS-25 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the mean scores of family performance in the experimental group increased compared to the control group and the mean scores of jealousy in the experimental group decreased compared to the control group. As a result, it can be said that the couple's anti-jealousy therapy package has been effective on family efficacying and jealousy in incompatible couples.

One of the most common childhood disorders is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its interaction with parental behaviors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) on reducing verbal and non-verbal violence of mothers and symptoms of ADHD in preschool children. The method of the study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included preschool children with ADHD symptoms and their mothers in Tehran. Twenty of these children and their mothers were selected using convenience sampling method and were matched and randomly assigned in experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes in PCIT sessions. The instruments included the Connors’ Parent Rating Scale and the Parent Behavior Screening. Data analysis using MANCOVA in SPSS version 22 showed that the scores of verbal and non-verbal violence of mothers, also the symptoms of ADHD decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p <0.001) and treatment has a significant effect on reducing mothers’ verbal and non-verbal violence and symptoms of ADHD. It can be concluded PCIT could decrease the severity of ADHD symptoms in children and mothers' verbal and non-verbal violence.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between mindfulness and the mental health of pregnant women. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the research included pregnant women aged 18 to 40 in Tehran in 2021-2022. A total of 200 pregnant women were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments were: Mental Health Scale (28-MHI) Besharat (2009), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) Luthans et al. (2007), and the Five Factors Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) Bauer et al. (2006). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the research model has a good fit and components of action with knowledge and lack of judgment with an effect size of 0.14 and 0.07 have a significant indirect effect on mental health due to psychological capital (P<0.05), but the three components of observation, description, And lack of reaction did not show a significant indirect effect (P <0.05). The results also showed that the components of description and non-response of the mindfulness variable along with psychological capital with the effects of 0.18, 0.22, and 0.29, respectively, have a significant direct effect on the mental health of pregnant women (P< 0/05). These results show that psychological capital, considering the role of mindfulness, can explain mental health in pregnant women.

The present qualitative research was conducted to find the essential components of premarital counseling. The samples were selected via convenience sampling, which included three equal groups of 10 counselors, couples about to get married, and married couples (30 people in total). A focus group meeting was held for each of them, and the data were coded using Strauss and Corbin method. The findings of the research show that the main components from the point of view of these three groups include “examination of values and attitudes, socio-economic status, rules of the family of origin and setting demarcation, attractiveness and physical and sexual health, lack of personality disorder, intellectual and emotional maturity, and preventive skills training”. Furthermore, 31 sub-components were identified. As far as the difference between coding in the three groups is concerned, the results indicated that counselors consider “teaching communicative skills” to be a sub-category of “emotional maturity”, but married couples and couples about to get married considered it to be a sub-category of “teaching premarital preventive skills”. Couples about to get married emphasized checking “physical health”, but counselors suggested thoroughly investigating it while family genogram is illustrated. However, married couples gave it no priority, but strongly emphasized a person’s social and mental issues. The results of this research can be used in premarital counseling or educational workshops in this field. By using these components, it is possible to identify the differences between couples, inform couples about the benefits and possible challenges caused by these differences, and teach them how to manage these differences to properly deal with marital problems.

This research aimed to analyze adolescents` motivational factors for using virtual social media. This research was conducted using the qualitative approach of phenomenology type. For this purpose, 17 female adolescents aged 14 to 16 who were dysfunctional in the use of social media were selected using a purposeful sampling method based on criteria. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Finally, the data were coded and categorized and the results were expressed using the method of narrative reporting. The analysis of experiences led to the identification of 7 main themes, including the symbiotic relationship with peers, omnipresence, emotion regulation, idealization versus normalization, social comparison, function, and response to existential-humanistic issues. each of them included 5, 7, 8, 4, 5, 15, and 3 sub-themes respectively. The results show that adolescents' problematic use of social networks is not motivated by newness or fashion, but purposefully and motivated by the fulfillment of basic needs (autonomy, competence, and communication). Therefore, in addition to recognizing the needs and motivations of adolescents, the authorities must use the technological opportunities of social networks to respond to their neglected needs in the real world. Also, counselors can take preventive measures or design targeted technological content for them by considering the motivations of adolescents.

Shame and guilt as negative and maladaptive emotions are associated with psychological problems in adolescents, including depression and suicide, social anxiety, bipolar disorder, and low level of self-compassion. However, despite the importance of these emotions in adolescents, there is a research gap in investigating the psychometric properties of a valid scale to measure shame and guilt in Iranian adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Guilt and Shame Experience Scale (GSES; Malinakova et al., 2019) in adolescents in Tehran.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose, survey in terms of type of data collection, and testing in terms of methodology, which was conducted in the form of a correlational research design. The present study sample was 2291 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling. The confirmatory factor analysis method was used to determine the construct validity, and the multi-group analytical method was used to test the invariance of the scale concerning gender.

The confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the existence of two factors of shame and guilt and indicated a good fit of the data in the groups of girls and boys. The multi-group analysis also showed the invariance of path coefficients and residuals in both groups (P> 0.05). The scale’s reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha, MacDonald omega, and composite reliability (α, ω, CR ≥ 0.7). The results indicated that the GSES has an adequate face, content, construct, divergent and discriminant validity. Examination of demographic variables showed an increase in feelings of shame and guilt with age (P< 0.01).

The Persian version of the Shame and Guilt Experience Scale has desirable psychometric properties, and is a simple, brief and reliable tool for assessing the emotions of shame and guilt in Iranian adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on social attitudes towards the singlehood(SATS) and belief in a just world(BJW) in single girls. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all single girls 30 years old and above in the faculty of literature and humanities of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. 34 people were selected voluntarily as a sample and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (17 people in each group). Questionnaires of Social Attitudes towards the Singlehood of Ghanee Ezabadi, et al. and Belief in a just world of Sutton and Douglas were administered. For the experimental group, 8 sessions of 90 minutes were performed for two months, but the group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance. Findings showed that self-compassion training is effective on SATS and BJW in single girls. Due to the increasing age of marriage in the girls of the society, self-compassion training can be used to improve the mental health of these people.

The aim of this study was to analyze the experiences and psychological perceptions of recovered COVID-19 patients.

This research was conducted using qualitative approach of phenomenology type. The population of this study included the patients recovered from Corona virus in Tehran province. Sampling was performed purposefully. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Collaizi’s seven-step method was applied for analyzing the data.

After coding the interviews and categorizing the topics, the following nine main themes were obtained: initial reaction of loneliness and the need for receiving compassion, negative consequences, proximity to death and the reaction of individuals toward it, effective coping activities, mutual transmission of mental status of the patient, caregivers and medical staff, the effect of illness on meaning and style of life, preoccupation with duties and responsibilities.

The present study showed that the experiences of Covid-19 patients have similarities and differences and being ware of these experiences may help the experts and policymakers to prevent the psychological crisis in the post-corona period and prepare the people psychologically in the society to face the epidemics.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the dimensions of middle-age experience in women. The statistical population included all middle-aged women aged 39 to 43 years of the regions one, two, and three in Tehran. Through a semi-structured interview, 12 women were selected by purposive sampling to reach data saturation. This study was conducted based on a qualitative approach, and was analyzed by content analysis procedure. The content of the interviews was coded, classified, and analyzed via applying the Brown and Clark method, using Atlas software, and ultimately led to the extraction of themes. The findings showed that the main themes included six themes of "physical changes," "change in relationships," "attention to internal aspects," "spirituality," "financial concern," and "conflict resolution." Regarding the vulnerability of middle-aged women and their risk of mental disorders, addressing middle-aged women's life should be a top priority in our country's health care system .

The aim of present study was to examine the mediating role of hope in the relationship between self-efficacy and flourishing among counselors and psychologists. The research method was correlational using the structural equation modeling method. The sample consisted of 407 counselors and psychologists who were selected online through social media (Female :319, Male: 88). The instruments used were General Self-efficacy scale, Hope scale, and Flourishing scale. Data analysis was performed by statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software. The result of structural equation modeling revealed that the model of relationship between self-efficacy, hope and flourishing, had a good fit. According results, high levels of self-efficacy and hope, predicted greater levels of flourishing. Also, hope emerged as a mediator in the link between self-efficacy with flourishing. This study showed that self-efficacy and hope play an important role in the rate of flourishing and targeting them can promote the well-being in counselors and psychologists.

This study was done to compare communication patterns, emotion expression styles and intimacy among betrayed and normal women (non-betrayed).
The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of all betrayed and normal women of Tehran in 2018. Among the betrayed women, 65 subjects and among the normal women, also 65 subjects were selected by purposive sampling..Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ), Emotional Expression Questionnaire (EEQ), Ambiguity over Emotional Expression Questionnaire (AEEQ) and Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS) were used for gathering data. The data were analyzed by MANOVA and SPSS-22 software.
The findings showed that there was a significant difference between betrayed and normal women in communication patterns, some of emotion expression styles and intimacy. Accordingly, it can be concluded that betrayed women mainly use dysfunctional communication patterns in their marriage, positive emotions expression are not addressed properly and that the intimacy in their marriage is weak.
The results of this study can be used in psycho-education and marital counseling.

The diary research method is one of the types of qualitative research that is different in context and over time due to its capacity to record the desired phenomena on a regular basis. This method, like other qualitative methods, is flexible and can be tailored to different research questions. The tendency of contemporary research is to study the feeling and perceptions of popular culture and the discourse of the humanities, which are overlap with the perspectives of diary studies. Now with the growth of new media and digital technology and the explosion of online attention to people's lives, this method is expanding. This paper will introduce the method of diary method, its background, and methods of data collection, goals, data analysis, and ethical considerations in order to provide a basis for using this method.