فهرست مطالب مهدی یداللهی

To achieve their goals, organizations need to consider several factors, one of the most important of which is organizational participation. Isfahan Governorate, in line with its organizational mission, tries to provide quality services with a central program through encouraging increased participation of employees and taking advantage of their opinions and suggestions. Hence, the current research is aimed to present a model for increasing employee participation in Isfahan Governorate. To this end, 54 influencing factors regarding employee participation were extracted through the review of research literature. The intended research community consisted of all the employees and managers of Isfahan Governorate, and 21 senior managers of the organization who were recruited through convenience samling and their opinions were analyzed using the fuzzy Delphi method. The final factors were codyfied in 7 dimensions of leadership, job satisfaction, performance evaluation, clear goal setting and policy making, organizational culture, human resource measures and organizational structure. The conceptual model and the relationship of the factors were presented using the DEMATEL method. The conceptual model with the addition of employee participation as a dependent variable was quantitatively investigated using the structural equation modeling method. The results revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between leadership and human resources measures; leadership and organizational structure; organizational structure, goal-setting and policy-making; human resources measures and organizational culture; organizational culture and performance evaluation; goal-setting and policy-making component and performance evaluation; performance evaluation component and job satisfaction; and job satisfaction and employee participation.

To investigate the expression pattern of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes under water deficit stress in spring bread wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in 2020. In this study, agronomic traits, enzyme-related traits, antioxidant activity as well as the amount of gene expression affected by irrigation and salicylic acid were measured. In this study, there was a significant difference between irrigation levels and salicylic acid in terms of the effect on all traits. There was a significant difference between interaction treatments in terms of the effect on all traits except spike length and 1000-kernel weight. Mean comparison of interaction treatments showed that foliar spraying of 1 mM salicylic acid under 100% plant water requirement treatment had the highest plant height (64.76 cm), number of tillers per plant (3.71), number of seeds per spike (21.2) Dry matter yield (15.14 g / plant) grain yield (10.68 g / plant), chlorophyll an (8.66 mg / g fresh weight), chlorophyll b (2.66 mg / g fresh weight), Carotenoids (4.13 mg / g wet weight). While the highest content of leaf proline (0.53 mg / g fresh weight), leaf phenol (Galic acid / 82 DW9 / 82), catalase activity (97.09 mMolH2O2 / min mg protein), ascorbate peroxidase (mMolH2O2) / min mg protein 03/120), superoxide dismutase (mMolH2O2 / min mg protein 89/330) was allocated to foliar application of 1 mg salicylic acid under 50% plant water requirement. In this study, water deficit stress and salicylic acid foliar application had a synergistic effect on increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The highest expression of superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase genes was observed by foliar application of 1 and 2 mM salicylic acid, and the highest expression of ascorbate peroxidase gene was observed by 1 mM foliar application of salicylic acid under 50% plant water requirement treatment. Application of salicylic acid under irrigation 50 and 75% of plant water requirement increased the expression of antioxidant genes in comparison with salicylic acid control treatment in each plant water require treatments and under 100% plant water requirement.

This study examines the impact of trading experience on behavioral bias when trading with the mediating role of self -thought and modifying valid relationships with consultant, authentic relationships with peers, and a desire to learn. In the present study, the questionnaire was used to accommodate the data from the questionnaire, tailored to the statistical requirement of SPSS.V24 statistical software and the SmartPls.v3 structural equation software used in the form of a linear and multiple regression sections. The statistical population of this study is the customers of the stock exchange in Tehran which is non -count. To calculate the sample size required for research using Cochran formula for unlimited communities at a reliability level of 5 %, 384 people were obtained. The results show that the variables of transaction experience on behavioral bias when trading with the mediation of self -thinking experience of self -thinking by modifying valid relationships with the Trading Experience Consultant by adjusting valid relationships with peers of transaction transaction with self -reflection The desire to learn the experience of transaction has a significant impact on behavioral bias when trading valid relationships with peers on behavioral bias during transaction. Adjustment has a desire to learn less.

The purpose of this study is to illustrate the process of applying the “new public management” approach in the country, explain the approach that has been implemented in practice and compare it with the claimed approach.

In this research, a mixed-methods research design has been used. In the qualitative stage, the strategy of grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin’s systematic design) and the theoretical sampling method have been used. In a quantitative stage, a survey and correlation strategy was used and 400 people were selected as a sample using the multistage random sampling method. To estimate the parameters and perform structural equation modeling, the maximum likelihood method has been used in Amos 24 software.

The results of research in both qualitative and quantitative sections show that imitation and convergence with the global trend are the main factors in choosing the "new public management" approach. The results also show the weak effect of choosing the "new public management" approach and the relatively strong effect of specific conditions on increasing the inefficiency of the current management approach of the country. The choice of the "new public management" approach in the country, along with the specific conditions of the management system, has led to greater inefficiency and increased negative consequences.

In a general conclusion, it can be said that improving the three important components of good governance, namely the rule of law, transparency and control of corruption are the main prerequisites for applying the “new public management” approach and its main pillar, namely privatization. Otherwise, applying this approach in the public sector will have much more negative consequences.

The purpose of this study is to illustrate the process of applying the “new public management” approach in the country, the reasons for its inefficiencies, as well as its consequences. In this research, “grounded theory” and the systematic design proposed by Strauss and Corbin were used. For collecting data, in addition to semi-structured interviews with experts and management specialists, secondary resources such as texts and archived interviews were used. In this research, purposive and theoretical sampling methods were used and the data were analyzed in the form of open, axial and selective coding. The results of the research showed that convergence and mimicry of administrative transformation policies are among the main reasons to implement the “new public management” approach in the country. The choice of the “new public management” approach in the country considering the general and specific conditions governing the management system, has led to more inefficiency and increased negative outcomes of this approach. In addition, administrative, organizational, economic, social and political challenges have increased respectively. In a general conclusion, it can be said that the components of good governance are, in fact, the manifestation of the existence of the governance and non-governance capacities needed to implement a managerialism approach in a country. Without developing such capacities, the use of the new public management model in the public sector would surely end in far more negative consequences.

Decision making is one of the most important activities in all organizations, and in the meantime, it is more important in innovative and knowledge-based firms due to the lack of structure and resources on the one hand and the impact of decisions on the organization on the other. The business environment generally has many uncertainties, and this uncertainty about start-ups and technology-based businesses is much deeper. Deciding in this uncertain environment has limitations that make many technologists unconsciously use intuition in decision making. The purpose of this study was to study the descriptive process of intuitive decision making in technology and knowledge-based companies. Given the nature of the intuition, the method used in this research was qualitative (Grounded Theory) and based on the analysis of interviews. The results suggest that there is sufficient evidence that the decision-makers of knowledge-based companies use intuition in the uncertainty environment, and that information and time are the causative factors causing uncertainty. In addition, it was found that experience and intuitions are inextricably linked, and the mental patterns and curiosity of the variables associated with them. Unstable environment of business also play the role of the underlying factor of intuitive decision making. Increasing the speed of decision making, creativity and reducing feelings of regret from positive outcomes and increasing decision errors are also the negative consequences of the use of intuition.