مهرداد محرم زاده

More comprehensive and practical research is needed on active sports tourism, the importance of sports development in Iran, and its impact on the economy. Therefore, the current study aims to develop a sports tourism development model with an economic approach to address various aspects of increasing sports tourism's share in the gross domestic product.

This qualitative study used the database theory strategy and Charms's constructivist approach. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Nineteen experts in three fields—sports science, economy, and tourism—participated in the research.

The interviews' 210 sentences were implemented into 145 initial and 22 focused codes. Finally, the factors identified from the interviews were classified into six core categories: health-giving movements, institutionalization, active lifestyle, health, people and society, and economy. The current model acknowledges that active sports tourism may directly and indirectly affect the Gross domestic product (GDP).

Originality: 

It was found that increasing attention to active sports tourism improves people's health and quality of life and can also lead to increased productivity, reduced health costs, the growth of related industries, and an increase in gross domestic product.

Given donors' significant capacity and potential to contribute to sports infrastructure development in the country, identifying suitable and practical Solutions for leveraging this capacity is of utmost importance. Therefore, this research aims to identify Solutions for utilizing donors' capacity in sports infrastructure development.

This qualitative study employed a thematic analysis approach, utilizing content analysis as an exploratory technique. The study population consisted of sports experts, managers, and individuals engaged in sports donors. Purposeful and snowball sampling methods were employed, and data saturation was achieved through 17 interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted either in person or via telephone. Validity and reliability were ensured through acceptability, transferability, confirmability, and retest.

The data analysis yielded 42 open codes, categorized into nine sub-themes. Ultimately, the sub-themes were classified into five main themes: legal and structural reforms, improvement of management and planning, transformation and enhancement of public culture, strengthening of information dissemination and awareness, and economic support and incentives. The findings of this research present a comprehensive set of effective Solutions and tools for maximizing donors' participation in sports infrastructure development. Sports organizations and donors can make the most of this valuable capacity by employing these Solutions.

Originality: 

The research findings provide insights into philanthropists' motivations, challenges, and potential contributions to advancing sports development initiatives. The study also proposes an innovative framework for effectively engaging and collaborating with donors to drive sports infrastructure growth.

Undoubtedly, the sustainable and all-round development of organizations depends on the presence of a competent management team at the head of those organizations. The governance of meritocracy in administrative institutions causes many transformations and changes and, as a result, promotes human capital and the development of countries. Establishing a meritocracy system in organizations can lead to ensuring social justice, increasing motivation, dynamism, creativity, innovation, and mobility of managers, reducing administrative and financial corruption, increasing organizational productivity and optimal use of departmental budgets, and developing human capital. The meritocracy approach is one of the most effective and efficient approaches to creating group cohesion in the organization. By using this approach, the organization can take steps as a coherent system to advance its anticipated goals. Also, the meritocracy approach aimed at employing competent forces seeks to ensure that high-level managers of sports organizations have the necessary expertise, ability, and competencies to prevent corruption, various abuses, and waste of resources while increasing productivity in these organizations. Therefore, it is very important to employ people in suitable positions with their abilities, especially in sports organizations that have their conditions in the form of a meritocracy system. Examining the current conditions in the sports field of the country shows that there are many problems and obstacles in the management of sports organizations and the proper management of human resources. The absence of specific rules and framework in the employment of sports managers, political work and game politics in sports, unnecessary administrative bureaucracy, instability in managerial positions with the transfer of governments, lack of performance clarification, lack of meritocracy culture in sports, downplaying the issue of sports, lack of sportsmanship of high-ranking managers of organizations sports, etc. can be considered among the challenges in the path of meritocracy in sports organizations. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to investigate the effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

The research method is of a qualitative type, which is considered practical in terms of its purpose, and it is an exploratory type of research in which a thematic analysis method is used. The research community was formed by the senior managers of sports organizations and faculty members of the sports management field of the country's universities. A non-probability targeted sampling method was used to select the interviewees. The research sample included 21 senior managers of sports organizations and sports management professors in the country. To collect data, a semi-structured interview with experts was used, which continued until theoretical saturation. MAXQDA20 software was used to analyze the interviews. Also, in the current research, the method of agreement between coders and determination of the Feliss Cappa coefficient were used to calculate reliability. Finally, the Feliss Cappa is 0/70. It was found that there is good agreement between the coders.

 Based on the findings of the research, the effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach, including 132 open codes, were obtained, which were placed in 16 subcategories. From the obtained subcategories, 7 core categories were obtained, which include: individual factors (general competencies, intellectual competencies, belief competencies, political competencies, scientific-specialist competencies, management competencies, communication competencies, economic competencies), political factors, economic factors (economic conditions), legal factors (legislation, rule of law), social factors, cultural factors, and organizational factors.

Limitations & Consequences: 

Unfortunately, it was observed that part of the research community was not at the head of sports organizations based on meritocracy. Also, the findings of this research were only related to sports organizations and cannot be generalized to other organizations.

Practical Consequences: 

The findings of this research can practically pave the way for success and achieving goals in these organizations by providing a coherent framework of effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach. The growth and success of the country's sports organizations will undoubtedly lead to the elevation of the country's sports in all aspects.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

The subject of the research has not been studied in the country so far, and this research was investigated for the first time in sports organizations.

The purpose of this article is to validate the football development model of the basic levels of Ardabil province in the general dimension. The research method is of a quantitative type, which was carried out by a survey method, and the statistical population of the present study includes athletes, experts, sports managers and professors, considering that the confirmatory factor analysis method has been used, so the number of necessary samples is proportional to the number of variables. was selected and for each variable at least 5 samples and a total of 230 people were selected and the sampling is random. The data collection tool was also using a questionnaire.The results showed that the average opinions of athletes, experts, sports managers and professors regarding the validity of the model were 4.48 out of 5, which is equal to 89.6%; Therefore, the proposed model has a very high degree of credibility, and based on the validation of the research quality and the model based on the "popularity" index of Strauss and Corbin, the football development model of the basic levels of Ardabil province has good quality and credibility in the general dimension, and also in factor analysis. Confirmation of the goodness of fit indices of the structural model is desirable and has a good fit. Therefore, the validity of the model has been confirmed and it can be said that the football development model of the basic levels of Ardabil province has sufficient validity in the general dimension.

Sport plays a significant role in health promotion, quality of life enhancement, and empowerment of individuals and society. Public inclination towards sports necessitates the continuous development of sports facilities, equipment, and spaces, as the quantity and quality of such infrastructure directly influence the expansion of sporting activities within the community. One of the primary challenges in developing sports infrastructure is the reduction of governmental financial resources.In these circumstances, attracting support and financial contributions from donors for the construction and improvement of sports facilities appears essential. Donors allocate a portion of their assets for philanthropic purposes, which may include land, buildings, equipment, and financial resources. In the realm of sports, donors can play a crucial role in developing sports infrastructure, such as stadiums, halls, and playing fields, by financing construction and renovation projects.However, to effectively harness donors' capacity in this domain, it is necessary to adopt appropriate strategies, such as fostering coordination and collaboration between the government and donors, conducting precise needs assessments and project prioritization, encouraging donors to engage in underprivileged areas, and strengthening the culture of philanthropy in sports. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to identify efficient strategies for optimal utilization of donors' capacity in developing the country's sports infrastructure.

The present study is qualitative and exploratory and employs thematic analysis. The statistical sample comprised several active donors in the sports domain, senior sports managers with experience collaborating with sports donors, and university professors who are experts in this field. Purposive and snowball sampling were utilized, and theoretical saturation was achieved after 23 interviews. Initial interview questions were formulated based on the research background and intended objectives, with additional questions incorporated depending on interview conditions. Each interview concluded by posing an open-ended question to interviewees, such as "Do you think there is anything that has not been asked about?" Interview durations ranged from 20 to 30 minutes. Following the interviews, thematic analysis was applied to extract strategies for utilizing donors' capacity in developing the country's sports infrastructure.To validate the study's findings, Lincoln and Guba's (1985) evaluative criteria were employed as a framework for assessing qualitative research quality. These criteria include credibility, transferability, and dependability, which correspond to the conventional concepts in quantitative research known as internal validity, external validity, and reliability or trustworthiness, respectively. To calculate interview reliability, the intra-topical agreement method was used. The test-retest reliability of the interviews in this study, calculated using the aforementioned formula, exceeded 0.81. Given that the reliability coefficient is greater than 0.60 (Stemler, 2001), the trustworthiness of the coding is confirmed and deemed acceptable.

Following coding based on thematic analysis, 41 sub-themes were extracted and categorized into 8 secondary themes and 4 main themes, comprising participatory and interaction strategies, supportive strategies, cultural and promotional strategies, and operational and guidance strategies. It is noteworthy that secondary themes were derived after repeated examination of interviews, subsequently informing the formation of main themes.Results were classified into 4 categories: participatory and interaction strategies (themes of participatory strategies, transparency, and trust-building strategies), supportive strategies (themes of financial and investment strategies, motivational and supportive strategies), cultural and promotional strategies (themes of cultural development and awareness-raising strategies, benchmarking strategies), and operational and guidance strategies (themes of executive strategies, managerial strategies).The Shannon matrix indicates the frequency and relative importance of key identifiers recognized in this study from the perspective of the samples under investigation. Based on collected data, motivational and supportive strategies, with a coefficient of 58, held the highest importance. Subsequently, cultural development and awareness-raising strategies, with a coefficient of 55, and transparency and trust-building strategies, with a coefficient of 48, were highly prioritized according to participants' views. Furthermore, participatory strategies with a coefficient of 42, managerial strategies with 24, financial and investment strategies with 18, and finally, executive and benchmarking strategies with a coefficient of 8 had the lowest relative importance. This priority order may indicate the significance and special emphasis of research participants on motivational, cultural, and transparency strategies for engaging donors in sports infrastructure development.

Overall, based on the findings of this research, to optimally utilize donors' capacity in developing the country's sports infrastructure, a multifaceted and comprehensive approach should be adopted. This approach must encompass a set of participatory and interactive strategies, supportive strategies, cultural and promotional strategies, and operational and guidance strategies. Initially, involving donors in decision-making, considering their opinions, maintaining continuous interaction, and ensuring transparency of actions are of paramount importance. Subsequently, motivating donors through recognition and encouragement appears essential. Alongside these factors, cultural development and awareness-raising in society to promote donors' participation in sports, as well as benchmarking from others' experiences, should be taken into account. Finally, implementing operational and managerial strategies such as organizing sports events, presenting attractive projects, designing a donors' charter, capacity building, and permit exemptions are crucial for attracting and guiding donors' participation. In sum, by simultaneously and coordinately employing these strategies across various dimensions, the valuable capacity of donors can be harnessed towards developing the country's sports infrastructure, taking fundamental and effective steps in this direction. The findings of this study can serve as a roadmap for managers and policymakers in the sports domain for optimal utilization of donors' capacity.

Due to the importance of ethics in football spectators, the purpose of this study is to present a "model of ethical culture among Iranian Football Premier League spectators. This qualitative research has been done by Delphi method. The researcher has collected information by studying the texts and interviewing 43 football sports experts. Analysis of face-to-face and electronic interviews has enabled the researcher to understand concepts whose integration with each other has enabled a deeper understanding of why and how the ethical culture-oriented culture model among Iranian Premier League football spectators. Using Delphi analysis method, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, finally after theoretical saturation, with extraction, classification, and researcher initiative with the help of supervisors and consultants, in the Delphi research and survey section, finally 124 component in 10 dimension social, economic, personal and psychological causes, media and television, legal factors and cultural policy, facilities, management factors, education, demographics and well -known sports people in order to improve the ethics-oriented culture were identified among the spectators of the Iranian football pro league. The most attention has been paid to the components in the dimensions of management, legislation and cultural policy making, education and facilities .it is necessary that sports experts and decision-makers, especially in the field of football, managers of sports organizations, club owners, as well as coaches, referees and football players, pay more attention to these dimensions.

Examining the role of harmony, color, light, and form of health-oriented sidewalks in Ardabil city on people's tendency to participate in physical activity in 2022.

This research was a descriptive type carried out in the field. The statistical population of the research included people who used the health-oriented sidewalks of Ardabil for exercise and recreation. According to Morgan's table, 545 people were selected as a non-random statistical sample. After completing the questionnaire made by the researcher by 545 people and the investigations carried out by the researcher, 161 questionnaires were removed due to violations in the received information, and 384 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. The median distribution was used to determine the normality of the data, and the singlegroup T-test was used to test the research hypotheses. Multiple regression was used for intragroup correlation. SPSS version 26 software was used to review and analyze the data with a significance level of P≥0.05.

The results showed that the average dimension of harmony, form, color and light in people's tendency towards sports activities had a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Also, the multiple regression test showed that the predictive variables of aesthetic dimensions are able to predict people's tendency to participate in physical activity in a combined manner (P<0.01).

The results of the present research showed that the aesthetic elements by using different components significantly lead to the tendency of citizens to physical activity. It is suggested that aesthetic elements be used in constructing and equipping health-oriented sidewalks.

The objective of this study is to explore the obstacles and challenges faced by educational sports in Iran. Based on the research objective, a systematic review of articles in the field of educational sports was conducted. We focused on identifying problems and limitations in this field, as well as highlighting keywords related to educational sports, physical sports, school sports, educational sports challenges, limitations, weaknesses, health and physical education in schools or universities. The search was conducted from 2010 to 2023 in the country. To conduct this study, we searched for related articles using keywords in specialized databases such as Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Meg Iran, Noor Megs, and SID. The selected articles had to meet certain inclusion criteria: they needed to be in Persian or Iranian, published in prestigious domestic and foreign scientific research journals, and be related to educational sports and the examination of its harms and weaknesses in the country. Based on these inclusion criteria, we identified 109 articles in the field. After reviewing the articles that were not relevant to the main purpose of this study, we excluded them from the analysis. Finally, we selected 22 articles that were completely relevant and consistent with our research objective. These articles focused on educational sports and provided insights into their harms and limitations. The findings revealed that the country's educational sports face weaknesses and problems across seven dimensions: inadequate sports facilities and equipment, weaknesses in the educational system, deficiencies in the management system, limitations and non-specialist nature of human resources, financial constraints, environmental or cultural factors, and individual factors. The research findings indicate that the state of educational sports in the country has deficiencies and restrictions that need to be addressed through new plans and codification. Therefore, in order to promote educational sports, there is a need for comprehensive and effective planning. Encouraging children's interest in sports at school is crucial as it cultivates a positive attitude towards it in the future. Presently, the lack of physical activity is a major contributing factor to the rise of diseases and bodily abnormalities, emphasizing the urgent need to address this issue.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the implementation of physical education programs in non-profit schools in Ardabil city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of the data collection method. The size of the statistical population is equal to 50 people, which includes all the teachers, managers, and assistants of non-profit secondary schools in Ardabil city, who were selected as a sample. The method of collecting information was library and field, and the data measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by professors and experts in the fields of physical education, sports science, and educational management. The reliability of the questionnaire was found to be 0.895 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which indicates acceptable reliability. Then, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software. In the descriptive statistics section, the table of frequency, percentage, and average was used to describe the population under study, and in the inferential statistics section, the KolmogorovSmirnov test was used to check the normality of the data and to test the research questions or hypotheses, the Student's t-test (t) was used. -test) or single sample and ANOVA test were used. The results showed that with the implementation of educational programs, the predetermined physical education goals have been achieved to a higher-than-average level. In the implementation of educational programs, three areas (cognitive, behavioral, and motor) are paid more attention than average. The level of interest of teachers in the accurate implementation of the physical education curriculum, awareness of the content and library materials of the physical education curriculum, infrastructure facilities, and school halls for the implementation of the physical education curriculum, the variety of sports activities in the physical education curriculum, performance evaluation of physical education instructors, skills And the abilities of students of non-profit secondary schools in Ardabil city are above average.

The current research tries to identify the factors affecting the growth of professional sports clubs, which affect the development of the sports industry, by focusing on the strategic foresight of Iran's professional sports with a world-class approach.

The data of this qualitative research, which had an exploratory-fundamental nature, was collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports clubs. A detailed interpretative understanding and preliminary and theoretical codings determined that professional sports clubs can build their desired future based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, set a perspective for it.

In this research, a total of fifteen main factors affecting the strategic foresight of Iran's professional sports with a world-class approach include: sports structure, foundational factors, hardware infrastructure, background factors, key stakeholders, development with a global approach, actors Key, human resource development, and possible consequences, global development consequences, preferred future, uncertainties, drivers and surprises were identified.

In general, economic considerations are described in world-class professional sports more than anything else, although cultural elements also play a role in this field. Despite the importance of culture in globalization discourses in sports, economic considerations play an important role.

The aim of the research was to design a model for the use of new technologies in the development of sport for all in Iran. This current research was of applied and qualitative type based on grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin approach. The statistical population included selected professors of sports management of universities and managers of general sports and youth departments and sports federations. Sampling was done in a targeted way with two primary samples and its volume was determined to be 15 people based on information saturation. The data collection method in this research was field-type and using semi-structured interviews, and three-stage coding (open, central, selective) was used for data analysis. The results of the research showed that the causal factors of the use of new technologies in the development of sport for all in Iran are the lifestyle, the target community and the need of sport for all for new technology, its underlying factors include infrastructural, managerial, cultural and geographical factors, its intervening factors include economic factors, Political and socio-cultural and its strategies include educational strategies, management strategies, culture building, research strategies and financial strategies, which ultimately cause consequences including sports development, scientific development, economic development, health development and international development. Therefore, the principled and appropriate application of new technologies and attention to effective factors will lead to the development of sport for all in various ways.

The purpose o f this research was t o designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest o f the country .

The research method was descriptive - correlation type. The statistical population o f the research was manager s and employees o f touri sm institution s in the northwest o f the country . Estimation of the statistical sample t o a sufficient number based o n each item , 10 people were randomly selected . Therefore , 1 30 peop le were estimated t o have 10 times the number o f variable questions with the highest number o f 1 3 question s in the variable ( building the capacity o f the chain o f sports tourism destinations ) . Ten scientific and executive experts were asked t o evaluate content validity . Then, the combined reliability and validity o f the structure was checked and confirmed in the final stage using PLS software .

The result s of the factor analysis o f the construct s o f each o f the nine main variable s showed that all the component s have a significant explanatory role . The path analysis also showed that the relationship s between the nine main variable s i n a sequence from independent variable s t o dependent variable s are positive and significant, and the conceptual model has a good fit .

Conclusion : 

Based o n the find ing s o f the research, the current developed model can create a tremendou s change i n sport s tourism in the northwest o f the country, and i t is necessary for the interested and relevant official s t o develop physical, ecological, social, and political capacitie s for the development and development o f sport s tourism . and economic and include them in the plan s and provide tourism destination s with main and support ing services f or perfect and enjoyable delivery t o sports tourist s .

Professional sports are among the vital factors in development of sports industry in different countries. Moving towards development in these complexities, without having a plan that can cope with complexities and environmental changes is not destined. 

professional sports has multiple trustees, key players and stakeholders, in this research, using Mactor future research software, the degree of influence and effectiveness of key players on each other, as well as identifying the position of each player in relation to the goals of the field of professional sports was investigated and suitable strategies were presented. 12 sports management experts, who were selected in a completely objective manner, completed the actor-actor and actor-goals matrices. Mactor software was used for data analysis. 

In the map of the relationship between goals and actors, the relationship and distance of each of the actors and goals was determined that the media is close by facilitating international procedures for players, coaches and clubs. Government and custodian institutions to facilitate investment and representation of international organizations, mediators for sports activism, sponsors who play a role in macro-politics and the Ministry of Sports and Youth, CEOs, coaches and players, executive staff, powerful people and managers An industry for financial support, playing a role in the sports industry and demanding for public opinion are very close.

According to the general achievements of the research, it seems that if the key players play their effective role in accordance with the goals, we can witness the promotion of the brand and performance of professional clubs.

Today, with the increasing development of technology and the rise in psychological and physical needs among young people, attention to improving their quality of life has become one of the social priorities. Based on this, the current research was conducted to investigate the impact of physical activities integrated with gamification on students' leisure time quality. This research was applied in terms of its purpose and carried out through a semi-experimental method using the leisure time questionnaire of Ebrahimi et al. (2016). The statistical population included female high school sophomores in Ardabil city, from which 30 were selected by convenience sampling and divided into two groups of 15, experimental and control. Data analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk parametric tests, two-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni's post hoc tests at a significance level of P<0.05 using SPSS 26 software. Investigations showed that time and group factors, along with the interaction between time and group, had significant effects on decision-making skills, leisure awareness, social relations, and self-awareness. These effects were statistically significant in all components with significant levels of P<0.001 and variable effect sizes (d=0.935, d=0.898, d=0.934, and d=0.937 for decision-making skills, leisure awareness, social relations, and self-awareness, respectively). These findings underscore the importance of time and differences between groups in the development and improvement of these skills and emphasize that the interaction between time and group also plays a role in this advancement. According to the results obtained from the research, it can be concluded that the integration of sports exercises with gamification significantly increases the quality of students' free time.

The purpose of this study is to identify the incidents and consequences of the development of physical literacy in elementary school students. The present research is qualitative and based on grounded- theory. The research strategy was hidden content analysis and field method was applied. In- depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Maxqda software version 2020 was used for data analysis. The statistical population of the study was professors of sports management and motor behavior and expert teachers in the field of physical literacy in education system. Using snowball sampling method, 25 people were considered as the sample size. After analyzing the research interviews through the process of open and axial coding, causal and contextual factors, the concept, primary and secondary consequences of physical literacy development were identified by Glaser approach. The data of quality section, which was in the form of text and audio format, showed that in identifying of axial phenomenon of research (physical literacy development), the six main categories of movement development, skill dimension development, perceptual concept, physical concept, cognitive concept and motivational concept and two categories of Environmental and technical factors as causal conditions and 8 main categories including cultural factors, organizations and external influencing factors, social factors, family, media, education, resources, technology and educational institutions were extracted as the underlying factors of physical literacy. In the primary consequences part, main categories of obesity, had a positive effect on growth dimensions, positive mental effect, a positive impact on children's personality, improving learning and physical health, and in the secondary consequences the main categories of functional effects on sport and training of healthy generation, positive social, economic was discovered. It seems that physical literacy training helps children to develop inherently motivated behaviors and find a way to have an active lifestyle throughout their lives and ultimately increase their quality of life and their welfare.

The purpose of this research was to construct and validate of the parent support scale for physical education. This research was mixed (qualitative and quantitative methods). In the qualitative section, a questionnaire with 29 questions was compiled by examining the theoretical foundations and literature, holding focus meetings, and interviewing 6 experts in the field of PE and educational sciences. The quantitative part of the research consisted of 3 stages. The first stage was distributing the questionnaire among 10 specialists to check the face and content validity, and conducting an initial pilot on 90 people. In this stage, one question was deleted. The second stage was to perform Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the extraction of 5 factors and remove 2 questions. The third stage was to perform Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and examine convergent and divergent validity and composite reliability. The research tool in the qualitative phase was interviews with the members of the focus group and in the quantitative phase, a 5-point Likert questionnaire. The participants of the quantitative part were 7634 parents of students from all over the provinces of Iran. After conducting EFA, 26 questions were placed on five factors (attitude into PE, behavioral pattern, interaction with PE teacher, affective support, and hardware support). Also, the findings of the CFA indicated proper fit indices and the model was confirmed. Eventually, it can be stated that the parent support scale for physical education has proper validity and reliability and it can be used in Iran.

As societies progress and become more complex, policy-making has increasingly revealed its shortcomings and inefficiencies. Among the causes of these inefficiencies, we can mention reductionism, misunderstanding of uncertainties and desire to achieve certainty, evolution of new patterns of cognition and oversimplification of the complexities of the human world.. Foresight is one of the fields of knowledge that is based on comprehensiveness and participation. Foresight means uncovering something that can make a systematic or fundamental difference in the coming years. One of the environments that is constantly exposed to many changes and has many uncertainties is the sports environment. In sports organizations, development is considered a fundamental issue and the concept of development in sports has an unbreakable link with the component of sustainable income generation. It can cause the development of sports and finally the development of income generation in Iranian sports. The current research is considered as a descriptive (non-experimental) research. This research is a compilation of internal and external stakeholders of drivers and uncertainties affecting the sustainable income generation of professional sports clubs in Iran based on purposeful sampling and snowball selection, and finally the findings indicate that It is that the increase of the sports budget and a better economic and financial view of professional sports and the presence of sponsors in the form of government sponsors or sometimes private sponsors are among the most important drivers of professional sports clubs.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for enriching and promoting job aspirations of employees of universities and higher education centers. The method of this research was descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study was all the staff of universities and higher education centers in Tabriz and there were 400 people who were selected as a sample based on Krejcie and Morgan table from 196 people by simple random sampling method. For data collection, the standard 18-item job enrichment questionnaire Riff and Tynell (1973), the standard 25-item job aspirations questionnaire of Denziger et al. (2008) were used. The face validity of the instruments was confirmed by the supervisors and consultants and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the job enrichment questionnaire of 0.83 and the job aspiration questionnaire of 0.91 which was statistically significant. Descriptive statistics (graph, frequency, frequency percentage), inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman test and structural equation model) were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage) and inferential statistics (structural equation model) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the proposed model of enrichment and promotion of employees' job aspirations is at the desired level. Security-stability, entrepreneurial creativity, independence-autonomy, service and self-sacrifice, pure challenge and lifestyle) have been identified based on the prioritization of elements and components of the model of enrichment and promotion of job aspirations of technology component in the first place with the average and lifestyle are in the last rank with the average.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a proposed model for the management of Iranian freestyle wrestling for the 2024 Paris Olympics. The research method was qualitative and based on Grounded Theory. Data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Research participants are federation officials, professional coaches, professional athletes, veterans, Iranian freestyle wrestling experts, and university faculty members. In the final proposed model based on coding and data analysis; Causal conditions (freestyle wrestling weaknesses, freestyle wrestling hazards, freestyle wrestling needs, and factors influencing freestyle wrestling to perform in the Olympics) led to attention to a central phenomenon (Iran's freestyle wrestling management model for the 2024 Paris Olympics). Given the existing context (factors related to the federation, athletes, society, governments and organizations) and existing intervention factors (individual wrestling, technical, physical, psychological and managerial factors), strategies (individual development of the wrestler, technical , Physical, mental, managerial) were presented, the consequences of its use (improving the performance of freestyle wrestling, improving the performance of freestyle wrestling technical staff, improving the performance of freestyle wrestlers and improving the status of Iranian freestyle wrestling management in the Olympics). Thus, it is possible to improve the performance of Iranian freestyle wrestling in the Olympics by using strengths, removing existing obstacles and applying the strategies presented in the proposed model of this research. This will lead to better results and improve the performance of Iranian freestyle wrestling in the 2024 Paris Olympics.

issues in all societies today and it has affected so many people. Football is one of the most popular and high-contact sports which especially focuses on the ethics and behavior of the players. The first step in resolving this issue is to find the factors that affect the immorality of football players. This study has conducted to study the factors affecting the immorality of Premier League football players.

Materials and Procedures: 

In this study, a qualitative research method based on data foundation theory of Strauss-Corbin model was used. The statistical population of this study is consisted of physical education professors, football coaches and physical education students and using purposeful sampling method, semi-structured interviews with 18 professors and experts continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In order to ensure the validity of the instrument from the opinions of experts and to ensure the reliability of the data, the non-participating elite review method was used.

After three stages of open, axial and selective coding, the results of data analysis around the paradigm model, six general categories were extracted that control the most important factors which cause the immorality in football players. These factors are: managerial factors, individual and psychological factors, political factors, economic factors, cultural and social factors and convenience factors.

According to the research findings, it was concluded that internal and external factors are among the most important factors affecting the immorality process of football players.

The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics of effective leaders of sports organizations. The research method was qualitative and based on phenomenology. The statistical population of the research was the professors of the academic faculties of the country's universities, who had leadership and management experience in sports organizations. The validity and reliability of the research was confirmed through the indicators of credibility, transferability, trustworthiness and verifiability. After step-by-step coding based on the phenomenological method, 77 sub-themes were obtained, which were divided into 9 topics: leader's power, leader's personality, leader's views, leader's behavior, leader's communication, leader's ethics, leader's skills, members' views towards the leader. , leader's actions were placed as the characteristics of effective leaders of sports organizations. The results of the research showed that the characteristics of effective leaders in sport organizations are power (charismatic power, expert power, etc.), personality (self-confidence, vision, etc.), leader's views (belief in change, perspective idealistic and...) leader's behavior (appropriate body posture, extra-role behaviors, etc.) leader's communication (good relations with subordinates, etc.) , technical, etc.) is the view of the members towards the leader (the acceptability and cooperation of the members, etc.) and the actions of the leader (strategic planning and evaluation right under the hands, etc.).

The increasing use of virtual space and restrictions on leisure programs have caused some people to participate in it in their free time, despite being aware of the criminality of being on betting sites. If this issue continues, an addiction to continuous activity in betting sites will be formed, which will have many negative consequences, especially in the student group. Therefore, the purpose of the current research; Crime prevention strategies are based on the activities of high school students in betting sites.

The current research is practical in terms of purpose and was conducted using a qualitative method using a descriptive phenomenological approach. The participants in the current research were university faculty members in the department of psychology, counseling and sports management, high school students involved in the betting process, and students' parents in 2023; A sample of 16 people was selected from the mentioned people. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview with open questions. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the research content, the interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner. In order to finalize the research, the validity and reliability criteria were used.

By analyzing the information obtained from the participants in the research, the crime prevention strategies based on the activities of high school students in betting sites were divided into 48 sub-topics in the form of 6 main topics: the role of the police force, The role of the family, the role of the individual, the role of the peer group, the role of leisure programs and the role of counselors were formed.

The concepts identified in this research help to reduce the activity of students in betting sites and ultimately prevent cyber crimes resulting from virtual space.

Managing partner relations in the football federation includes establishing and maintaining a positive relationship with stakeholders. Also, the football federation should have a more effective relationship with its leading partners to develop the organizational brand, increase trust and cooperation with stakeholders, reduce conflicts, and finally develop football. In this regard, the present study aimed to express the consequences of using partner relationship management in the football federation.

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and was conducted using a qualitative method using a descriptive phenomenological approach. The participants in the study included 23 experts related to the subject. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and the coding steps were done in MaxQda version 20 software. Validity, transferability, trustworthiness and verifiability criteria were used to determine validity and reliability.

 The consequences of using partner relationship management in the football federation, including 87 sub-themes in the form of 8 main themes of monitoring and evaluation development, communication development, financial development, development of goods and services, development of common goals, development of stakeholder information, development of organizational performance and brand development is the beneficiary.

By establishing effective relationships with the main partners, the football federation can help develop the brand and increase trust and cooperation with the stakeholders, and as a result, the football federation can progress at the international level.

The purpose of this study was to design shoe insoles for people with neck pain. In this study, elastic polymers and elastomers matrials were used to design the insole body. In the specific part, a polymer ring with emollient materials was used. Fifteen male students with neck pain were volunteered to participate in the present study. The pain intensity was measured after 120 mile walking with and without designed foot orthoses. Visual analog scale (VAS) index was used  for pain assessment. Shapiro-wilk test affirmed the normal distribution of the data. Paired sample t-test was used for statistical analysis using SPSS software version 26. A significant level of P≤0.05 was considered for all tests. The results of the present study showed that the designed insole reduced pain in people with neck pain (P=0.006). Overall, further studies were needed to better establish this issue.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the mediating role of information literacy in the impact of modern educational technology on the improvement of human resources (case study: physical education teachers in Karaj).

descriptive-analytical research method was field method. The current research population is 683 physical education teachers in Karaj. The sample size of the present study was determined by using Morgan's table of 246 people. The sampling method of the above research was stratified random. The measurement tools included new educational technology questionnaires (Yavoz, 2005), human resources improvement questionnaire (Volba and Jansen, 2010) and information literacy questionnaire (Siamak and Daverpanah, 2015). The content and form validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by the professors and then the Cronbach's alpha reliability of the modern educational technology questionnaire was 0.70, the Cronbach's alpha reliability of the human resources improvement questionnaire was 0.81, and the Cronbach's alpha reliability of the information literacy questionnaire was 0.76. In order to analyze the data of the present research, structural equation modeling method was used. The entire process of analysis was done using spss19 and Amose23 software.

The findings of the research showed that information literacy plays a mediating role in the impact of modern educational technology on the improvement of human resources.

Therefore, it can be concluded that if human resources have sufficient information literacy, modern educational technology can create an environment that enriches the educational environment, skills, behavior, learning style and improvement of human resources.