مهدی حیاتی

Obesity and overweight caused by the industrial lifestyle and inactivity is an epidemic problem in the contemporary world. By creating a systemic inflammation and disorder in blood lipids, obesity causes chronic disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks of circuit bodyweight training (CBWT) with chitosan supplementation on lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and aerobic fitness in obese men.

In a quasi-experimental research design, 22 overweight and obese men (age: 25-35 years; fat percentage: 32-37%; body mass index (BMI): 30-35 kg/m2) from Tabriz City were selected and assigned into two Exercise and Exercise-Chitosan groups based on BMI and fat percentage. The CBWT protocol consisted of five 30-minute sessions with 60-90% of heart rate reserve (HRR). CBWT consisted of six exercise stations lasting one minute with 30-40 seconds of rest between each exercise. Also, eight weeks of chitosan supplementation consisted of 500 mg per day in three divided doses which were taken 30 minutes before each main meal. 24 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session, aerobic capacity, lipid, and inflammatory profiles were measured. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance and independent t-test via SPSS26 software.

Eight weeks of CBWT with and without chitosan supplementation did not cause significant changes in leukocytosis indices (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils), triglycerides, HDL, and LDL. However, in both groups of exercises with and without chitosan supplementation, the level of CRP decreased significantly and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Also, serum cholesterol levels decreased significantly only in the CBWT with the chitosan supplementation group (P=0.01).

CBWT along with chitosan supplementation is probably a suitable method to reduce systemic inflammation and improve the lipid profile of obese men

Mushaf of Imam Ali (AS) is one of the historical and narrative facts. One of the most famous hadiths regarding the content of Imam Ali's Mushaf is a hadith mentioned in the book Al-Rahman fi Tafsir al-Qur'an. The main source of this Alavi narration is Tabarsi's Al-Ihtijāj, which narrated it without mentioning the source, but with the help of similar narrations and the same content, we can understand the Tanzil and Tawil. This research has been carried out by analytical-descriptive method and using library sources. Its purpose is to study the documentary and interpretive  validation of this narration with the help of verses and hadiths. The results indicated that, Imam Ali's Mushaf was a complete collection of divine revelation, encompassing both Tanzil and Tawil. Tanzil' refers to the verses as they appear in the Uthmanic Mushaf. Tawil, or interpretation, provides supplementary explanations for these verses. These explanations were supposedly written in the margins of Imam Ali's Mushaf. Islamic traditions suggest that Tawil, like Tanzil, was revealed to the Prophet and was subsequently compiled in the Mushaf of Imam Ali (AS).

The Alevi tradition "This is the book of your Lord, come down to me" is quoted in Sheikh Sadouq's Book of Beliefs without mentioning the document. However, similar and related traditions are narrated in the book Usul Kafi and Basaer al-Darjej of Safar with a attached document. Although this hadith has been frequently reflected and cited in Shia sources in relation to the Mushaf of Amir Mominan (a.s.); But so far, its content and brokerage have not been investigated independently. The main question is, what information about Hazrat's Mushaf can be obtained from the content of this narration? This research was done in a descriptive-analytical way and using library sources, and its purpose is to examine the document and text of the aforementioned narrative. The results obtained from it make it clear that the content of the Prophet's Mushaf is of a revelation nature and includes interpretation and interpretation, that is, in addition to the Qur'anic revelation, a verbal revelation is also recorded in the margins of the Prophet's Mushaf. Amir Mominan (a.s.) has given the word "book" to that collection. Therefore, the word "book" is the same as the word "Qur'an" and the relationship between the book and the Qur'an is absolute. By examining this hadith, the meaning of the word "book" in the hadith of Saqlain is also clarified. This article is a new achievement in relation to Hazrat's Mushaf.

Scholars have three views about the reason and revelation ratio in prophetic knowledge: Some Sunni scholars believe that the Prophet did intellectual interpretative reasoning in religion; however, some Sunni and Shi’ite scholars do not accept this point of view. The third point of view is detailed; the Prophet acted based on his interpretative reasoning opinion in world affairs such as war, release of captives, etc., which there was no revelation, after consulting with companions. This research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method using library sources, and the main question is: “What is the relationship between the opinions based on the Holy Prophet’s intellect and the opinions based on the revelation? The most important result is that the Holy Prophet was also required to use his rational opinions, and based on verses 3 and 4 of An-Najm Surah, the Prophet's logic is nothing but revelation. Therefore, Prophet’s intellectual opinions were in the revelation framework. On the other hand, based on “and He has taught thee that thou knewest not“ (4:113), where the human has intellectual limitations to perceive knowledge, the Holy Prophet also remained silent and waited for the revelation.

Tafsir al-Surat al-Mustaqim is one of the thirteenth century Shiite interpretations; Its author is Hussein bin Mohammad Reza Boroujerdi. This interpretation includes Surah Al-Hamd and Al-Baqarah.Despite the fact that some have introduced the interpretation of Al-Surat Al-Mustaqim as a narrative and effective interpretation, but this interpretation is a comprehensive ijtihad interpretation in which the topics of recitation, lexical study, Tajweed rules, mentioning rhetorical and syntactic points of verses are discussed and discussed. He has widely used the narrations of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS) to understand the meanings of the verses. Therefore, below the verses, we see the presentation of esoteric meanings and examples of verses in the interpretation. In this commentary, the commentator, after analyzing and expressing various possibilities in the meanings of verses and words, has expressed the correct opinion and ijtihad in interpreting the verses and has discussed various topics such as theological, mystical and jurisprudential issues below the verses according to the verse. Extensive use of the interpreter from various sources indicates the ingenuity and inference of the interpreter.This interpretation is similar to the interpretation of Al-Mizan. It was written several years before Al-Mizan's commentary. If the commentator could provide a complete interpretation of the Qur'an, this interpretation would be considered one of the best Shiite interpretations, which could be equal to the great Shiite interpretations.

Sharif Lahiji Tafsir is the work of Qutbuddin Lahiji, one of the Imami scholars of the 11th century AH, written in Persian. Before the contemporary period, the translation of the Qur'an was presented mixed with its interpretation. From the middle of the fourth century to the end of the sixth century AH, lasting effects have been left in the translation and interpretation of the Holy Quran, which has been more or less effective in the emergence of translation and interpretation in later times. Sharif Lahiji's commentary is one of these commentaries; The main purpose of this book is to explain and interpret the verses of the Holy Quran, so its translation style is interpretive-analytical and the commentator has applied his specific interpretive ideas in translating the verses. Considering that the translation of Quranic verses in this commentary refers to the standard Persian prose of the 11th century AH, the presence of original Persian words in it adds to the eloquence of the text and is considered one of its strengths. On the other hand, in syntactic structure, equivalence for words, literal translation and word structure, there are drawbacks that have been studied and criticized in this research.

Corn plant (Zea mays L.) is the main source of energy and has a vital role for birds feeding. Thus, increasing cultivation area and yield improvement are very important. Corn may be highly productive even in winter season in many locations due to its adaptability. Silage of maize is a good source of energy and food for animals and can produce more energy compare to other forages. Drought stress is one of the important factors that limits crop growth in arid and semi-arid environments and imposes a detrimental effect on maize yield. Drought stress imposes many different biochemical and physiological responses in plants. Studies have shown that water stress would directly and indirectly affect the maize yield.

This experiment was conducted as split plot based on complete block design with three replications, in 2017 (1396) in Mehran town in southwest of Ilam, which characters an arid and semi-arid climate. Main factor included of three levels of irrigation (equivalent of 40 mm (Normal), 60 mm and 80 mm of accumulated evapotranspiration of class A pan evaporation). Sub-plots included: 8 different levels of gibberellin application (100 ppm), no application of gibberellin but 4 levels of transpiration reducer including Salicyclic acid (0.5 molar concentration) ascorbic acid (120 mg.l-1), paclobutrazol (50 ppm) and control which was pure water. All treatments imposed at 6-8 leaf stage of plant growth. Each plot consisted of 6 cultivation rows with 4 m length and 0.75 m between rows and 0.20 m within rows distances. Distance between blocks was 3 m and sowing depth was 3-5 cm. Fertilizer requirement was calculated based on soil analysis. Therefore 160 kg.ha-1 of Super phosphate triple, and 100kg.ha-1 urea were applied at sowing and when crops were at 10 leaf stage, before tasseling, 200 kg.ha-1 urea was applied again. 

Irrigation levels showed a significant difference (P≤0.01) effect on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, grain number per ear, leaf area index, and relative leaf water content. ANOVA results showed that gibberellin had significant (P≤0.05) effect on biological yield. Transpiration reducer also showed significant (P≤0.05) effects on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, grain number per ear, leaf area index, and leaf water content. Interactive effects of drought stress and transpiration reducer was also significant (P≤0.01) on grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. Triple interaction significantly (P≤0.01) affect grain yield and harvest index. The highest seed yield under normal irrigation conditions was obtained by simultaneous application of gibberellin and salicylic acid (11.11 t.ha-1). Also, the lowest seed yield was obtained under 80 mm irrigation stress without gibberellin and transpiration reducers (6.42 t.ha-1). Drought stress reduced grain yield compared to normal irrigation treatment. The lowest protein content was under normal irrigation conditions (0.092) and the highest amount was under 80 mm stress conditions (0.1). The highest accumulation of soluble sugars was in 80 mm dry stress (525 mg.g-1) and the lowest accumulation was in normal irrigation conditions (402 mg.g-1). The highest amount of chlorophyll (2.9) was observed in normal irrigation treatment and the lowest level was observed in drought stress treatment of 80 mm (2.46).

This study results showed that a right combination of transpiration reducer and growth stimulants under drought stress can help corn plant to increase its production. This enhancement is because of higher antioxidant activity and also growth conditions. In other words, positive effects of transpiration reducer, result in deduction of stress effects on grain production and biological yield so can increase corn quantity and quality grain yield.

Undoubtedly, throughout history, some have tried to interpret the meaning of Qur'anic verses based on their own views. This disgusting act is called “eisegesis” in the narrations and is attributed to the distorters, not to the Qur'an, but gradually, among Shiite and Sunni Qur'an scholars, “eisegesis” of individuals, with the “figurative distortion” of the Qur'an is considered identical and the interpretation of figurative distortion is attributed to the Holy Qur'an, and due to the occurrence of eisegesis of individuals, the figurative distortion of the Qur'an is also considered inevitable. This article examines and criticizes this view with a descriptive-analytical method and by presenting intellectual and narrative (traditional) reasons, challenges the similarity of eisegesis of individuals and the figurative distortion of the Qur'an and emphasizes the clear differences between the interpretation of the opinion of those who have false opinions with the figurative distortion of the Qur'an; thus, the existence of eisegesis according to the opinion of individuals, not in the signification of concordance (conformity), is the same as the figurative distortion of the Qur'an, nor in the signification of containment and consecutive (meaning) signification, it contains and proves it. The authors promote the attribution of semantic (figurative) distortion to individuals, rather than the attribution of figurative distortion to the Holy Qur'an.

Removal of contaminants by adsorbent is a useful and effective way to remove heavy metals from wastewater and aqueous samples. Mercury is one of the heavy metals that is toxic to humans, animals and the environment. In this study, magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (MMWCNT) composite was synthesized and used to remove Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. This work was conducted on a laboratory scale and based on the design of experiment by the surface response methodology (RSM) and based on Box-Behnken design, and the effects of independent variables including pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of Hg and contact time in different levels were evaluated with the help of Design-Expert Stat-Ease Inc software. The properties of this magnetic adsorbent were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results show that the adsorption of Hg(II) on magnetic MWCNT composite is strongly dependent on contact time and adsorbent dosage. The highest efficiency of removal mercury was about 85% and that occurred when pH=6, dose of adsorbent= 0.6 g/L, initial concentration of Hg(II)=10 ppm and contact time=150 minutes. The adsorption isotherm data were better fitted by Freundlich model, while kinetic data can be characterized by the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. In general, it can be concluded that magnetic MWCNT adsorbent has a very high ability to remove mercury.